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Karkhaneh M, Karkehabadi H, Alafchi B, Shokri A. Association of root morphology of mandibular second molars on panoramic-like and axial views of cone-beam computed tomography. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:856. [PMID: 37957637 PMCID: PMC10641985 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about the anatomy and morphology of the root canal system is essential for successful surgical and non-surgical root canal treatments. However, precise assessment of the root morphology and anatomy is not often possible on two-dimensional radiographs. This study aimed to investigate the association of root morphology of mandibular second molars on panoramic-like and axial views of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluated 1,231 CBCT scans of mandibular second molars obtained between October 2018 and February 2022 that were retrieved from the archives of a private radiology clinic. Panoramic-like images were reconstructed from the CBCT scans. The root morphology of mandibular second molars was classified on panoramic-like images as type 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. The root pattern on axial CBCT images was classified into three types of single, double and C-shaped. The association of root morphology on panoramic-like and axial CBCT views was analyzed by the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test at 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS Of all, 62.7% of mandibular second molars were type 1; out of which, 97.3% had a double-root pattern on axial CBCT images. Also, 28.6% of them were type 2; of which, 92.6% had a double-root pattern. Moreover, 3.9% were type 3; of which, 47.9% had a C-shaped pattern; 0.9% were type 4, and 45.5% of them showed a single-root pattern; 3.8% were type 5 with 76.6% of them showing a single-root pattern. The prevalence of C-shaped canals was higher in females, and most C-shaped canals had a C3 pattern. CONCLUSION Root morphology on panoramic-like CBCT views had a strong association with the root canal pattern on axial CBCT views. According to the results, mandibular second molars with a type 3 morphology on panoramic-like CBCT images are highly probable to have a C-shaped canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Karkhaneh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Karkehabadi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Behnaz Alafchi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Shokri
- Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Al-Maswary AA, Almadhoon HW, Elkhateb A, Hamdallah A, Halboub E. The global prevalence of middle mesial canal in mandibular first and second molars assessed by cone beam computed tomography: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endod 2023:S0099-2399(23)00236-4. [PMID: 37116828 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis sought to identify the in vivo prevalence and influencing factors of middle mesial canal (MMC) in mandibular first and second molars based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. METHODS MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Google Scholar databases/search engines were searched in period between 15th and 21st November 2022, to retrieve the in vivo CBCT-based studies that assessed the prevalence of MMC in mandibular first and/or second molars. The studies were strictly assessed using pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria for relevancy and eligibility through screening the title and abstract, and then assessed through reading the full texts using the same criteria. Subsequently, the fulfilled studies were assessed qualitatively using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, and quantitatively using meta-analysis to calculate the pooled prevalence rates of MMC. The publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger's test. RESULTS Out of 1,122 studies, 33 studies comprised 13,349 and 7,624 mandibular first and second molars, respectively, were eligible for inclusion. Twenty studies scored high quality, while thirteen scored moderate quality. The global prevalence of MMC in the first molar was 4.4% (95% CI = 0.035-0.053, P<0.001), significantly higher than that of the second molar which was 1.3% (95%, CI = 0.008-0.018, P<0.001). Gender, molar side, and age were not influencing factors of MMC prevalence. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MMC is not uncommon, being higher in the mandibular first molar compared to the mandibular second molar. The prevalence of MMC is not influenced by age, molar's side, and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa A Al-Maswary
- Department of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibn al-Nafis for Medical Sciences, Sana'a, Yemen.
| | | | | | | | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
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Chen C, Zhu T, Wu H, Zhao X, Leng D, Wang J, Yang L, Wu D. Prevalence and correlation of C-shaped root canals of mandibular premolars and molars in Eastern Chinese individuals. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19779. [PMID: 36396689 PMCID: PMC9671964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, correlation, and differences of C-shaped root canals (CSRCs) morphology in permanent mandibular premolars and molars in Eastern Chinese individuals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 8000 mandibular first premolars (MFPs), mandibular second premolars (MSPs), mandibular first molars (MFMs), and mandibular second molars (MSMs) CBCT images from 1000 patients (692 females and 308 males) were collected. The prevalence, correlation, bilateral/unilateral presence, the morphology of CSRCs, level of canal bifurcation, gender differences, and location of radicular grooves (RGs) were evaluated. The prevalence of CSRCs in MFPs, MSPs, MFMs and MSMs were 10.25%, 0.25%, 0.55% and 47.05%, respectively. The prevalence of CSRCs in MFPs of males was higher than that in females, while the prevalence of CSRCs in MSMs of females was higher than that in males (P < 0.05). The bilateral symmetry presence of CSRCs in MSMs was significant but not in MFPs, MSPs, and MFMs. RGs were predominantly found on the mesiolingual (ML) surface of premolars and the lingual surface of molars. There was a high prevalence of CSRCs in MFPs and MSMs in the Eastern Chinese population, but there was no correlation. The prevalence of CSRCs in MFPs and MSMs differ significantly by gender (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Present Address: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China ,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Present Address: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China ,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huili Wu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Present Address: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China ,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Present Address: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China ,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Diya Leng
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Present Address: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China ,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyan Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Present Address: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China ,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianfeng Yang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Present Address: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China ,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Daming Wu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Present Address: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China ,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Anatomical Evaluation of Root and Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular Dentition among the Saudi Arabian Population: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2400314. [PMID: 35958809 PMCID: PMC9363226 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2400314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct a compendious review of root canal morphology of “permanent mandibular teeth in different regions of Saudi Arabia” to obtain a large sample representing the total population. A detailed search through the databases Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The data were analyzed based on the following inclusion criteria: original full-length original articles that reported the variables of interest “(number of roots, number of canals, Vertucci's classification system and C-shaped canals or mid-mesial canals)” of the mandibular teeth and conducted on Saudi subjects. The retrieved data were presented as frequencies and percentages. The results revealed that 56.6% of mandibular central incisors had one canal and Vertucci type I (56.6%), while 57.4% of the mandibular lateral incisors had one canal, with Vertucci types I and III most frequent. In mandibular canines, 91.8% had one canal and 8.2% had two canals. Most of the mandibular first premolars had one root (86.6%), while almost all mandibular second premolars (91.5%) had one canal, and 96.9% had Vertucci type I configuration. Among the mandibular first molars, three and four canals were prevalent in 58.7% and 40.6%, respectively. The majority of mesial roots had Vertucci type IV (60.6%), and most of distal roots had Vertucci type I (72.2%). Most of the mandibular second molars had three canals (87.3%) and showed Vertucci type IV (39.4%) canals for mesial roots and Vertucci type I (95.6%) for distal roots. The C-shaped canals were seen in 8% of first premolars and 9.8% of second molars. The middle mesial canal was found in 4.2% and 0.4% of first and second molars, respectively. This review could represent “the population of Saudi Arabia as the included samples were combined from different regions of the country.” Some variations were noticed within the same group of teeth from different regions. However, the overall results of combined samples were comparable to the other international studies.
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