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Wang Y, Jia X, Li Y, Ma S, Ma C, Xin D, Wang J, Chen Q, Liu C. NopAA and NopD Signaling Association-Related Gene GmNAC27 Promotes Nodulation in Soybean ( Glycine max). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17498. [PMID: 38139327 PMCID: PMC10744329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia secrete effectors that are essential for the effective establishment of their symbiotic interactions with leguminous host plants. However, the signaling pathways governing rhizobial type III effectors have yet to be sufficiently characterized. In the present study, the type III effectors, NopAA and NopD, which perhaps have signaling pathway crosstalk in the regulation of plant defense responses, have been studied together for the first time during nodulation. Initial qRT-PCR experiments were used to explore the impact of NopAA and NopD on marker genes associated with symbiosis and defense responses. The effects of these effectors on nodulation were then assessed by generating bacteria in which both NopAA and NopD were mutated. RNA-sequencing analyses of soybean roots were further utilized to assess signaling crosstalk between NopAA and NopD. NopAA mutant and NopD mutant were both found to repress GmPR1, GmPR2, and GmPR5 expression in these roots. The two mutants also significantly reduced nodules dry weight and the number of nodules and infection threads, although these changes were not significantly different from those observed following inoculation with double-mutant (HH103ΩNopAA&NopD). NopAA and NopD co-mutant inoculation was primarily found to impact the plant-pathogen interaction pathway. Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with both NopAA and NopD were enriched in the plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, and MAPK signaling pathways, and no further changes in these common DEGs were noted in response to inoculation with HH103ΩNopAA&NopD. Glyma.13G279900 (GmNAC27) was ultimately identified as being significantly upregulated in the context of HH103ΩNopAA&NopD inoculation, serving as a positive regulator of nodulation. These results provide new insight into the synergistic impact that specific effectors can have on the establishment of symbiosis and the responses of host plant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (S.M.); (C.M.); (D.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (S.M.); (C.M.); (D.X.); (J.W.)
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Prout JN, Williams A, Wanke A, Schornack S, Ton J, Field KJ. Mucoromycotina 'fine root endophytes': a new molecular model for plant-fungal mutualisms? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023:S1360-1385(23)00373-4. [PMID: 38102045 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The most studied plant-fungal symbioses to date are the interactions between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi of the Glomeromycotina clade. Advancements in phylogenetics and microbial community profiling have distinguished a group of symbiosis-forming fungi that resemble AM fungi as belonging instead to the Mucoromycotina. These enigmatic fungi are now known as Mucoromycotina 'fine root endophytes' and could provide a means to understand the origins of plant-fungal symbioses. Most of our knowledge of the mechanisms of fungal symbiosis comes from investigations using AM fungi. Here, we argue that inclusion of Mucoromycotina fine root endophytes in future studies will expand our understanding of the mechanisms, evolution, and ecology of plant-fungal symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Prout
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Alex Williams
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Alan Wanke
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | | | - Jurriaan Ton
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Katie J Field
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
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Nzepang DT, Gully D, Nguepjop JR, Zaiya Zazou A, Tossim HA, Sambou A, Rami JF, Hocher V, Fall S, Svistoonoff S, Fonceka D. Mapping of QTLs Associated with Biological Nitrogen Fixation Traits in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) Using an Interspecific Population Derived from the Cross between the Cultivated Species and Its Wild Ancestors. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040797. [PMID: 37107555 PMCID: PMC10138160 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are an allotetraploid grain legume mainly cultivated by poor farmers in Africa, in degraded soil and with low input systems. Further understanding nodulation genetic mechanisms could be a relevant option to facilitate the improvement of yield and lift up soil without synthetic fertilizers. We used a subset of 83 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from the cross between a wild synthetic tetraploid AiAd (Arachis ipaensis × Arachis duranensis)4× and the cultivated variety Fleur11, and evaluated them for traits related to BNF under shade-house conditions. Three treatments were tested: without nitrogen; with nitrogen; and without nitrogen, but with added0 Bradyrhizobium vignae strain ISRA400. The leaf chlorophyll content and total biomass were used as surrogate traits for BNF. We found significant variations for both traits specially linked to BNF, and four QTLs (quantitative trait loci) were consistently mapped. At all QTLs, the wild alleles decreased the value of the trait, indicating a negative effect on BNF. A detailed characterization of the lines carrying those QTLs in controlled conditions showed that the QTLs affected the nitrogen fixation efficiency, nodule colonization, and development. Our results provide new insights into peanut nodulation mechanisms and could be used to target BNF traits in peanut breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius T. Nzepang
- Centre d’Etudes Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, CERAAS-Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM) (IRD/ISRA/UCAD), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar BP 1386, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar CP 18524, Senegal
- Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat, Innovation et Amélioration Variétale en Afrique de l’Ouest (IAVAO), CERAAS Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
| | - Djamel Gully
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar CP 18524, Senegal
| | - Joël R. Nguepjop
- Centre d’Etudes Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, CERAAS-Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
- Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat, Innovation et Amélioration Variétale en Afrique de l’Ouest (IAVAO), CERAAS Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Arlette Zaiya Zazou
- Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) (IRAD), Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Hodo-Abalo Tossim
- Centre d’Etudes Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, CERAAS-Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
- Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat, Innovation et Amélioration Variétale en Afrique de l’Ouest (IAVAO), CERAAS Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
| | - Aissatou Sambou
- Centre d’Etudes Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, CERAAS-Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
- Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat, Innovation et Amélioration Variétale en Afrique de l’Ouest (IAVAO), CERAAS Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
| | - Jean-François Rami
- Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat, Innovation et Amélioration Variétale en Afrique de l’Ouest (IAVAO), CERAAS Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Valerie Hocher
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM) (IRD/ISRA/UCAD), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar BP 1386, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar CP 18524, Senegal
| | - Saliou Fall
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM) (IRD/ISRA/UCAD), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar BP 1386, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar CP 18524, Senegal
| | - Sergio Svistoonoff
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar CP 18524, Senegal
| | - Daniel Fonceka
- Centre d’Etudes Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, CERAAS-Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
- Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat, Innovation et Amélioration Variétale en Afrique de l’Ouest (IAVAO), CERAAS Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
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Ratu STN, Amelia L, Okazaki S. Type III effector provides a novel symbiotic pathway in legume-rhizobia symbiosis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 87:28-37. [PMID: 36367542 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhizobia form nodules on the roots of legumes and fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, thus supplying it to host legumes. In return, plants supply photosynthetic products to maintain rhizobial activities. In most cases, rhizobial Nod factors (NFs) and their leguminous receptors (NFRs) are essential for the establishment of symbiosis. However, recent studies have discovered a novel symbiotic pathway in which rhizobia utilize the type III effectors (T3Es) similar to the pathogenic bacteria to induce nodulation. The T3Es of rhizobia are thought to be evolved from the pathogen, but they have a unique structure distinct from the pathogen, suggesting that it might be customized for symbiotic purposes. This review will focus on the recent findings from the study of rhizobial T3Es, discussing their features on a symbiont and pathogen, and the future perspectives on the role of rhizobial T3Es in symbiosis control technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safirah Tasa Nerves Ratu
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lidia Amelia
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Okazaki
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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Tighilt L, Boulila F, De Sousa BFS, Giraud E, Ruiz-Argüeso T, Palacios JM, Imperial J, Rey L. The Bradyrhizobium Sp. LmicA16 Type VI Secretion System Is Required for Efficient Nodulation of Lupinus Spp. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:844-855. [PMID: 34697646 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Many bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium are capable of inducing nodules in legumes. In this work, the importance of a type VI secretion system (T6SS) in a symbiotic strain of the genus Bradyrhizobium is described. T6SS of Bradyrhizobium sp. LmicA16 (A16) is necessary for efficient nodulation with Lupinus micranthus and Lupinus angustifolius. A mutant in the gene vgrG, coding for a component of the T6SS nanostructure, induced less nodules and smaller plants than the wild-type (wt) strain and was less competitive when co-inoculated with the wt strain. A16 T6SS genes are organized in a 26-kb DNA region in two divergent gene clusters of nine genes each. One of these genes codes for a protein (Tsb1) of unknown function but containing a methyltransferase domain. A tsb1 mutant showed an intermediate symbiotic phenotype regarding vgrG mutant and higher mucoidity than the wt strain in free-living conditions. T6SS promoter fusions to the lacZ reporter indicate expression in nodules but not in free-living cells grown in different media and conditions. The analysis of nodule structure revealed that the level of nodule colonization was significantly reduced in the mutants with respect to the wt strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tighilt
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, Faculté Des Sciences de La Nature Et de La Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación Y Tecnología Agraria Y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Boulila
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, Faculté Des Sciences de La Nature Et de La Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - B F S De Sousa
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación Y Tecnología Agraria Y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología Y Biología Vegetal, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria Y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Giraud
- IRD, Laboratoire Des Symbioses Tropicales Et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/SupAgro/INRA/Université de Montpellier/CIRAD, TA-A82/J-Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - T Ruiz-Argüeso
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación Y Tecnología Agraria Y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología Y Biología Vegetal, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria Y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Palacios
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación Y Tecnología Agraria Y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología Y Biología Vegetal, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria Y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Imperial
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación Y Tecnología Agraria Y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Rey
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación Y Tecnología Agraria Y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnología Y Biología Vegetal, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria Y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Jiménez-Guerrero I, Medina C, Vinardell JM, Ollero FJ, López-Baena FJ. The Rhizobial Type 3 Secretion System: The Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in the Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911089. [PMID: 36232385 PMCID: PMC9569860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are soil bacteria that can establish a symbiotic association with legumes. As a result, plant nodules are formed on the roots of the host plants where rhizobia differentiate to bacteroids capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. This ammonia is transferred to the plant in exchange of a carbon source and an appropriate environment for bacterial survival. This process is subjected to a tight regulation with several checkpoints to allow the progression of the infection or its restriction. The type 3 secretion system (T3SS) is a secretory system that injects proteins, called effectors (T3E), directly into the cytoplasm of the host cell, altering host pathways or suppressing host defense responses. This secretion system is not present in all rhizobia but its role in symbiosis is crucial for some symbiotic associations, showing two possible faces as Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: it can be completely necessary for the formation of nodules, or it can block nodulation in different legume species/cultivars. In this review, we compile all the information currently available about the effects of different rhizobial effectors on plant symbiotic phenotypes. These phenotypes are diverse and highlight the importance of the T3SS in certain rhizobium–legume symbioses.
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Khan A, Wadood SF, Chen M, Wang Y, Xie ZP, Staehelin C. Effector-triggered inhibition of nodulation: A rhizobial effector protease targets soybean kinase GmPBS1-1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2382-2395. [PMID: 35543503 PMCID: PMC9343005 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Type III protein secretion systems of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia deliver effector proteins into leguminous host cells to promote or inhibit the nodule symbiosis. However, mechanisms underlying effector-triggered inhibition of nodulation remain largely unknown. Nodulation outer protein T (NopT) of Sinorhizobium sp. NGR234 is an effector protease related to the Pseudomonas effector Avirulence protein Pseudomonas phaseolicola B (AvrPphB). Here, we constructed NGR234 mutants producing different NopT variants and found that protease activity of NopT negatively affects nodulation of smooth crotalaria (Crotalaria pallida). NopT variants lacking residues required for autocleavage and subsequent lipidation showed reduced symbiotic effects and were not targeted to the plasma membrane. We further noticed that Sinorhizobium fredii strains possess a mutated nopT gene. Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 expressing nopT of NGR234 induced considerably fewer nodules in soybean (Glycine max) cv. Nenfeng 15 but not in other cultivars. Effector perception was further examined in NopT-expressing leaves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and found to be dependent on the protein kinase Arabidopsis AvrPphB Susceptible 1 (AtPBS1) and the associated resistance protein Arabidopsis Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae 5 (AtRPS5). Experiments with Nicotiana benthamiana plants indicated that the soybean homolog GmPBS1-1 associated with AtRPS5 can perceive NopT. Further analysis showed that NopT cleaves AtPBS1 and GmPBS1-1 and thus can activate these target proteins. Insertion of a DKM motif at the cleavage site of GmPBS1-1 resulted in increased proteolysis. Nodulation tests with soybeans expressing an autoactive GmPBS1-1 variant indicated that activation of a GmPBS1-1-mediated resistance pathway impairs nodule formation in cv. Nenfeng 15. Our findings suggest that legumes face an evolutionary dilemma of either developing effector-triggered immunity against pathogenic bacteria or establishing symbiosis with suboptimally adapted rhizobia producing pathogen-like effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, East Campus, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Syed F Wadood
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, East Campus, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, East Campus, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, East Campus, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, East Campus, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Christian Staehelin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, East Campus, 510006 Guangzhou, China
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Wang T, Balla B, Kovács S, Kereszt A. Varietas Delectat: Exploring Natural Variations in Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis Research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:856187. [PMID: 35481136 PMCID: PMC9037385 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.856187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between leguminous plants and soil bacteria collectively called rhizobia plays an important role in the global nitrogen cycle and is an essential component of sustainable agriculture. Genetic determinants directing the development and functioning of the interaction have been identified with the help of a very limited number of model plants and bacterial strains. Most of the information obtained from the study of model systems could be validated on crop plants and their partners. The investigation of soybean cultivars and different rhizobia, however, has revealed the existence of ineffective interactions between otherwise effective partners that resemble gene-for-gene interactions described for pathogenic systems. Since then, incompatible interactions between natural isolates of model plants, called ecotypes, and different bacterial partner strains have been reported. Moreover, diverse phenotypes of both bacterial mutants on different host plants and plant mutants with different bacterial strains have been described. Identification of the genetic factors behind the phenotypic differences did already and will reveal novel functions of known genes/proteins, the role of certain proteins in some interactions, and the fine regulation of the steps during nodule development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Benedikta Balla
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Kovács
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Kereszt
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
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9
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Teulet A, Camuel A, Perret X, Giraud E. The Versatile Roles of Type III Secretion Systems in Rhizobia-Legume Symbioses. Annu Rev Microbiol 2022; 76:45-65. [PMID: 35395168 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041020-032624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To suppress plant immunity and promote the intracellular infection required for fixing nitrogen for the benefit of their legume hosts, many rhizobia use type III secretion systems (T3SSs) that deliver effector proteins (T3Es) inside host cells. As reported for interactions between pathogens and host plants, the immune system of legume hosts and the cocktail of T3Es secreted by rhizobia determine the symbiotic outcome. If they remain undetected, T3Es may reduce plant immunity and thus promote infection of legumes by rhizobia. If one or more of the secreted T3Es are recognized by the cognate plant receptors, defense responses are triggered and rhizobial infection may abort. However, some rhizobial T3Es can also circumvent the need for nodulation (Nod) factors to trigger nodule formation. Here we review the multifaceted roles played by rhizobial T3Es during symbiotic interactions with legumes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Teulet
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), IRD, Institut Agro, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, and CIRAD, Montpellier, France;
| | - Alicia Camuel
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), IRD, Institut Agro, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, and CIRAD, Montpellier, France; .,PHIM Plant Health Institute, IRD, Institut Agro, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, and CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Perret
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Giraud
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), IRD, Institut Agro, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, and CIRAD, Montpellier, France; .,PHIM Plant Health Institute, IRD, Institut Agro, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, and CIRAD, Montpellier, France
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