Proteomic identification of the proteins related to cigarette smoke-induced cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats

In Vitro Exposure to Glucose Alters the Expression of Phosphorylated Proteins in Platelets

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a pro-thrombotic state that can potentially cause serious cardiovascular complications. Platelet hyperactivation plays an important role in these pathological processes, however there is little or no information on the effect of hyperglycemia on platelet proteins. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular targets associated with platelet reactivity under hyperglycemia. Towards this goal, we examined the effects of the exposure of platelets to 1 and 2 h glucose (300 mg/dL) and control (vehicle and osmolality control using mannitol) on platelet proteins (n = 4 samples per group) using two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry. Two-hour exposure to glucose significantly up-regulated the expression of ATP synthase subunit beta, filamin-A, and L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain in platelets. Pro-Q Diamond staining confirmed the effect of 2 h glucose on vinculin, heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha, filamin-A, and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A (platelet phosphorylated proteins). The identified proteins are involved in various cellular processes and functions and possibly in platelet reactivity under hyperglycemic conditions.

Proteomics analysis in myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Hypertension-related left ventricular hypertrophy is recognized as a good predictor of adverse cardiovascular events. However, the underlying mechanism of left ventricular hypertrophy is still not fully understood. This study employed liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to investigate global changes in protein profile in myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rat, a classical animal model of essential hypertension. There were 369 differentially expressed proteins in myocardium between spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive rats. Xenobiotic catabolic process, cholesterol binding and mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase were found to be the most significantly enriched biological process, molecular function and cellular component terms of Gene Ontology, respectively. Drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 was revealed to be the most significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase was found to have the most interactions with other proteins. Differentially expressed proteins involved in xenobiotic catabolic process, lipid transport and metabolism, mitochondrial function might be targets for further study of hypertension-related left ventricular hypertrophy.

Analysis of the Serum Peptidomics Profile for Cats With Sarcomeric Gene Mutation and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has a complex phenotype that is partly explained by genetic variants related to this disease. The serum peptidome profile is a promising approach to define clinically relevant biomarkers. This study aimed to classify peptide patterns in serum samples between cats with sarcomeric gene mutations and normal cats.

Materials and Methods: In the total serum samples from 31 cats, several essential proteins were identified by peptidomics analysis. The 5,946 peptides were differentially expressed in cats with sarcomeric gene mutations compared with cats without mutations.

Results: Our results demonstrated characteristic protein expression in control cats, Maine Coon cats, and Maine Coon cats with gene mutations. In cats with gene mutations, peptide expression profiling showed an association with three peptides, Cytochrome 3a132 (CYP3A132), forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), and ArfGAP, with GTPase domains, ankyrin repeats, and PH domain 2 (AGAP2).

Discussion: The serum peptidome of cats with mutations might provide supporting evidence for the dysregulation of metabolic and structural proteins. Genetic and peptidomics investigations may help elucidate the phenotypic variability of HCM and treatment targets to reduce morbidity and mortality of HCM in cats.

Relationship between HSPA1A-regulated gene expression and alternative splicing in mouse cardiomyocytes and cardiac hypertrophy

Background

Cardiac hypertrophy may be classified as either physiological or pathological. Pathological hypertrophy has a complex etiology and is genetically regulated. In this study, we used a mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy to explore the mechanisms of gene regulation, in particular, modulation of the expression of target genes through transcription factor activity, regulation of immune and inflammation-associated genes and regulation of the alternative splicing of transcription factors.

Methods

Mouse models of pathological cardiac hypertrophy were established by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). We overexpressed HSPA1A in mouse cardiac HL-1 cells. GO and KEGG pathway annotation database was used to analyze all DEGs.

Results

The expression of HSPA1A differed significantly between TAC + dantrolene vs. sham + dantrolene (Sham was the non-TAC group, and DMSO was the contrast agent), and TAC + DMSO vs. sham + DMSO. The RNA-binding protein Zfp36 was found to be differentially expressed between both TAC + dantrolene vs. sham + dantrolene and TAC + DMSO vs. sham + DMSO. The expression of mki67 and gm5619 was significantly different between TAC + dantrolene and TAC + DMSO. HSPA1A was found to selectively regulate the expression of non-coding RNAs related to cardiac hypertrophy, including Rn7sk and RMRP. The downregulated genes were mainly related to inflammation and the immune response. HSPA1A negatively regulated alternative splicing of Asxl2 and positively regulated alternative splicing of Runx1.

Conclusions

HSPA1A was closely related to cardiac hypertrophy. Zfp36 was also related to cardiac hypertrophy. Dantrolene may delay cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular remodeling by regulating the expression of the RNA-binding protein genes mki67 and gm5619. HSPA1A positively regulated the expression of the non-coding RNAs RN7SK and RMRP while negatively regulating the expression of inflammation- and immune response-related genes. HSPA1A can play a role in cardiac hypertrophy by regulating the alternative splicing of asxl2 and runx1.