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Mitroi AF, Leopa N, Dumitru E, Dumitru A, Tocia C, Popescu I, Mitroi A, Popescu RC. TCF7L2, CASC8, and GREM1 polymorphism and colorectal cancer in south-eastern Romanian population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33056. [PMID: 36800588 PMCID: PMC9936048 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease with an increasing trend and with multiple epigenetic alterations and different molecular features, a major cause of mortality and morbidity. The Wnt/β-Catenin pathway is involved in multiple aspects of cell dynamics, architecture of developing gastrointestinal tissues, and intestinal tissue homeostasis in adults, but its aberrant activity plays an important role in every aspect of colorectal carcinogenesis. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of the TCF7L2 rs7903146, CASC8 rs6983267, and Gremlin1 (GREM1) rs16969681 polymorphism in patients with CRC without other pathologies. A case-control study conducted on 31 patients diagnosed with CRC and 30 healthy controls age and sex-matched with the patients. Real time PCR was used to determine the genotypes of rs7903146, rs698267, rs1696981. We observed no association between rs6983267 and rs16969681 polymorphism and risk of CRC and low association between TCF7L2, rs7903146, polymorphism and risk of CRC. The recessive model of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 had an OR of 1.6 (95% CI 0.058-4.414, P < .05) which means that TT genotype increased the risk and possibility of development of CRC. Our study did not confirm a significant association between TCF7L2 rs7903146, CASC8 rs6983267, and GREM1 rs16969681 with CRC, but emphasizes the possibility of existence of a high risk of CRC development in patients with TT genotype of rs7903146.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Florentina Mitroi
- Department of Pathology, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, Romania
- Ovidius University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Leopa
- Ovidius University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Romania
- Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, Romania
- * Correspondence: Nicoleta Leopa, Ovidius University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, 900470, Romania (e-mail: )
| | - Eugen Dumitru
- Ovidius University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, Romania
| | - Andrei Dumitru
- Ovidius University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, Romania
| | - Cristina Tocia
- Ovidius University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, Romania
| | - Ioana Popescu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, Romania
| | - Adrian Mitroi
- Ovidius University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Romania
| | - Răzvan Cătălin Popescu
- Ovidius University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Romania
- Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, Romania
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Liau XL, Salvamani S, Gunasekaran B, Chellappan DK, Rhodes A, Ulaganathan V, Tiong YL. CCAT 1- A Pivotal Oncogenic Long Non-Coding RNA in Colorectal Cancer. Br J Biomed Sci 2023; 80:11103. [PMID: 37025163 PMCID: PMC10070472 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2023.11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the third most common cancer and second deadliest cancer in both men and women in the world. Currently, the cure rate and 5-year survival rate of CRC patients remain relatively low. Therefore, discovering a novel molecular biomarker that can be used to improve CRC screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment would be beneficial. Long non-coding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT 1) has been found overexpressed in CRC and is associated with CRC tumorigenesis and treatment outcome. CCAT 1 has a high degree of specificity and sensitivity, it is readily detected in CRC tissues and is significantly overexpressed in both premalignant and malignant CRC tissues. Besides, CCAT 1 is associated with clinical manifestation and advanced features of CRC, such as lymph node metastasis, high tumor node metastasis stage, differentiation, invasion, and distant metastasis. In addition, they can upregulate oncogenic c-MYC and negatively modulate microRNAs via different mechanisms of action. Furthermore, dysregulated CCAT 1 also enhances the chemoresistance in CRC cells while downregulation of them reverses the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells. In brief, CCAT 1 serves as a potential screening, diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in CRC, it also serves as a potential therapeutic marker to treat CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiew Leng Liau
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Salvamani
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Shamala Salvamani, ; Baskaran Gunasekaran,
| | - Baskaran Gunasekaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Shamala Salvamani, ; Baskaran Gunasekaran,
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anthony Rhodes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vaidehi Ulaganathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Lian Tiong
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Long non-coding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript 2: role and function in human cancers. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2785-2797. [PMID: 36103972 PMCID: PMC9945556 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a family of non-protein-coding RNAs that span a length of over 200 nucleotides. Research reports have illustrated that lncRNAs are involved in various cellular processes and that their abnormal expression leads to the occurrence and development of various tumors. Colon cancer-associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) was first reported as an oncogene in colon cancer. LncRNA CCAT2 is abnormally expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, glioma, and other tumors. In tumor tissues, abnormally overexpressed CCAT2 can affect cell proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, and other biological behaviors through endogenous RNAs mechanisms, various signaling pathways, transcriptional regulation, and other complex mechanisms. Additionally, the overexpression of CCAT2 is also closely related to the tumor size, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, survival time, and other prognostic factors, suggesting that it is a potential prognostic indicator. This article reviews the biological functions of CCAT2 and its mechanisms of action in tumors from previous studies. In this review, we attempt to provide a molecular basis for future clinical applications of lncRNA CCAT2.
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Panahi-Moghadam S, Hassani S, Farivar S, Vakhshiteh F. Emerging Role of Enhancer RNAs as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8050066. [PMID: 36287118 PMCID: PMC9607539 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8050066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancers are distal cis-acting elements that are commonly recognized to regulate gene expression via cooperation with promoters. Along with regulating gene expression, enhancers can be transcribed and generate a class of non-coding RNAs called enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). The current discovery of abundant tissue-specific transcription of enhancers in various diseases such as cancers raises questions about the potential role of eRNAs in disease diagnosis and therapy. This review aimed to demonstrate the current understanding of eRNAs in cancer research with a focus on the potential roles of eRNAs as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Panahi-Moghadam
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Shirin Farivar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Correspondence:
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Wang Y, Liu X, Zhang Z. Enhancer RNA (eRNA) in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911582. [PMID: 36232885 PMCID: PMC9569849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) transcribed from enhancer regions, serve as a type of critical regulatory element in gene expression. There is increasing evidence demonstrating that the aberrant expression of eRNAs can be broadly detected in various human diseases. Some studies also revealed the potential clinical utility of eRNAs in these diseases. In this review, we summarized the recent studies regarding the pathological mechanisms of eRNAs as well as their potential utility across human diseases, including cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases. It could help us to understand how eRNAs are engaged in the processes of diseases and to obtain better insight of eRNAs in diagnosis, prognosis or therapy. The studies we reviewed here indicate the enormous therapeutic potency of eRNAs across human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhe Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: author: (X.L.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-5423-7896 (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: author: (X.L.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-5423-7896 (Z.Z.)
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Yang S, Zhou J, Chen Z, Sun Q, Zhang D, Feng Y, Wang X, Sun Y. A novel m7G-related lncRNA risk model for predicting prognosis and evaluating the tumor immune microenvironment in colon carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:934928. [PMID: 35992788 PMCID: PMC9386370 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.934928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N7-Methylguanosine (m7G) modifications are a common type of posttranscriptional RNA modifications. Its function in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has garnered widespread focus in the past few years. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) played an essential part in tumor development and are closely associated with the tumor immune microenvironment. In this study, we employed a comprehensive bioinformatics approach to develop an m7G-associated lncRNA prognostic model based on the colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) database from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to identify m7G-related lncRNAs. Differential gene expression analysis was used to screen lncRNAs. Then, we gained 88 differentially expressed m7G-related lncRNAs. Univariate Cox analysis and Lasso regression analysis were performed to build an eight-m7G-related-lncRNA (ELFN1-AS1, GABPB1-AS1, SNHG7, GS1-124K5.4, ZEB1-AS1, PCAT6, C1RL-AS1, MCM3AP-AS1) risk model. Consensus clustering analysis was applied to identify the m7G-related lncRNA subtypes. We also verified the risk prediction effect of a gene signature in the GSE17536 test set (177 patients). A nomogram was constructed to predict overall survival rates. Furthermore, we analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high-risk and low-risk groups. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were conducted with the analyzed DEGs. At last, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), CIBERSORT, MCP-COUNTER, and Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithms were utilized to discover the relationship between the risk model and the TME. Consequently, the m7G-related lncRNA risk model for COAD patients could be a viable prognostic tool and treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyang Sun
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifei Feng
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yueming Sun, ; Xiaowei Wang,
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yueming Sun, ; Xiaowei Wang,
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Ji Y, Yang Y, Yin Z. Polymorphisms in lncRNA CCAT1 on the susceptibility of lung cancer in a Chinese northeast population: A case-control study. Cancer Med 2022; 12:500-512. [PMID: 35650713 PMCID: PMC9844612 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECT To explore the association of rs1948915, rs7013433 in long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) CCAT1 and rs6983267 in MYC enhancer region with the risk of lung cancer in a Chinese northeast population, a case-control study was conducted. METHODS The hospital-based case-control study contained 669 lung cancer patients and 697 healthy controls. Taqman® Probe allele resolution was used for genotyping. The differences between the case-control groups were analyzed using Student t-test and chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the genotypes and the risk of lung cancer. Cross-generation analysis was used to explore the relationship between gene-environment interaction and lung cancer. RESULTS There was no association between the three selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the susceptibility of lung cancer. Rs1948915 CT was correlated with lung adenocarcinoma. In female stratification, rs1948915 CT/CC was associated with a decreased susceptibility of lung cancer significantly. Additionally, the additive and multiplicative interaction models showed that there was no interaction between the three selected SNPs and smoking status in lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS There may be an association between lung adenocarcinoma and rs1948915 polymorphism in the Chinese northeast population, while rs7013433 and rs6983267 might have no association. There was no interaction between the three selected SNPs and smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtao Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPeople's Republic of China
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8
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Wang N, Li J, He J, Jing YG, Zhao WD, Yu WJ, Wang J. Knockdown of lncRNA CCAT1 Inhibits the Progression of Colorectal Cancer via hsa-miR-4679 Mediating the Downregulation of GNG10. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8930813. [PMID: 35005034 PMCID: PMC8739552 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8930813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Great concerns have raised crucial roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) on colorectal cancer progression due to the increasing number of studies in cancer development. Previous studies reveal that lncRNA CCAT1 plays an important role in the progression of a variety of cancers. However, the role of lncRNA CCAT1 in colorectal cancer is still unclear. In this study, we found that in both colorectal tissues and cell lines the level of lncRNA CCAT1 was increased. Downregulation of lncRNA CCAT1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cell lines and promoted apoptosis. We then found that hsa-miR-4679 could bind to lncRNA CCAT1 directly, and with further functional analyses, we confirmed that lncRNA CCAT1 sponged hsa-miR-4679 to promote the progression of colorectal cancer. Next, we found that hsa-miR-4679 was directly bound to 3'UTR of GNG10 (guanine nucleotide-binding protein, gamma 10). GNG10 overexpression promoted the progression of colorectal cancer, and this phenotype could be reversed by miR-4679 mimics. At last, we knocked down CCAT1 in vivo and found that sh-CCAT1 reduced the tumor size and the number of proliferating cells. In summary, our findings revealed that lncRNA CCAT1 facilitated colorectal cancer progression via the hsa-miR-4679/GNG10 axis and provided new potential therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Ju He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Yong-Guang Jing
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Wei-dong Zhao
- Laboratory Department, School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Wen-jin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
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Kalhori MR, Soleimani M, Arefian E, Alizadeh AM, Mansouri K, Echeverria J. The potential role of miR-1290 in cancer progression, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment: An oncomiR or onco-suppressor microRNA? J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:506-531. [PMID: 34897783 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in humans because of the lack of early diagnosis, distant metastases, and the resistance to adjuvant therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In addition to playing an essential role in tumor progression and development, microRNAs (miRNAs) can be used as a robust biomarker in the early detection of cancer. MiR-1290 was discovered for the first time in human embryonic stem cells, and under typical physiological situations, plays an essential role in neuronal differentiation and neural stem cell proliferation. Its coding sequence is located at the 1p36.13 regions in the first intron of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 gene member A1. miR-1290 is out of control in many cancers such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and plays a vital role in their development. Therefore, it is suggested that miR-1290 can be considered as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in many cancers. In addition to the importance of miR-1290 in the noninvasive diagnosis of various cancers, this systematic review study discussed the role of miR-1290 in altering the expression of different genes involved in cancer development and chemo-radiation resistance. Moreover, it considered the regulatory effect of natural products on miR-1290 expression and the interaction of lncRNAs by miR-1290.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Kalhori
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Virology Lab, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javier Echeverria
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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The Roles of the Colon Cancer Associated Transcript 2 (CCAT2) Long Non-Coding RNA in Cancer: A Comprehensive Characterization of the Tumorigenic and Molecular Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212491. [PMID: 34830370 PMCID: PMC8620102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer-associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) is an intensively studied lncRNA with important regulatory roles in cancer. As such, cumulative studies indicate that CCAT2 displays a high functional versatility due to its direct interaction with multiple RNA binding proteins, transcription factors, and other species of non-coding RNA, especially microRNA. The definitory mechanisms of CCAT2 are its role as a regulator of the TCF7L2 transcription factor, enhancer of MYC expression, and activator of the WNT/β-catenin pathway, as well as a role in promoting and maintaining chromosome instability through the BOP1–AURKB pathway. Additionally, we highlight how the encompassing rs6983267 SNP has been shown to confer CCAT2 with allele-specific functional and structural particularities, such as the allelic-specific reprogramming of glutamine metabolism. Additionally, we emphasize CCAT2’s role as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for multiple tumor suppressor miRNAs, such as miR-4496, miR-493, miR-424, miR-216b, miR-23b, miR-34a, miR-145, miR-200b, and miR-143 and the pro-tumorigenic role of the altered regulatory axis. Additionally, due to its upregulation in tumor tissues, wide distribution across cancer types, and presence in serum samples, we outline CCAT2’s potential as a biomarker and disease indicator and its implications for the development of resistance against current cancer therapy regiments and metastasis.
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Lam KK, Thean LF, Cheah PY. Advances in colorectal cancer genomics and transcriptomics drive early detection and prevention. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 137:106032. [PMID: 34182137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a high incidence cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The advances in genomics and transcriptomics in the past decades have improved the detection and prevention of CRC in familial CRC syndromes. Nevertheless, the ultimate goal of personalized medicine for sporadic CRC is still not within reach due no less to the difficulty in integrating population disparity and clinical data to combat what essentially is a very heterogenous disease. This minireview highlights the achievement of the past decades and present possible direction in the hope of early detection and metastasis prevention for reducing CRC-associated morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen Kuen Lam
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lai Fun Thean
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peh Yean Cheah
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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