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Shukla D, Liu Y, Zhu Y. Eco-friendly screen printing of silver nanowires for flexible and stretchable electronics. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2767-2778. [PMID: 36661027 PMCID: PMC9930198 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05840e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Screen printing is a promising route towards high throughput printed electronics. Currently, the preparation of nanomaterial based conductive inks involves complex formulations with often toxic surfactants in the ink's composition, making them unsuitable as an eco-friendly printing technology. This work reports the development of a silver nanowire (AgNW) ink with a relatively low conductive particle loading of 7 wt%. The AgNW ink involves simple formulation and comprises a biodegradable binder and a green solvent with no toxic surfactants in the ink formulation, making it an eco-friendly printing process. The formulated ink is suitable for printing on a diverse range of substrates such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI) tape, glass, and textiles. By tailoring the rheological behaviour of the ink and developing a one-step post-printing process, a minimum feature size of 50 μm and conductivity as high as 6.70 × 106 S m-1 was achieved. Use of a lower annealing temperature of 150 °C makes the process suitable for plastic substrates. A flexible textile heater and a wearable hydration sensor were fabricated using the reported AgNW ink to demonstrate its potential for wearable electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darpan Shukla
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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2
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Garrido M, Barrejón M, Berrocal JA, Syrgiannis Z, Prato M. Polyaromatic cores for the exfoliation of popular 2D materials. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8986-8994. [PMID: 35699137 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00894g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted interest from the scientific community due to their unique properties. The production of these materials has been carried out by diverse methodologies, the liquid phase exfoliation being the most promising one due to its simplicity and potential scalability. The use of several stabilizers allows to obtain dispersions of these 2D nanomaterials in solvents with low boiling points. Herein we describe a general exfoliation method for different 2D materials employing a biphasic water/dichloromethane system and two different (poly)aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This method allows us to obtain dispersions of the exfoliated 2D materials with high concentrations in the organic solvent. Due to the low boiling point of dichloromethane, and therefore its easy removal, the obtained dispersions can be employed as additives for different composites. We corroborate that the exfoliation efficiency is improved due to the π-π and van der Waals interactions between the PAHs and the layers of the 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Myriam Barrejón
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
- Neural Repair and Biomaterials Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - José Augusto Berrocal
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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Ogilvie SP, Large MJ, O’Mara MA, Sehnal AC, Amorim Graf A, Lynch PJ, Cass AJ, Salvage JP, Alfonso M, Poulin P, King AAK, Dalton AB. Nanosheet-Stabilized Emulsions: Near-Minimum Loading and Surface Energy Design of Conductive Networks. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1963-1973. [PMID: 35107970 PMCID: PMC9007533 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we develop a framework for assembly, understanding, and application of functional emulsions stabilized by few-layer pristine two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets. Liquid-exfoliated graphene and MoS2 are demonstrated to stabilize emulsions at ultralow nanosheet volume fractions, approaching the minimum loading achievable with 2D materials. These nanosheet-stabilized emulsions allow controlled droplet deposition free from the coffee ring effect to facilitate single-droplet devices from minute quantities of material or assembly into large-area films with high network conductivity. To broaden the range of compositions and subsequent applications, an understanding of emulsion stability and orientation in terms of surface energy of the three phases is developed. Importantly, this model facilitates determination of the surface energies of the nanosheets themselves and identifies strategies based on surface tension and pH to allow design of emulsion structures. Finally, this approach is used to prepare conductive silicone emulsion composites with a record-low loading level and excellent electromechanical sensitivity. The versatility of these nanosheet-stabilized emulsions illustrates their potential for low-loading composites, thin-film formation and surface energy determination, and the design of functional structures for a range of segregated network applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam J. Cass
- University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marco Alfonso
- Centre
de Recherche Paul Pascal - CNRS, University of Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Philippe Poulin
- Centre
de Recherche Paul Pascal - CNRS, University of Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
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Saha A, Bajpai A, Krishna V, Bhattacharya S. Evolving Paradigm of Prothrombin Time Diagnostics with Its Growing Clinical Relevance towards Cardio-Compromised and COVID-19 Affected Population. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2636. [PMID: 33918646 PMCID: PMC8068903 DOI: 10.3390/s21082636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Prothrombin time (PT) is a significant coagulation (hemostasis) biomarker used to diagnose several thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications based on its direct correlation with the physiological blood clotting time. Among the entire set of PT dependents, candidates with cardiovascular ailments are the major set of the population requiring lifelong anticoagulation therapy and supervised PT administration. Additionally, the increasing incidence of COVID affected by complications in coagulation dynamics has been strikingly evident. Prolonged PT along with sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC score > 3) has been found to be very common in critical COVID or CAC-affected cases. Considering the growing significance of an efficient point-of-care PT assaying platform to counter the increasing fatalities associated with cardio-compromised and coagulation aberrations propping up from CAC cases, the following review discusses the evolution of lab-based PT to point of care (PoC) PT assays. Recent advances in the field of PoC PT devices utilizing optics, acoustics, and mechanical and electrochemical methods in microsensors to detect blood coagulation are further elaborated. Thus, the following review holistically aims to motivate the future PT assay designers/researchers by detailing the relevance of PT and associated protocols for cardio compromised and COVID affected along with the intricacies of previously engineered PoC PT diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhuti Saha
- Design Program, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India;
- Microsystems Fabrication Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ashutosh Bajpai
- LPS Institute of Cardiology, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur 208002, India; (A.B.); (V.K.)
| | - Vinay Krishna
- LPS Institute of Cardiology, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur 208002, India; (A.B.); (V.K.)
| | - Shantanu Bhattacharya
- Design Program, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India;
- Microsystems Fabrication Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
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Thanh Tung T, Chen SJ, Fumeaux C, Kim T, Losic D. N-doped reduced graphene oxide-PEDOT nanocomposites for implementation of a flexible wideband antenna for wearable wireless communication applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:245711. [PMID: 33690186 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abed04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a flexible and highly efficient wideband slot antenna based on a highly conductive composite of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and N-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-doped rGO) for wearable applications. The high conductivity of this hybrid material with low sheet resistance of 0.56 Ω/square, substantial thickness of 55μm, and excellent mechanical resilience (<5.5% resistance change after 1000 bending cycles) confirmed this composite to be a suitable antenna conductor. The antenna achieved an estimated conduction efficiency close to 80% over a bandwidth from 3 to 8 GHz. Moreover, the successful operation of a realized antenna prototype has been demonstrated in free space and as part of a wearable camera system. The read range of the system was measured to be 271.2 m, which is 23 m longer than that of the original monopole antennas provided by the supplier. The synergistic effects between the dual conjugated structures of N-doped rGO and PEDOT in a single composite with fine distribution and interfacial interactions are critical to the demonstrated material performance. The N-doped rGO sheet reinforces the mechanical stability whereas the PEDOT functions as additive and/or binder, leading to an improved electrical and mechanical performance compared to that of the graphene and PEDOT alone. This high-performing nanocomposite material meets requirements for antenna design and opens the door for diverse future non-metallic flexible electronic device developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thanh Tung
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Shengjian Jammy Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christophe Fumeaux
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - TaeYoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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