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Dash MK, Joshi N, Dwivedi L, Dubey VS, Dwivedi KN. Characterization of lead sulfide obtained from Naga Bhasma. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100864. [PMID: 38527393 PMCID: PMC10979094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead sulfide nanoparticles were manufactured from lead oxide using a procedure described in the Ayurveda formulary of India, which involved using a quantum of the heat of up to 60 puta, which is officially known as the Shasti puta Naga Bhasma. OBJECTIVE The study shows sulfurization of nanoparticles decreased their toxicity due to the lower solubility. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present work used the arsenic sulfide media and traditional puta for processing and the characterization of the same has been conducted. Different analytical techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-Ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermo-gravimetry analysis (TGA) were used. RESULTS Powder x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis all showed that the produced nanoparticles are lead sulfide nanoparticles with a particle size of an average of 84.60 and the crystalline average size of 69.06 nm. CONCLUSION The rounded, rod, oval, cubic, and circular morphology of the produced lead sulfide nanoparticles can be seen in the SEM image. The stretching and bending functional groups in the sample were alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, alkyl carboxylic acids, alkyl alpha, beta-unsaturated, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid, aliphatic amines, primary amines, secondary amines, alkyl halides, are studied through the FTIR spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Dash
- Dept. of Rasashastra, Govt. Ayurveda College, Raipur, C.G, India.
| | - Namrata Joshi
- Dept. of Rasashastra, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | | | - Vd Sushil Dubey
- Dept. of Kriya Sarira, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, India
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Okamura Y, Shimizu R, Tominaga Y, Maki S, Aki T, Matsumura Y, Nakashimada Y. Characterization of Biogenic PbS Quantum Dots. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14149. [PMID: 37762453 PMCID: PMC10531774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals in a polluted environment are toxic to life. However, some microorganisms can remove or immobilize heavy metals through biomineralization. These bacteria also form minerals with compositions similar to those of semiconductors. Here, this bioprocess was used to fabricate semiconductors with low energy consumption and cost. Bacteria that form lead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles were screened, and the crystallinity and semiconductor properties of the resulting nanoparticles were characterized. Bacterial consortia that formed PbS nanoparticles were obtained. Extracellular particle size ranged from 3.9 to 5.5 nm, and lattice fringes were observed. The lattice fringes and electron diffraction spectra corresponded to crystalline PbS. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of bacterial PbS exhibited clear diffraction peaks. The experimental and theoretical data of the diffraction angles on each crystal plane of polycrystalline PbS were in good agreement. Synchrotron XRD measurements showed no crystalline impurity-derived peaks. Thus, bacterial biomineralization can form ultrafine crystalline PbS nanoparticles. Optical absorption and current-voltage measurements of PbS were obtained to characterize the semiconductor properties; the results showed semiconductor quantum dot behavior. Moreover, the current increased under light irradiation when PbS nanoparticles were used. These results suggest that biogenic PbS has band gaps and exhibits the general fundamental characteristics of a semiconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Okamura
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; (T.A.); (Y.N.)
- Graduate School of Advanced Science of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan (Y.T.)
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan;
- Consolidated Research for Biogenic Nanomaterials, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan;
| | - Ryo Shimizu
- Graduate School of Advanced Science of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Yoriko Tominaga
- Graduate School of Advanced Science of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan (Y.T.)
- Consolidated Research for Biogenic Nanomaterials, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan;
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Sachiko Maki
- Consolidated Research for Biogenic Nanomaterials, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan;
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tsunehiro Aki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; (T.A.); (Y.N.)
- Graduate School of Advanced Science of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan (Y.T.)
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan;
| | - Yukihiko Matsumura
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan;
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakashimada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; (T.A.); (Y.N.)
- Graduate School of Advanced Science of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan (Y.T.)
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan;
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Lai YJ, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Synthesis of a novel solid mediator Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysis Fe 3O 4/C/uio66-nh 2: Used for oxidation of Rh6G in water. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116264. [PMID: 37270081 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel mediator Z-scheme photocatalyst, Fe3O4/C/UiO-66-NH2, was designed, synthesized, and characterized using SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, EPR, and XPS. Formulas #1 to #7 were examined using dye Rh6G dropwise tests. Carbonization of glucose forms the mediator carbon, which connects two semiconductors, Fe3O4 and UiO-66-NH2, to construct the Z-scheme photocatalyst. Formula #1 generates a composite with photocatalyst activity. The band gap measurements of the constituent semiconductors support the mechanisms for the Rh6G degradation using this novel Z-scheme photocatalyst. The successful synthesis and characterization of the proposed novel Z-scheme confirm the feasibility of the tested design protocol for environmental purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-li, 32003, Taiwan.
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Cruz B, Balderas I, Gómez I. Aqueous synthesis of red fluorescent l-cysteine functionalized Cu 2S quantum dots with potential application as an As(iii) aptasensor. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18946-18952. [PMID: 37362604 PMCID: PMC10286222 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02886k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-stable Cu2S quantum dots were obtained by applying l-cysteine as a Cu(ii) to Cu(i) reducer and stabilizer in water and using an inert atmosphere at ambient temperature. The obtained quantum dots were characterized by STEM, XRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis, Raman, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The synthesis was optimized to achieve Cu2S quantum dots with an average diameter of about 9 nm that show red fluorescence emission. l-cysteine stabilization mediates crystallite growth, avoids aggregation of the quantum dots, and allows water solubility through polar functional groups, improving the fluorescence. The fluorometric test in the presence of the aptamer showed a shift in fluorescence intensity when an aliquot of As(iii) with a concentration of 100 pmol l-1 is incorporated because As(iii) and the used aptamer make a complex, leaving free the quantum dots and recovering their fluorescence response. The developed Cu2S quantum dots open possibilities for fluorescent detection of different analytes by simply changing aptamers according to the analyte to be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Cruz
- Laboratorio de Materiales I, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
| | - Isaías Balderas
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Genómica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
| | - Idalia Gómez
- Laboratorio de Materiales I, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
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Kurtina DA, Grafova VP, Vasil’eva IS, Maksimov SV, Zaytsev VB, Vasiliev RB. Induction of Chirality in Atomically Thin ZnSe and CdSe Nanoplatelets: Strengthening of Circular Dichroism via Different Coordination of Cysteine-Based Ligands on an Ultimate Thin Semiconductor Core. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1073. [PMID: 36770081 PMCID: PMC9920291 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chiral nanostructures exhibiting different absorption of right- and left-handed circularly polarized light are of rapidly growing interest due to their potential applications in various fields. Here, we have studied the induction of chirality in atomically thin (0.6-1.2 nm thick) ZnSe and CdSe nanoplatelets grown by a colloidal method and coated with L-cysteine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine ligands. We conducted an analysis of the optical and chiroptical properties of atomically thin ZnSe and CdSe nanoplatelets, which was supplemented by a detailed analysis of the composition and coordination of ligands. Different signs of circular dichroism were shown for L-cysteine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine ligands, confirmed by different coordination of these ligands on the basal planes of nanoplatelets. A maximum value of the dissymmetry factor of (2-3) × 10-3 was found for N-acetyl-L-cysteine ligand in the case of the thinnest nanoplatelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A. Kurtina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria P. Grafova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina S. Vasil’eva
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Maksimov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir B. Zaytsev
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman B. Vasiliev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Su Z, Li X, Xi Y, Xie T, Liu Y, Liu B, Liu H, Xu W, Zhang C. Microbe-mediated transformation of metal sulfides: Mechanisms and environmental significance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153767. [PMID: 35157862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms play a key role in the natural circulation of various constituent elements of metal sulfides. Some microorganisms (such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans) can promote the oxidation of metal sulfides to increase the release of heavy metals. However, other microorganisms (such as Desulfovibrio vulgaris) can transform heavy metals into metal sulfides crystals. Therefore, insight into the metal sulfides transformation mediated by microorganisms is of great significance to environmental protection. In this review, first, we discuss the mechanism and influencing factors of microorganisms transforming heavy metals into metal sulfides crystals in different environments. Then, we explore three microbe-mediated transformation forms of heavy metals to metal sulfides and their environmental applications: (1) transformation to metal sulfides precipitation for metal resource recovery; (2) transformation to metal sulfides nanoparticles (NPs) for pollutant treatment; (3) transformation to "metal sulfides-microbe" biohybrid system for clean energy production and pollutant remediation. Finally, we further provide critical views on the application of microbe-mediated metal sulfides transformation in the environmental field and discuss the need for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Su
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Yanni Xi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Tanghuan Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Huinian Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Weihua Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Lai YJ, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Synthesis of a novel solid mediator Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysis CuFe 2O 4/Cu/UiO-66-NH 2 for oxidation of dye in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:134080. [PMID: 35218783 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal mediator Z-scheme photocatalyst comprises three elements: two semiconductors and a sandwiched metal mediator, so the catalyst can effectively degrade pollutants using visible lights. Proper design and synthesis of Z-scheme with targeted performance has not been systematically proposed. This work proposed the protocol to design and synthesize a Z-scheme photocatalyst with targeted performance. A novel metal mediator Z-scheme photocatalyst CuFe2O4/Cu/UiO-66-NH2 was used to implement the design proposal. After determining synthesis protocol from the theory, the concentrations of three reagents - glucose, l-cysteine, and precursor of UiO-66-NH2 for synthesizing Z-scheme photocatalyst were revised to achieve successful photocatalyst. Dropwise photocatalytic tests were performed to confirm the activities of the synthesized catalysts using 0.112 mmol/mL UiO-66-NH2 precursor, 10 mmol/mL glucose, and 1 mmol/mL l-cysteine yielded effective photocatalyst to degrade rhodamine 6G. The dye degradation tests and EPR tests confirmed the successful synthesis of the designed Z-scheme photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong.
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Ci M, Yang W, Jin H, Hu L, Fang C, Shen D, Long Y. Evolution of sulfate reduction behavior in leachate saturated zones in landfills. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 141:52-62. [PMID: 35093856 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The sulfate reduction behavior of the landfill leachate saturated zone under different temperatures was investigated. The results showed that temperature had significant effects on sulfate reduction behavior. The sulfate reduction efficiency was the highest at high temperatures (55 °C and 45 °C), followed by mesophilic temperature (35 °C). Normal temperature 25 °C was far less effective than 55 °C, 45 °C and 35 °C. High abundances of aprA and dsrA genes were distributed under high temperatures. Through indicator species analysis and functional comparison, some key taxa were identified as putative key genera for sulfate reduction. Under high temperature, Paenibacillus could effectively degrade dimethyl sulfide. DsrAB is present in the genome of Tissierella. Gordonia, Syntrophomonas, and Lysinibacillus under mesophilic temperature indicates the potential of these organisms to degrade heterogenous biomass, environmental pollutants or other natural polymers with slow biodegradation. This microbial function is similar to that of the putative key genera under normal (25 °C) temperature. Most of the putative key genera belong to Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Myxococcota. This study provides theoretical support for the control of hydrogen sulfide release from landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manting Ci
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Haihong Jin
- Zhejiang Hongyi Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Lifang Hu
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Chengran Fang
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yuyang Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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Park Y, Faivre D. Diversity of Microbial Metal Sulfide Biomineralization. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100457. [PMID: 34898036 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of life on Earth, microorganisms have contributed to biogeochemical cycles. Sulfate-reducing bacteria are an example of widespread microorganisms that participate in the metal and sulfur cycles by biomineralization of biogenic metal sulfides. In this work, we review the microbial biomineralization of metal sulfide particles and summarize distinctive features from exemplary cases. We highlight that metal sulfide biomineralization is highly metal- and organism-specific. The properties of metal sulfide biominerals depend on the degree of cellular control and on environmental factors, such as pH, temperature, and concentration of metals. Moreover, biogenic macromolecules, including peptides and proteins, help cells control their extracellular and intracellular environments that regulate biomineralization. Accordingly, metal sulfide biominerals exhibit unique features when compared to abiotic minerals or biominerals produced by dead cell debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Park
- Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Damien Faivre
- Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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Abstract
To overcome the limitations of polymers, such as the trade-off relationship between water permeance and solute rejection, as well as the difficulty of functionalization, research on nanomaterials is being actively conducted. One of the representative nanomaterials is graphene, which has a two-dimensional shape and chemical tunability. Graphene is usually used in the form of graphene oxide in the water treatment field because it has advantages such as high water permeance and functionality on its surface. However, there is a problem in that it lacks physical stability under water-contacted conditions due to the high hydrophilicity. To overcome this problem, MoS2, which has a similar shape to graphene and hydrophobicity, can be a new option. In this study, bulk MoS2 was dispersed in a mixed solvent of acetone/isopropyl alcohol, and MoS2 nanosheet was obtained by applying sonic energy to exfoliate. In addition, Cysteine was functionalized in MoS2 with a mild reaction. When the nanofiltration (NF) performance of the membrane was compared under various conditions, the composite membrane incorporated by Cysteine 10 wt % (vs. MoS2) showed the best NF performances.
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