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Hornyák M, Płażek A. Measurement of the Kinetics of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence by an LED-Light Source Fluorimeter, Handy PEA. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2791:121-126. [PMID: 38532099 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3794-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The chlorophyll a fluorescence measurement method is used to determine the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus and to assess the physiological state of photosynthetic organisms. The measurement is simple, fast, and noninvasive. It is a precise tool to study photosynthesis response under stress conditions or to assess the impact of specific environmental factors on plants. Here we describe the usage of this method in environmental-controlled plant production systems differing in temperature or light source on the growth and development of common buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hornyák
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Płażek
- Department of Physiology, Breeding of Plant and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland
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Kula-Maximenko M, Hornyák M, Płażek A. Measurement of the Light Intensity and Spectrum Influence on Plant Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Common Buckwheat. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2791:133-137. [PMID: 38532101 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3794-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Light is one of the main signals detected by plants that influence plant growth, development, and function. The light features that influence plants are the photoperiod, light intensity, and spectral composition. Manipulating light intensity and spectrum to obtain better plant growth and quality has become a popular research object in recent years. Here we describe the usage of the spectrometer Lighting Passport Pro to determine the impact of light intensity and share of individual waves in its spectrum in environment-controlled plant production systems on the growth, development, and soluble carbohydrate and phenolic synthesis of common buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kula-Maximenko
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Hornyák
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Płażek
- Department of Physiology, Breeding of Plant and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland
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Yang D, Song Y, Lu A, Qin L, Tan D, Zhang Q, He Y, Lu Y. Metabolomics-Based Analysis of the Effects of Different Cultivation Strategies on Metabolites of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030389. [PMID: 36984829 PMCID: PMC10059836 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a famous plant with a high medicinal value which has been recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition). The medicinal properties of D. officinale are based on its chemical composition. However, there are no reports on how different cultivation methods affect its chemical composition. In order to reveal this issue, samples of the D. officinale were collected in this study through tree epiphytic cultivation, stone epiphytic cultivation, and greenhouse cultivation. Polysaccharides were determined by phenol sulfuric acid method and secondary metabolites were detected by the UPLC-MS technique. In addition, with regards to metabolomics, we used multivariate analyses including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLS-DA) to screen for differential metabolites which met the conditions of variable importance projection values >1, fold change >4, and p < 0.05. The differential metabolites were taken further for metabolic pathway enrichment analysis, which was based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, and validated by antioxidant activity. Comparing the three groups of samples according to the standards of the ChP (2020 edition), the results showed that the polysaccharide content of the samples from stony epiphytic cultivation and greenhouse cultivation was significantly higher than that of the samples from live tree epiphytic cultivation. Metabolomic analysis revealed that there were 185 differential metabolites among the 3 cultivation methods, with 99 of the differential metabolites being highest in the stone epiphytic cultivation. The results of the metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that the different cultivation strategies mainly effected four carbohydrate metabolic pathways, five secondary metabolite synthesis pathways, six amino acid metabolic pathways, one nucleotide metabolism pathway, three cofactor and vitamin metabolism pathways, and one translation pathway in genetic information processing. Furthermore, D. officinale from stone epiphytic cultivation which had the best antioxidant activity was implicated in differential metabolite production. This study revealed the effects of different cultivation methods on the chemical composition of D. officinale and also provided a reference for establishing the quality control standards to aid its development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yang
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China
| | - Yeyang Song
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China
| | - Anjin Lu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Qin
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Daopeng Tan
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanliu Lu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
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Vaštakaitė-Kairienė V, Samuolienė G, Šveikauskas V, Laužikė K, Jurkonienė S. The Influence of End-of-Day Blue Light on the Growth, Photosynthetic, and Metabolic Parameters of Lettuce at Different Development Stages. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2798. [PMID: 36297824 PMCID: PMC9607520 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of end-of-day blue (EOD B) light on the physiological response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa, Lobjoits Green Cos) at different phenological development stages. Plants were grown in a controlled environment growth chamber (day/night temperature 21 ± 2 °C; relative air humidity 60 ± 5%) under the light of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) consisting of 5% blue (B; 450 nm), 85% red (R; 660 nm), and 10% green (G; 530 nm) photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at 200 µmol m-2 s-1 for 16 h d-1 (BRG, control) for 8, 15, and 25 days (BBCH 12, BBCH 14, and BBCH 18, respectively). For the EOD B treatments, lettuce plants were additionally illuminated with 100% of B light at 30 and 60 µmol m-2 s-1 PPFD for 4 h d-1 (B30 and B60, respectively). The results show that EOD B light caused the elevated shoot elongation of lettuce plants regardless of their growth stages. However, leaf width increased only in more developed lettuce plants (BBCH 18). EOD B light negatively affected the development of new leaves and fresh weight, except for seedlings (BBCH 12). Most photosynthetic and spectral leaf indices also decreased when lettuce was treated with EOD B light, especially under the PPFD level of 60 µmol m-2 s-1. Moreover, the changes in metabolic parameters such as DPPH free radical activity, free proline content, and H+-ATPase activity in lettuce showed a plant response to unfavorable conditions to EOD B light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kaunas Street 30, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania
- Nature Research Centre, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Akademijos Street 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedrė Samuolienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kaunas Street 30, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | - Vaidevutis Šveikauskas
- Nature Research Centre, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Akademijos Street 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Laužikė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kaunas Street 30, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | - Sigita Jurkonienė
- Nature Research Centre, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Akademijos Street 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Kreft I, Germ M, Golob A, Vombergar B, Vollmannová A, Kreft S, Luthar Z. Phytochemistry, Bioactivities of Metabolites, and Traditional Uses of Fagopyrum tataricum. Molecules 2022; 27:7101. [PMID: 36296694 PMCID: PMC9611693 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), the edible parts are mainly grain and sprouts. Tartary buckwheat contains protecting substances, which make it possible for plants to survive on high altitudes and under strong natural ultraviolet radiation. The diversity and high content of phenolic substances are important for Tartary buckwheat to grow and reproduce under unfriendly environmental effects, diseases, and grazing. These substances are mainly flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, quercitrin, vitexin, catechin, epicatechin and epicatechin gallate), phenolic acids, fagopyrins, and emodin. Synthesis of protecting substances depends on genetic layout and on the environmental conditions, mainly UV radiation and temperature. Flavonoids and their glycosides are among Tartary buckwheat plants bioactive metabolites. Flavonoids are compounds of special interest due to their antioxidant properties and potential in preventing tiredness, diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. During the processing and production of food items, Tartary buckwheat metabolites are subjected to molecular transformations. The main Tartary buckwheat traditional food products are bread, groats, and sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kreft
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Germ
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Golob
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blanka Vombergar
- The Education Centre Piramida Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Alena Vollmannová
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Samo Kreft
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zlata Luthar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ebert AW. Sprouts and Microgreens-Novel Food Sources for Healthy Diets. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040571. [PMID: 35214902 PMCID: PMC8877763 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
With the growing interest of society in healthy eating, the interest in fresh, ready-to-eat, functional food, such as microscale vegetables (sprouted seeds and microgreens), has been on the rise in recent years globally. This review briefly describes the crops commonly used for microscale vegetable production, highlights Brassica vegetables because of their health-promoting secondary metabolites (polyphenols, glucosinolates), and looks at consumer acceptance of sprouts and microgreens. Apart from the main crops used for microscale vegetable production, landraces, wild food plants, and crops' wild relatives often have high phytonutrient density and exciting flavors and tastes, thus providing the scope to widen the range of crops and species used for this purpose. Moreover, the nutritional value and content of phytochemicals often vary with plant growth and development within the same crop. Sprouted seeds and microgreens are often more nutrient-dense than ungerminated seeds or mature vegetables. This review also describes the environmental and priming factors that may impact the nutritional value and content of phytochemicals of microscale vegetables. These factors include the growth environment, growing substrates, imposed environmental stresses, seed priming and biostimulants, biofortification, and the effect of light in controlled environments. This review also touches on microgreen market trends. Due to their short growth cycle, nutrient-dense sprouts and microgreens can be produced with minimal input; without pesticides, they can even be home-grown and harvested as needed, hence having low environmental impacts and a broad acceptance among health-conscious consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W Ebert
- World Vegetable Center, 60 Yi-Min Liao, Shanhua, Tainan 74151, Taiwan
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