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Chen J, Yang X, Li W, Lin Y, Lin R, Cai X, Yan B, Xie B, Li J. Potential molecular and cellular mechanisms of the effects of cuproptosis-related genes in the cardiomyocytes of patients with diabetic heart failure: a bioinformatics analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1370387. [PMID: 38883603 PMCID: PMC11176466 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1370387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for heart failure, and diabetes-induced heart failure severely affects patients' health and quality of life. Cuproptosis is a newly defined type of programmed cell death that is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease, but the molecular mechanisms involved are not well understood. Therefore, we aimed to identify biomarkers associated with cuproptosis in diabetes mellitus-associated heart failure and the potential pathological mechanisms in cardiomyocytes. Materials Cuproptosis-associated genes were identified from the previous publication. The GSE26887 dataset was downloaded from the GEO database. Methods The consistency clustering was performed according to the cuproptosis gene expression. Differentially expressed genes were identified using the limma package, key genes were identified using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA) method, and these were subjected to immune infiltration analysis, enrichment analysis, and prediction of the key associated transcription factors. Consistency clustering identified three cuproptosis clusters. The differentially expressed genes for each were identified using limma and the most critical MEantiquewhite4 module was obtained using WGCNA. We then evaluated the intersection of the MEantiquewhite4 output with the three clusters, and obtained the key genes. Results There were four key genes: HSDL2, BCO2, CORIN, and SNORA80E. HSDL2, BCO2, and CORIN were negatively associated with multiple immune factors, while SNORA80E was positively associated, and T-cells accounted for a major proportion of this relationship with the immune system. Four enriched pathways were found to be associated: arachidonic acid metabolism, peroxisomes, fatty acid metabolism, and dorsoventral axis formation, which may be regulated by the transcription factor MECOM, through a change in protein structure. Conclusion HSDL2, BCO2, CORIN, and SNORA80E may regulate cardiomyocyte cuproptosis in patients with diabetes mellitus-associated heart failure through effects on the immune system. The product of the cuproptosis-associated gene LOXL2 is probably involved in myocardial fibrosis in patients with diabetes, which leads to the development of cardiac insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Run Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianzhen Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoxin Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jilin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Xiong RQ, Li YP, Lin LP, Yao JY. Identification of potential biomarkers for diabetic cardiomyopathy using LC-MS-based metabolomics. Endocr Connect 2024; 13:e230384. [PMID: 38180052 PMCID: PMC10831537 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the metabolic alterations and specific biomarkers associated with DCM in T2DM remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive metabolomic analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to investigate the plasma metabolite profiles of T2DM patients with and without DCM. We identified significant differences in metabolite levels between the groups, highlighting the dysregulation of various metabolic pathways, including starch and sucrose metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, purine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. Although several metabolites showed altered abundance in DCM, they also shared characteristics of DCM and T2DM rather than specific to DCM. Additionally, through biomarker analyses, we identified potential biomarkers for DCM, such as cytidine triphosphate, 11-ketoetiocholanolone, saccharopine, nervonic acid, and erucic acid. These biomarkers demonstrated distinct patterns and associations with metabolic pathways related to DCM. Our findings provide insights into the metabolic changes associated with DCM in T2DM patients and highlight potential biomarkers for further validation and clinical application. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and validate the diagnostic and prognostic value of these biomarkers in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Qing Xiong
- Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, Xiamen Medical College Affiliated Second Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Fujian, China
| | - Lu-Ping Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiamen Medical College Affiliated Second Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Jeng-Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Fujian, China
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3
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Nematollahi Z, Karimian S, Taghavirashidizadeh A, Darvishi M, Pakmehr S, Erfan A, Teimoury MJ, Mansouri N, Alipourfard I. Hub genes, key miRNAs and interaction analyses in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an integrative in silico approach. Integr Biol (Camb) 2024; 16:zyae002. [PMID: 38366952 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a rising global metabolic disorder and leads to long-term consequences. As a multifactorial disease, the gene-associated mechanisms are important to know. This study applied a bioinformatics approach to explore the molecular underpinning of type 2 diabetes mellitus through differential gene expression analysis. We used microarray datasets GSE16415 and GSE29226 to identify differentially expressed genes between type 2 diabetes and normal samples using R software. Following that, using the STRING database, the protein-protein interaction network was constructed and further analyzed by Cytoscape software. The EnrichR database was used for Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis to explore key pathways and functional annotations of hub genes. We also used miRTarBase and TargetScan databases to predict miRNAs targeting hub genes. We identified 21 hub genes in type 2 diabetes, some showing more significant changes in the PPI network. Our results revealed that GLUL, SLC32A1, PC, MAPK10, MAPT, and POSTN genes are more important in the PPI network and can be experimentally investigated as therapeutic targets. Hsa-miR-492 and hsa-miR-16-5p are suggested for diagnosis and prognosis by targeting GLUL, SLC32A1, PC, MAPK10, and MAPT genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway. Insight: Type 2 diabetes, as a rising global and multifactorial disorder, is important to know the gene-associated mechanisms. In an integrative bioinformatics analysis, we integrated different finding datasets to put together and find valuable diagnostic and prognostic hub genes and miRNAs. In contrast, genes, RNAs, and enzymes interact systematically in pathways. Using multiple databases and software, we identified differential expression between hub genes of diabetes and normal samples. We explored different protein-protein interaction networks, gene ontology, key pathway analysis, and predicted miRNAs that target hub genes. This study reported 21 significant hub genes and some miRNAs in the insulin signaling pathway for innovative and potential diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiva Karimian
- Electrical and Computer Research Center, Islamic Azad University Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali Taghavirashidizadeh
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center(IDTMC), School of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amin Erfan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical and Vocational University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Neda Mansouri
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca) IBSAL and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Quaiyoom A, Kumar R. An Overview of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e121023222139. [PMID: 37842898 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998255538231001122639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a myocardial disorder that is characterised by structural and functional abnormalities of the heart muscle in the absence of hypertension, valvular heart disease, congenital heart defects, or coronary artery disease (CAD). After witnessing a particular form of cardiomyopathy in diabetic individuals, Rubler et al. came up with the moniker diabetic cardiomyopathy in 1972. Four stages of DCM are documented, and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Stage and New York Heart Association Class for HF have some overlap. Diabetes is linked to several distinct forms of heart failure. Around 40% of people with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have diabetes, which is thought to be closely associated with the pathophysiology of HFpEF. Diabetes and HF are uniquely associated in a bidirectional manner. When compared to the general population without diabetes, those with diabetes have a risk of heart failure that is up to four times higher. A biomarker is a trait that is reliably measured and assessed as a predictor of healthy biological activities, pathological processes, or pharmacologic responses to a clinical treatment. Several biomarker values have been discovered to be greater in patients with diabetes than in control subjects among those who have recently developed heart failure. Myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy are the primary characteristics of DCM, and structural alterations in the diabetic myocardium are often examined by non-invasive, reliable, and reproducible procedures. An invasive method called endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is most often used to diagnose many cardiac illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Quaiyoom
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
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D’Haese S, Verboven M, Evens L, Deluyker D, Lambrichts I, Eijnde BO, Hansen D, Bito V. Moderate- and High-Intensity Endurance Training Alleviate Diabetes-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:3950. [PMID: 37764732 PMCID: PMC10535416 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is an encouraging approach to treat cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but the impact of its intensity is not understood. We aim to investigate whether and, if so, how moderate-intensity training (MIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) alleviate adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in rats with T2DM. Male rats received standard chow (n = 10) or Western diet (WD) to induce T2DM. Hereafter, WD rats were subjected to a 12-week sedentary lifestyle (n = 8), running MIT (n = 7) or HIIT (n = 7). Insulin resistance and glucose tolerance were assessed during the oral glucose tolerance test. Plasma advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) were evaluated. Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements evaluated cardiac function. Underlying cardiac mechanisms were investigated by histology, western blot and colorimetry. We found that MIT and HIIT lowered insulin resistance and blood glucose levels compared to sedentary WD rats. MIT decreased harmful plasma AGE levels. In the heart, MIT and HIIT lowered end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular wall thickness and interstitial collagen deposition. Cardiac citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial oxidative capacity marker, raised after both exercise training modalities. We conclude that MIT and HIIT are effective in alleviating diastolic dysfunction and pathological cardiac remodeling in T2DM, by lowering fibrosis and optimizing mitochondrial capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D’Haese
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maxim Verboven
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Lize Evens
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Dorien Deluyker
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - BO Eijnde
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
- UHasselt, SMRC Sports Medical Research Center, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Division of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Dominique Hansen
- UHasselt, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Virginie Bito
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
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Poe A, Martinez Yus M, Wang H, Santhanam L. Lysyl oxidase like-2 in fibrosis and cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C694-C707. [PMID: 37458436 PMCID: PMC10635644 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00176.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is an important and essential reparative response to injury that, if left uncontrolled, results in the excessive synthesis, deposition, remodeling, and stiffening of the extracellular matrix, which is deleterious to organ function. Thus, the sustained activation of enzymes that catalyze matrix remodeling and cross linking is a fundamental step in the pathology of fibrotic diseases. Recent studies have implicated the amine oxidase lysyl oxidase like-2 (LOXL2) in this process and established significantly elevated expression of LOXL2 as a key component of profibrotic conditions in several organ systems. Understanding the relationship between LOXL2 and fibrosis as well as the mechanisms behind these relationships can offer significant insights for developing novel therapies. Here, we summarize the key findings that demonstrate the link between LOXL2 and fibrosis and inflammation, examine current therapeutics targeting LOXL2 for the treatment of fibrosis, and discuss future directions for experiments and biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Poe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Marta Martinez Yus
- Department of Anesthesiology and CCM, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Huilei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Lakshmi Santhanam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and CCM, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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7
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Chronic Ethanol Exposure Induces Deleterious Changes in Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2314-2331. [PMID: 34564802 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption in adults can induce cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, and heart failure. In newborns, prenatal alcohol exposure can increase the risk of congenital heart diseases. Understanding biological mechanisms involved in the long-term alcohol exposure-induced cardiotoxicity is pivotal to the discovery of therapeutic strategies. In this study, cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) were treated with clinically relevant doses of ethanol for various durations up to 5 weeks. The treated cells were characterized for their cellular properties and functions, and global proteomic profiling was conducted to understand the molecular changes associated with long-term ethanol exposure. Increased cell death, oxidative stress, deranged Ca2+ handling, abnormal action potential, altered contractility, and suppressed structure development were observed in ethanol-treated cells. Many dysregulated proteins identified by global proteomic profiling were involved in apoptosis, heart contraction, and extracellular collagen matrix. In addition, several signaling pathways including the Wnt and TGFβ signaling pathways were affected due to long-term ethanol treatment. Therefore, chronic ethanol treatment of hiPSC-CMs induces cardiotoxicity, impairs cardiac functions, and alters protein expression and signaling pathways. This study demonstrates the utility of hiPSC-CMs as a novel model for chronic alcohol exposure study and provides the molecular mechanisms associated with long-term alcohol exposure in human cardiomyocytes.
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Burke RM, Burgos Villar KN, Small EM. Fibroblast contributions to ischemic cardiac remodeling. Cell Signal 2021; 77:109824. [PMID: 33144186 PMCID: PMC7718345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The heart can respond to increased pathophysiological demand through alterations in tissue structure and function 1 . This process, called cardiac remodeling, is particularly evident following myocardial infarction (MI), where the blockage of a coronary artery leads to widespread death of cardiac muscle. Following MI, necrotic tissue is replaced with extracellular matrix (ECM), and the remaining viable cardiomyocytes (CMs) undergo hypertrophic growth. ECM deposition and cardiac hypertrophy are thought to represent an adaptive response to increase structural integrity and prevent cardiac rupture. However, sustained ECM deposition leads to the formation of a fibrotic scar that impedes cardiac compliance and can induce lethal arrhythmias. Resident cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are considered the primary source of ECM molecules such as collagens and fibronectin, particularly after becoming activated by pathologic signals. CFs contribute to multiple phases of post-MI heart repair and remodeling, including the initial response to CM death, immune cell (IC) recruitment, and fibrotic scar formation. The goal of this review is to describe how resident fibroblasts contribute to the healing and remodeling that occurs after MI, with an emphasis on how fibroblasts communicate with other cell types in the healing infarct scar 1 –6 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Burke
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Kimberly N Burgos Villar
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Eric M Small
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America.
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Yang N, Cao DF, Yin XX, Zhou HH, Mao XY. Lysyl oxidases: Emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110791. [PMID: 33152948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of extracellular proteins has attracted huge attention in treating human diseases. The lysyl oxidases (LOXs) are a family of secreted copper-dependent enzymes which initiate the covalent crosslinking of collagen and elastin fibers in the extracellular microenvironment, thereby facilitating extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and ECM homeostasis. Apart from ECM-dependent roles, LOXs are also involved in other biological processes such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and transcriptional regulation, especially following hypoxic stress. Dysregulation of LOXs is found to underlie the onset and progression of multiple pathologies, such as carcinogenesis and cancer metastasis, fibrotic diseases, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we make a comprehensive summarization of clinical and experimental evidences that support roles of for LOXs in disease pathology and points out LOXs as promising therapeutic targets for improving prognosis. Additionally, we also propose that LOXs reshape cell-ECM interaction or cell-cell interaction due to ECM-dependent and ECM-independent roles for LOXs. Therapeutic intervention of LOXs may have advantages in the maintenance of communication between ECM and cell or intercellular signaling, finally recovering organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Dan-Feng Cao
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Xi-Xi Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China.
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10
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Erasmus M, Samodien E, Lecour S, Cour M, Lorenzo O, Dludla P, Pheiffer C, Johnson R. Linking LOXL2 to Cardiac Interstitial Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5913. [PMID: 32824630 PMCID: PMC7460598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide. CVD pathophysiology is often characterized by increased stiffening of the heart muscle due to fibrosis, thus resulting in diminished cardiac function. Fibrosis can be caused by increased oxidative stress and inflammation, which is strongly linked to lifestyle and environmental factors such as diet, smoking, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. These factors can affect gene expression through epigenetic modifications. Lysyl oxidase like 2 (LOXL2) is responsible for collagen and elastin cross-linking in the heart, and its dysregulation has been pathologically associated with increased fibrosis. Additionally, studies have shown that, LOXL2 expression can be regulated by DNA methylation and histone modification. However, there is a paucity of data on LOXL2 regulation and its role in CVD. As such, this review aims to gain insight into the mechanisms by which LOXL2 is regulated in physiological conditions, as well as determine the downstream effectors responsible for CVD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisse Erasmus
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa; (M.E.); (E.S.); (P.D.); (C.P.)
- Department of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Ebrahim Samodien
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa; (M.E.); (E.S.); (P.D.); (C.P.)
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (HICRA), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Martin Cour
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Place d’Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France;
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Institute de Investigación Sanitaria-FJD, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Phiwayinkosi Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa; (M.E.); (E.S.); (P.D.); (C.P.)
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa; (M.E.); (E.S.); (P.D.); (C.P.)
- Department of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa; (M.E.); (E.S.); (P.D.); (C.P.)
- Department of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
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