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Pauleikhoff L, Wingert V, Grünert SC, Lange C, Hannibal L, Bucher F. METHYLATION-ASSOCIATED PATHWAYS IN MACULAR TELANGIECTASIA TYPE 2 AND OPHTHALMOLOGIC FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH GENETIC METHYLATION DISORDERS. Retina 2024; 44:1052-1062. [PMID: 38261977 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000004052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Serine (Ser) and glycine (Gly) levels were reported to differ between patients with macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) compared with healthy controls. Because they are closely related to methylation metabolism, this report investigates methylation-associated metabolite levels in patients with MacTel and retinal changes in monogenetic methylation disorders. METHODS Prospective, monocentric study on patients with MacTel and healthy controls underwent a standardized protocol including a blood draw. Methylation-associated metabolite levels in plasma were determined using targeted quantitative metabolomics. Furthermore, patient records of cystathionine beta-synthase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type C protein (MMACHC) deficiency were screened for reported retinal changes. RESULTS In total, 29 patients with MacTel and 27 healthy controls were included. Patients with MacTel showed lower plasma Ser ( P = 0.02 and P = 0.01) and Gly ( P = 0.11 and P = 0.11) levels than controls. Principal component analyses revealed that methylation-associated metabolite, especially homocysteine, contributed to a distinct clustering of patients with MacTel. No retinal changes were seen in cystathionine beta-synthase (n = 1) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (n = 2) deficiency, while two patients with MMACHC (n = 4) deficiency displayed extensive macular dystrophy. CONCLUSION Patients with MacTel show distinct clustering of methylation-associated metabolite compared with controls. Of the three homocystinurias, only MMACHC resulted in macular dystrophy, possibly due to distinct compensatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurenz Pauleikhoff
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Victoria Wingert
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah C Grünert
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Clemens Lange
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Augenzentrum am St. Franziskus Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felicitas Bucher
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Chandran K, Giridhar A, Desai S, Gopalakrishnan M, Indu VP, Sivaprasad S. Relevance of multicolor imaging, its component channels, and fundus autofluorescence in describing macular telangiectasia type-2 (MacTel) lesion characteristics. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:S125-S134. [PMID: 38131554 PMCID: PMC10833168 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_78_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to describe imaging characteristics and detection rates of phenotypic features in macular telangiectasia type-2 (MacTel) on multicolor (MC), blue reflectance (BR), green reflectance (GR), infrared reflectance (IR), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and to evaluate sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values across modalities. METHODS In this monocentric observational study, 282 eyes of 148 patients with MacTel underwent color fundus photograph, MC, BR, GR, IR, FAF, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), OCT-angiography (OCT-A), and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Grading was done by two graders qualitatively and quantitatively for the presence of the following prespecified MacTel findings [crystals, right-angle vessels (RAVs), plaques, subretinal neovascularization (SRNV), and MacTel area]. Across each imaging modality, the detection rate of RAVs and SRNV was compared with reference standard OCT-A (RAVs and SRNV) and FFA (SRNV), whereas that of plaques was compared with reference standard SD-OCT. RESULTS MC identified overall MacTel characteristics in 92.7% of eyes. Regarding the presence, number, and quadrants of RAVs and the presence and number of crystals, MC and GR had superior detection rates as well as the highest sensitivity and negative predictive value. Retinal plaques were better detected using FAF (97%), followed by MC (88%). In proliferative MacTel, SRNV was identified in 86% and 79% of eyes on MC and IR, respectively. While BR clearly delineated MacTel area in 100% eyes, FAF was able to ascertain a larger area of involvement in proliferative MacTel. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate the ability of MC, its component channels, and FAF to describe MacTel characteristics qualitatively and quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Chandran
- Department of Vitreoretinal Services, Giridhar Eye Institute, Cochin, Kerala, India
- SSM Eye Research Foundation, Giridhar Eye Institute, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Anantharaman Giridhar
- Department of Vitreoretinal Services, Giridhar Eye Institute, Cochin, Kerala, India
- SSM Eye Research Foundation, Giridhar Eye Institute, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Sachin Desai
- Department of Vitreoretinal Services, Giridhar Eye Institute, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | | | - V P Indu
- Department of Vitreoretinal Services, Giridhar Eye Institute, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Wu L. Unraveling the mysteries of macular telangiectasia 2: the intersection of philanthropy, multimodal imaging and molecular genetics. The 2022 founders lecture of the pan American vitreoretinal society. Int J Retina Vitreous 2023; 9:69. [PMID: 37968753 PMCID: PMC10652610 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-023-00505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Offer a personal perspective on the scientific advances on macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel2) since the launch of the MacTel Project in 2005. DESIGN Literature review and personal perspective. METHODS Critical review of the peer-reviewed literature and personal perspective. RESULTS Generous financial support from the Lowy Medical Research Institute laid the foundations of the MacTel Project. MacTel Project investigators used state of the art multimodal retinal imaging and advanced modern biological methods to unravel many of the mysteries surrounding MacTel2. Major accomplishments includes elucidation of the pathogenic role that low serine levels, elevated 1-deoxysphingolipids and other mechanisms induce mitochondrial dysfunction which lead to Müller cell and photoreceptor degeneration; the use of objective measures of retinal structures such as the area of ellipsoid zone disruption as an outcome measure in clinical trials; the demonstration that the ciliary neurotrophic factor slows down retinal degeneration and the development of a new severity scale classification based on multimodal imaging findings. CONCLUSIONS MacTel2 is a predominantly metabolic disease characterized by defects in energy metabolism. Despite relatively good visual acuities, MacTel2 patients experience significant visual disability. The Mac Tel Project has been instrumental in advancing MacTel2 knowledge in the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihteh Wu
- Asociados de Macula, Vitreo y Retina de Costa Rica, Primer Piso Torre Mercedes Paseo Colon, San Jose, Costa Rica.
- Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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4
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Conger KO, Chidley C, Ozgurses ME, Zhao H, Kim Y, Semina SE, Burns P, Rawat V, Sheldon R, Ben-Sahra I, Frasor J, Sorger PK, DeNicola GM, Coloff JL. ASCT2 is the primary serine transporter in cancer cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.09.561530. [PMID: 37873453 PMCID: PMC10592681 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.09.561530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The non-essential amino acid serine is a critical nutrient for cancer cells due to its diverse biosynthetic functions. While some tumors can synthesize serine de novo, others are auxotrophic for serine and therefore reliant on the uptake of exogenous serine. Importantly, however, the transporter(s) that mediate serine uptake in cancer cells are not known. Here, we characterize the amino acid transporter ASCT2 (coded for by the gene SLC1A5) as the primary serine transporter in cancer cells. ASCT2 is well-known as a glutamine transporter in cancer, and our work demonstrates that serine and glutamine compete for uptake through ASCT2. We further show that ASCT2-mediated serine uptake is essential for purine nucleotide biosynthesis and that ERα promotes serine uptake by directly activating SLC1A5 transcription. Together, our work defines an additional important role for ASCT2 as a serine transporter in cancer and evaluates ASCT2 as a potential therapeutic target in serine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly O. Conger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher Chidley
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mete Emir Ozgurses
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Huiping Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yumi Kim
- Department of Cancer Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Svetlana E. Semina
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philippa Burns
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vipin Rawat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Sheldon
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonna Frasor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter K. Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gina M. DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Coloff
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Gu L, Wang W, Gu Y, Cao J, Wang C. Metabolomic Signatures Associated with Radiation-Induced Lung Injury by Correlating Lung Tissue to Plasma in a Rat Model. Metabolites 2023; 13:1020. [PMID: 37755300 PMCID: PMC10536118 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung has raised significant concerns because of its radiosensitivity. Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) has a serious impact on the quality of patients' lives and limits the effect of radiotherapy on chest tumors. In clinical practice, effective drug intervention for RILI remains to be fully elucidated. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the biological characteristics is essential to reveal the mechanisms underlying the complex biological processes and discover novel therapeutic targets in RILI. In this study, Wistar rats received 0, 10, 20 or 35 Gy whole-thorax irradiation (WTI). Lung and plasma samples were collected within 5 days post-irradiation. Then, these samples were processed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A panel of potential plasma metabolic markers was selected by correlation analysis between the lung tissue and plasma metabolic features, followed by the evaluation of radiation injury levels within 5 days following whole-thorax irradiation (WTI). In addition, the multiple metabolic dysregulations primarily involved amino acids, bile acids and lipid and fatty acid β-oxidation-related metabolites, implying disturbances in the urea cycle, intestinal flora metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. In particular, the accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines (ACs) was observed as early as 2 d post-WTI by dynamic plasma metabolic data analysis. Our findings indicate that plasma metabolic markers have the potential for RILI assessment. These results reveal metabolic characteristics following WTI and provide new insights into therapeutic interventions for RILI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jianping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Industrial Park Ren’ai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, China; (L.G.); (W.W.); (Y.G.)
| | - Chang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Industrial Park Ren’ai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, China; (L.G.); (W.W.); (Y.G.)
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Han X, Zhang L, Kong L, Tong M, Shi Z, Li XM, Zhang T, Jiang Q, Biao Y. Comprehensive metabolic profiling of diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2023; 233:109538. [PMID: 37308049 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important complication of diabetes mellitus and a prevalent blind-causing ophthalmic disease. Despite years of efforts, rapid and accurate diagnosis of DR remains a challenging task. Metabolomics has been used as a diagnostic tool for disease progression and therapy monitoring. In this study, retinal tissues were collected from diabetic mice and age-matched non-diabetic mice. An unbiased metabolic profiling was performed to identify the altered metabolites and metabolic pathways in DR. 311 differential metabolites were identified between diabetic retinas and non-diabetic retinas under the criteria of variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1 and P < 0.05. These differential metabolites were highly enriched in purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and pantaothenate and CoA biosynthesis. We then evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of purine metabolites as the candidate biomarkers for DR through the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUC-ROCs). Compared with other purine metabolites, adenosine, guanine, and inosine had higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for DR prediction. In conclusion, this study sheds new light on the metabolic mechanism of DR, which can facilitate clinical diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of DR in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Han
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lingjie Kong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ming Tong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zehui Shi
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiu Miao Li
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yan Biao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.
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7
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Sun RX, Zhu HJ, Zhang YR, Wang JN, Wang Y, Cao QC, Ji JD, Jiang C, Yuan ST, Chen X, Liu QH. ALKBH5 causes retinal pigment epithelium anomalies and choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration via the AKT/mTOR pathway. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112779. [PMID: 37436898 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) are predominant features of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), with an unclear mechanism. Herein, we show that RNA demethylase α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) is up-regulated in AMD. In RPE cells, ALKBH5 overexpression associates with depolarization, oxidative stress, disturbed autophagy, irregular lipid homeostasis, and elevated VEGF-A secretion, which subsequently promotes proliferation, migration, and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells. Consistently, ALKBH5 overexpression in mice RPE correlates with various pathological phenotypes, including visual impairments, RPE anomalies, choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and interrupted retinal homeostasis. Mechanistically, ALKBH5 regulates retinal features through its demethylation activity. It targets PIK3C2B and regulates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway with YTHDF2 as the N6-methyladenosine reader. IOX1, an ALKBH5 inhibitor, suppresses hypoxia-induced RPE dysfunction and CNV progression. Collectively, we demonstrate that ALKBH5 induces RPE dysfunction and CNV progression in AMD via PIK3C2B-mediated activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Pharmacological inhibitors of ALKBH5, like IOX1, are promising therapeutic options for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Xu Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hong-Jing Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ye-Ran Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qiu-Chen Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiang-Dong Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Song-Tao Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Qing-Huai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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8
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Green CR, Bonelli R, Ansell BRE, Tzaridis S, Handzlik MK, McGregor GH, Hart B, Trombley J, Reilly MM, Bernstein PS, Egan C, Fruttiger M, Wallace M, Bahlo M, Friedlander M, Metallo CM, Gantner ML. Divergent amino acid and sphingolipid metabolism in patients with inherited neuro-retinal disease. Mol Metab 2023; 72:101716. [PMID: 36997154 PMCID: PMC10114224 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The non-essential amino acids serine, glycine, and alanine, as well as diverse sphingolipid species, are implicated in inherited neuro-retinal disorders and are metabolically linked by serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), a key enzyme in membrane lipid biogenesis. To gain insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these pathways to neuro-retinal diseases we compared patients diagnosed with two metabolically intertwined diseases: macular telangiectasia type II (MacTel), hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1), or both. METHODS We performed targeted metabolomic analyses of amino acids and broad sphingolipids in sera from a cohort of MacTel (205), HSAN1 (25) and Control (151) participants. RESULTS MacTel patients exhibited broad alterations of amino acids, including changes in serine, glycine, alanine, glutamate, and branched-chain amino acids reminiscent of diabetes. MacTel patients had elevated 1-deoxysphingolipids but reduced levels of complex sphingolipids in circulation. A mouse model of retinopathy indicates dietary serine and glycine restriction can drive this depletion in complex sphingolipids. HSAN1 patients exhibited elevated serine, lower alanine, and a reduction in canonical ceramides and sphingomyelins compared to controls. Those patients diagnosed with both HSAN1 and MacTel showed the most significant decrease in circulating sphingomyelins. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight metabolic distinctions between MacTel and HSAN1, emphasize the importance of membrane lipids in the progression of MacTel, and suggest distinct therapeutic approaches for these two neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Green
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Bonelli
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendan R E Ansell
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Michal K Handzlik
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Grace H McGregor
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Hart
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Mary M Reilly
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Catherine Egan
- Medical Retina Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Marcus Fruttiger
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | | | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Christian M Metallo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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9
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Eade KT, Ansell BRE, Giles S, Fallon R, Harkins-Perry S, Nagasaki T, Tzaridis S, Wallace M, Mills EA, Farashi S, Johnson A, Sauer L, Hart B, Diaz-Rubio ME, Bahlo M, Metallo C, Allikmets R, Gantner ML, Bernstein PS, Friedlander M. iPSC-derived retinal pigmented epithelial cells from patients with macular telangiectasia show decreased mitochondrial function. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163771. [PMID: 37115691 PMCID: PMC10145939 DOI: 10.1172/jci163771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a powerful tool for identifying cellular and molecular mechanisms of disease. Macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) is a rare, late-onset degenerative retinal disease with an extremely heterogeneous genetic architecture, lending itself to the use of iPSCs. Whole-exome sequencing screens and pedigree analyses have identified rare causative mutations that account for less than 5% of cases. Metabolomic surveys of patient populations and GWAS have linked MacTel to decreased circulating levels of serine and elevated levels of neurotoxic 1-deoxysphingolipids (1-dSLs). However, retina-specific, disease-contributing factors have yet to be identified. Here, we used iPSC-differentiated retinal pigmented epithelial (iRPE) cells derived from donors with or without MacTel to screen for novel cell-intrinsic pathological mechanisms. We show that MacTel iRPE cells mimicked the low serine levels observed in serum from patients with MacTel. Through RNA-Seq and gene set enrichment pathway analysis, we determined that MacTel iRPE cells are enriched in cellular stress pathways and dysregulation of central carbon metabolism. Using respirometry and mitochondrial stress testing, we functionally validated that MacTel iRPE cells had a reduction in mitochondrial function that was independent of defects in serine biosynthesis and 1-dSL accumulation. Thus, we identified phenotypes that may constitute alternative disease mechanisms beyond the known serine/sphingolipid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T. Eade
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brendan Robert E. Ansell
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Giles
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Regis Fallon
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sarah Harkins-Perry
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Takayuki Nagasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology and
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Simone Tzaridis
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martina Wallace
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth A. Mills
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Samaneh Farashi
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alec Johnson
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lydia Sauer
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Barbara Hart
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - M. Elena Diaz-Rubio
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian Metallo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology and
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marin L. Gantner
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Paul S. Bernstein
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Martin Friedlander
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
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10
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Wilson LMQ, Saba S, Li J, Prasov L, Miller JML. Specific Deoxyceramide Species Correlate with Expression of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 (MacTel2) in a SPTLC2 Carrier HSAN1 Family. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:931. [PMID: 37107689 PMCID: PMC10137565 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1/HSN1) is a peripheral neuropathy most commonly associated with pathogenic variants in the serine palmitoyltransferase complex (SPTLC1, SPTLC2) genes, which are responsible for sphingolipid biosynthesis. Recent reports have shown that some HSAN1 patients also develop macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel2), a retinal neurodegeneration with an enigmatic pathogenesis and complex heritability. Here, we report a novel association of a SPTLC2 c.529A>G p.(Asn177Asp) variant with MacTel2 in a single member of a family that otherwise has multiple members afflicted with HSAN1. We provide correlative data to suggest that the variable penetrance of the HSAN1/MacTel2-overlap phenotype in the proband may be explained by levels of certain deoxyceramide species, which are aberrant intermediates of sphingolipid metabolism. We provide detailed retinal imaging of the proband and his HSAN1+/MacTel2- brothers and suggest mechanisms by which deoxyceramide levels may induce retinal degeneration. This is the first report of HSAN1 vs. HSAN1/MacTel2 overlap patients to comprehensively profile sphingolipid intermediates. The biochemical data here may help shed light on the pathoetiology and molecular mechanisms of MacTel2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M. Q. Wilson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sadaf Saba
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lev Prasov
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason M. L. Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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11
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New insight of metabolomics in ocular diseases in the context of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2023; 14:53-71. [PMID: 36866159 PMCID: PMC9971428 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-023-00313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics refers to the high-through untargeted or targeted screening of metabolites in biofluids, cells, and tissues. Metabolome reflects the functional states of cells and organs of an individual, influenced by genes, RNA, proteins, and environment. Metabolomic analyses help to understand the interaction between metabolism and phenotype and reveal biomarkers for diseases. Advanced ocular diseases can lead to vision loss and blindness, reducing patients' quality of life and aggravating socio-economic burden. Contextually, the transition from reactive medicine to the predictive, preventive, and personalized (PPPM / 3P) medicine is needed. Clinicians and researchers dedicate a lot of efforts to explore effective ways for disease prevention, biomarkers for disease prediction, and personalized treatments, by taking advantages of metabolomics. In this way, metabolomics has great clinical utility in the primary and secondary care. In this review, we summarized much progress achieved by applying metabolomics to ocular diseases and pointed out potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways involved to promote 3P medicine approach in healthcare.
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12
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Bonelli R, Woods SM, Lockwood S, Bishop PN, Khan KN, Bahlo M, Ansell BRE, Fruttiger M. Spatial distribution of metabolites in the retina and its relevance to studies of metabolic retinal disorders. Metabolomics 2023; 19:10. [PMID: 36745234 PMCID: PMC9902429 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primate retina has evolved regional specialisations for specific visual functions. The macula is specialised towards high acuity vision and is an area that contains an increased density of cone photoreceptors and signal processing neurons. Different regions in the retina display unique susceptibility to pathology, with many retinal diseases primarily affecting the macula. OBJECTIVES To better understand the properties of different retinal areas we studied the differential distribution of metabolites across the retina. METHODS We conducted an untargeted metabolomics analysis on full-thickness punches from three different regions (macula, temporal peri-macula and periphery) of healthy primate retina. RESULTS Nearly half of all metabolites identified showed differential abundance in at least one comparison between the three regions. Furthermore, mapping metabolomics results from macula-specific eye diseases onto our region-specific metabolite distributions revealed differential abundance defining systemic metabolic dysregulations that were region specific. CONCLUSIONS The unique metabolic phenotype of different retinal regions is likely due to the differential distribution of different cell types in these regions reflecting the specific metabolic requirements of each cell type. Our results may help to better understand the pathobiology of retinal diseases with region specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bonelli
- Population Health & Immunity Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sasha M Woods
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath St, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Sarah Lockwood
- UC Davis, CA National Primate Research Centre, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Paul N Bishop
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Kamron N Khan
- The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St. James's Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health & Immunity Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Brendan R E Ansell
- Population Health & Immunity Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Marcus Fruttiger
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath St, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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13
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Handzlik MK, Gengatharan JM, Frizzi KE, McGregor GH, Martino C, Rahman G, Gonzalez A, Moreno AM, Green CR, Guernsey LS, Lin T, Tseng P, Ideguchi Y, Fallon RJ, Chaix A, Panda S, Mali P, Wallace M, Knight R, Gantner ML, Calcutt NA, Metallo CM. Insulin-regulated serine and lipid metabolism drive peripheral neuropathy. Nature 2023; 614:118-124. [PMID: 36697822 PMCID: PMC9891999 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes represents a spectrum of disease in which metabolic dysfunction damages multiple organ systems including liver, kidneys and peripheral nerves1,2. Although the onset and progression of these co-morbidities are linked with insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia3-7, aberrant non-essential amino acid (NEAA) metabolism also contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes8-10. Serine and glycine are closely related NEAAs whose levels are consistently reduced in patients with metabolic syndrome10-14, but the mechanistic drivers and downstream consequences of this metabotype remain unclear. Low systemic serine and glycine are also emerging as a hallmark of macular and peripheral nerve disorders, correlating with impaired visual acuity and peripheral neuropathy15,16. Here we demonstrate that aberrant serine homeostasis drives serine and glycine deficiencies in diabetic mice, which can be diagnosed with a serine tolerance test that quantifies serine uptake and disposal. Mimicking these metabolic alterations in young mice by dietary serine or glycine restriction together with high fat intake markedly accelerates the onset of small fibre neuropathy while reducing adiposity. Normalization of serine by dietary supplementation and mitigation of dyslipidaemia with myriocin both alleviate neuropathy in diabetic mice, linking serine-associated peripheral neuropathy to sphingolipid metabolism. These findings identify systemic serine deficiency and dyslipidaemia as novel risk factors for peripheral neuropathy that may be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal K Handzlik
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jivani M Gengatharan
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katie E Frizzi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Grace H McGregor
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cameron Martino
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gibraan Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ana M Moreno
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Courtney R Green
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lucie S Guernsey
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Terry Lin
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Tseng
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Amandine Chaix
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Prashant Mali
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martina Wallace
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Nigel A Calcutt
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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14
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Zhang Z, Zhang S, Huang J, Cao X, Hou C, Luo Z, Wang X, Liu X, Li Q, Zhang X, Guo Y, Xiao H, Xie T, Zhou X. Association between abnormal plasma metabolism and brain atrophy in alcohol-dependent patients. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:999938. [PMID: 36583081 PMCID: PMC9792671 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.999938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, we aimed to characterize the plasma metabolic profiles of brain atrophy and alcohol dependence (s) and to identify the underlying pathogenesis of brain atrophy related to alcohol dependence. Methods We acquired the plasma samples of alcohol-dependent patients and performed non-targeted metabolomic profiling analysis to identify alterations of key metabolites in the plasma of BA-ADPs. Machine learning algorithms and bioinformatic analysis were also used to identify predictive biomarkers and investigate their possible roles in brain atrophy related to alcohol dependence. Results A total of 26 plasma metabolites were significantly altered in the BA-ADPs group when compared with a group featuring alcohol-dependent patients without brain atrophy (NBA-ADPs). Nine of these differential metabolites were further identified as potential biomarkers for BA-ADPs. Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated that these potential biomarkers exhibited good sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing BA-ADPs from NBA-ADPs. Moreover, metabolic pathway analysis suggested that glycerophospholipid metabolism may be highly involved in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced brain atrophy. Conclusion This plasma metabolomic study provides a valuable resource for enhancing our understanding of alcohol-induced brain atrophy and offers potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Hunan Institute of Mental Health, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sifang Zhang
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Hunan Institute of Mental Health, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cao
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Hunan Institute of Mental Health, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China,The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Hou
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Hunan Institute of Mental Health, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China,The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihong Luo
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Hunan Institute of Mental Health, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China,The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Hunan Institute of Mental Health, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China,The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Hunan Institute of Mental Health, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China,The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Hunan Institute of Mental Health, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China,The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Hunan Institute of Mental Health, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China,The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yujun Guo
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Hunan Institute of Mental Health, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China,The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Huiqiong Xiao
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Hunan Institute of Mental Health, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China,The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Hunan Institute of Mental Health, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China,The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Hunan Institute of Mental Health, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China,The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Xuhui Zhou,
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15
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Ciliary neurotrophic factor-mediated neuroprotection involves enhanced glycolysis and anabolism in degenerating mouse retinas. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7037. [PMID: 36396639 PMCID: PMC9672129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) acts as a potent neuroprotective cytokine in multiple models of retinal degeneration. To understand mechanisms underlying its broad neuroprotective effects, we have investigated the influence of CNTF on metabolism in a mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration. CNTF treatment improves the morphology of photoreceptor mitochondria, but also leads to reduced oxygen consumption and suppressed respiratory chain activities. Molecular analyses show elevated glycolytic pathway gene transcripts and active enzymes. Metabolomics analyses detect significantly higher levels of ATP and the energy currency phosphocreatine, elevated glycolytic pathway metabolites, increased TCA cycle metabolites, lipid biosynthetic pathway intermediates, nucleotides, and amino acids. Moreover, CNTF treatment restores the key antioxidant glutathione to the wild type level. Therefore, CNTF significantly impacts the metabolic status of degenerating retinas by promoting aerobic glycolysis and augmenting anabolic activities. These findings reveal cellular mechanisms underlying enhanced neuronal viability and suggest potential therapies for treating retinal degeneration.
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16
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Thomas ED, Timms AE, Giles S, Harkins-Perry S, Lyu P, Hoang T, Qian J, Jackson VE, Bahlo M, Blackshaw S, Friedlander M, Eade K, Cherry TJ. Cell-specific cis-regulatory elements and mechanisms of non-coding genetic disease in human retina and retinal organoids. Dev Cell 2022; 57:820-836.e6. [PMID: 35303433 PMCID: PMC9126240 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) play a critical role in the development and disease-states of all human cell types. In the retina, CREs have been implicated in several inherited disorders. To better characterize human retinal CREs, we performed single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (snATAC-seq) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) on the developing and adult human retina and on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal organoids. These analyses identified developmentally dynamic, cell-class-specific CREs, enriched transcription-factor-binding motifs, and putative target genes. CREs in the retina and organoids are highly correlated at the single-cell level, and this supports the use of organoids as a model for studying disease-associated CREs. As a proof of concept, we disrupted a disease-associated CRE at 5q14.3, confirming its principal target gene as the miR-9-2 primary transcript and demonstrating its role in neurogenesis and gene regulation in mature glia. This study provides a resource for characterizing human retinal CREs and showcases organoids as a model to study the function of CREs that influence development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Thomas
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Andrew E Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Sarah Giles
- Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sarah Harkins-Perry
- Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pin Lyu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thanh Hoang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Victoria E Jackson
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Martin Friedlander
- Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kevin Eade
- Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Timothy J Cherry
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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17
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Zhou Y, Tan W, Zou J, Cao J, Huang Q, Jiang B, Yoshida S, Li Y. Metabolomics Analyses of Mouse Retinas in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:9. [PMID: 34374743 PMCID: PMC8363770 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.10.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal neovascularization is a severe pathological process leading to irreversible blindness. This study aims to identify the altered metabolites and their related pathways that are involved in retinal neovascularization. Methods To reveal the global metabolomic profile change in the retinal neovascularization process, an untargeted metabolomics analysis of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice retinas was carried out first, followed by the validation of amino acids and their derivatives through a targeted metabolomics analysis. The involved pathways were predicted by bioinformatic analysis. Results By untargeted metabolomics, a total of 58 and 49 metabolites altered significantly in OIR retinas under cationic and anionic modes, respectively. By bioinformatics analysis, “ABC transporters,” “central carbon metabolism in cancer.” and “alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism” were the most enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways associated with the changed metabolites. By targeted metabolomics, no significant change was found in the assessed amino acids and their derivatives at postnatal day (P) 12, whereas significantly altered amino acids and their derivatives were recognized at P13, P17, and P42 in OIR retinas. Conclusions The metabolomic profile was significantly altered in the neovascularized retinas. In particular, numerous amino acids and their derivatives were significantly changed in OIR retinas. These altered metabolites, together with their associated pathways, might be involved in the pathogenesis of retinal neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
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18
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Huang H, Liu K, Ou H, Qian X, Wan J. Phgdh serves a protective role in Il‑1β induced chondrocyte inflammation and oxidative‑stress damage. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:419. [PMID: 33846783 PMCID: PMC8025466 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary pathological changes observed in osteoarthritis (OA) involve inflammation and degeneration of chondrocytes. 3‑phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh), a rate‑limiting enzyme involved in the conversion of 3‑phosphoglycerate to serine, serves as a crucial molecular component of cell growth and metabolism. However, its effects on chondrocytes in OA have not been determined. In the present study, a rat model of OA was used to investigate the expression levels of Phgdh in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the role of Phgdh in extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress levels of chondrocytes was detected in vitro. Phgdh expression was decreased in OA, and Phgdh overexpression promoted ECM synthesis, decreased levels inflammatory cytokines, such as Il‑6, TNF‑α, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 and MMP13, and decreased apoptosis. Furthermore, expression of Phgdh effectively increased expression levels of the cellular antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase 1, and decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species in chondrocytes; and this may have been regulated by a Kelch like ECH associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 axis. Taken together, these results suggest that Phgdh may be used to manage the progression of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qujing First People's Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, P.R. China
| | - Keting Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qujing First People's Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, P.R. China
| | - Hua Ou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qujing First People's Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, P.R. China
| | - Xuankun Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qujing First People's Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, P.R. China
| | - Jianshan Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qujing First People's Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, P.R. China
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19
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Bonelli R, Jackson VE, Prasad A, Munro JE, Farashi S, Heeren TFC, Pontikos N, Scheppke L, Friedlander M, Egan CA, Allikmets R, Ansell BRE, Bahlo M. Identification of genetic factors influencing metabolic dysregulation and retinal support for MacTel, a retinal disorder. Commun Biol 2021; 4:274. [PMID: 33654266 PMCID: PMC7925591 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 (MacTel) is a rare degenerative retinal disease with complex genetic architecture. We performed a genome-wide association study on 1,067 MacTel patients and 3,799 controls, which identified eight novel genome-wide significant loci (p < 5 × 10-8), and confirmed all three previously reported loci. Using MAGMA, eQTL and transcriptome-wide association analysis, we prioritised 48 genes implicated in serine-glycine biosynthesis, metabolite transport, and retinal vasculature and thickness. Mendelian randomization indicated a likely causative role of serine (FDR = 3.9 × 10-47) and glycine depletion (FDR = 0.006) as well as alanine abundance (FDR = 0.009). Polygenic risk scoring achieved an accuracy of 0.74 and was associated in UKBiobank with retinal damage (p = 0.009). This represents the largest genetic study on MacTel to date and further highlights genetically-induced systemic and tissue-specific metabolic dysregulation in MacTel patients, which impinges on retinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bonelli
- grid.1042.7Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Victoria E. Jackson
- grid.1042.7Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Aravind Prasad
- grid.1042.7Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Jacob E. Munro
- grid.1042.7Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Samaneh Farashi
- grid.1042.7Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Tjebo F. C. Heeren
- grid.436474.60000 0000 9168 0080Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Nikolas Pontikos
- grid.436474.60000 0000 9168 0080Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Lea Scheppke
- grid.489357.4The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Martin Friedlander
- grid.489357.4The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | | | - Catherine A. Egan
- grid.436474.60000 0000 9168 0080Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rando Allikmets
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Brendan R. E. Ansell
- grid.1042.7Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- grid.1042.7Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
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20
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Blasiak J, Pawlowska E, Sobczuk A, Szczepanska J, Kaarniranta K. The Aging Stress Response and Its Implication for AMD Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228840. [PMID: 33266495 PMCID: PMC7700335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging induces several stress response pathways to counterbalance detrimental changes associated with this process. These pathways include nutrient signaling, proteostasis, mitochondrial quality control and DNA damage response. At the cellular level, these pathways are controlled by evolutionarily conserved signaling molecules, such as 5’AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and sirtuins, including SIRT1. Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), encoded by the PPARGC1A gene, playing an important role in antioxidant defense and mitochondrial biogenesis, may interact with these molecules influencing lifespan and general fitness. Perturbation in the aging stress response may lead to aging-related disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the main reason for vision loss in the elderly. This is supported by studies showing an important role of disturbances in mitochondrial metabolism, DDR and autophagy in AMD pathogenesis. In addition, disturbed expression of PGC-1α was shown to associate with AMD. Therefore, the aging stress response may be critical for AMD pathogenesis, and further studies are needed to precisely determine mechanisms underlying its role in AMD. These studies can include research on retinal cells produced from pluripotent stem cells obtained from AMD donors with the mutations, either native or engineered, in the critical genes for the aging stress response, including AMPK, IGF1, MTOR, SIRT1 and PPARGC1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-426354334
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Sobczuk
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Szczepanska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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