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Huhnstock R, Paetzold L, Merkel M, Kuświk P, Ehresmann A. Combined Funnel, Concentrator, and Particle Valve Functional Element for Magnetophoretic Bead Transport Based on Engineered Magnetic Domain Patterns. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305675. [PMID: 37888794 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Controlled actuation of superparamagnetic beads (SPBs) within a microfluidic environment using tailored dynamic magnetic field landscapes (MFLs) is a potent approach for the realization of point-of-care diagnostics within Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems. Making use of an engineered magnetic domain pattern as the MFL source, a functional LOC-element with combined magnetophoretic "funnel", concentrator, and "valve" functions for micron-sized SPBs is presented. A parallel-stripe domain pattern design with periodically decreasing/increasing stripe lengths is fabricated in a topographically flat continuous exchange biased (EB) thin film system by ion bombardment induced magnetic patterning (IBMP). It is demonstrated that, upon application of external magnetic field pulses, a fully reversible concentration of SPBs at the domain pattern's focal point occurs. In addition, it is shown that this functionality may be used as an SPB "funnel", allowing only a maximum number of particles to pass through the focal point. Adjusting the pulse time length, the focal point can be clogged up for incoming SPBs, resembling an on/off switchable particle "valve". The observations are supported by quantitative theoretical force considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Huhnstock
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, D-34132, Kassel, Germany
- Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Paetzold
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, D-34132, Kassel, Germany
- Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Merkel
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, D-34132, Kassel, Germany
- Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Piotr Kuświk
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, Poznań, 60-179, Poland
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, D-34132, Kassel, Germany
- Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109, Berlin, Germany
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Abedini-Nassab R, Sadeghidelouei N, Shields Iv CW. Magnetophoretic circuits: A review of device designs and implementation for precise single-cell manipulation. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1272:341425. [PMID: 37355317 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip tools have played a pivotal role in advancing modern biology and medicine. A key goal in this field is to precisely transport single particles and cells to specific locations on a chip for quantitative analysis. To address this large and growing need, magnetophoretic circuits have been developed in the last decade to manipulate a large number of single bioparticles in a parallel and highly controlled manner. Inspired by electrical circuits, magnetophoretic circuits are composed of passive and active circuit elements to offer commensurate levels of control and automation for transporting individual bioparticles. These specifications make them unique compared to other technologies in addressing crucial bioanalytical applications and answering fundamental questions buried in highly heterogeneous cell populations. In this comprehensive review, we describe key theoretical considerations for manufacturing and simulating magnetophoretic circuits. We provide a detailed tutorial for operating magnetophoretic devices containing different circuit elements (e.g., conductors, diodes, capacitors, and transistors). Finally, we provide a critical comparison of the utility of these devices to other microchip-based platforms for cellular manipulation, and discuss how they may address unmet needs in single-cell biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Abedini-Nassab
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Iran.
| | - Negar Sadeghidelouei
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Iran
| | - C Wyatt Shields Iv
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, United States
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El-Shaikh A, Seeger B. Content-based filter queries on DNA data storage systems. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7053. [PMID: 37120614 PMCID: PMC10148835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in DNA data storage systems have revealed the great potential to store large amounts of data at a very high density with extremely long persistence and low cost. However, despite recent contributions to robust data encoding, current DNA storage systems offer limited support for random access on DNA storage devices due to restrictive biochemical constraints. Moreover, state-of-the-art approaches do not support content-based filter queries on DNA storage. This paper introduces the first encoding for DNA that enables content-based searches on structured data like relational database tables. We provide the details of the methods for coding and decoding millions of directly accessible data objects on DNA. We evaluate the derived codes on real data sets and verify their robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex El-Shaikh
- Departement of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Seeger
- Departement of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
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Huhnstock R, Reginka M, Sonntag C, Merkel M, Dingel K, Sick B, Vogel M, Ehresmann A. Three-dimensional close-to-substrate trajectories of magnetic microparticles in dynamically changing magnetic field landscapes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20890. [PMID: 36463293 PMCID: PMC9719552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of magnetic particles (MPs) by dynamic magnetic field landscapes (MFLs) using magnetically patterned substrates is promising for the development of Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems. The inherent close-to-substrate MP motion is sensitive to changing particle-substrate interactions. Thus, the detection of a modified particle-substrate separation distance caused by surface binding of an analyte is expected to be a promising probe in analytics and diagnostics. Here, we present an essential prerequisite for such an application, namely the label-free quantitative experimental determination of the three-dimensional trajectories of superparamagnetic particles (SPPs) transported by a dynamically changing MFL. The evaluation of defocused SPP images from optical bright-field microscopy revealed a "hopping"-like motion of the magnetic particles, previously predicted by theory, additionally allowing a quantification of maximum jump heights. As our findings pave the way towards precise determination of particle-substrate separations, they bear deep implications for future LOC detection schemes using only optical microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Huhnstock
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany ,grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Meike Reginka
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Claudius Sonntag
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Intelligent Embedded Systems, University of Kassel, Wilhelmshöher Allee 71-73, 34121 Kassel, Germany
| | - Maximilian Merkel
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany ,grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Dingel
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany ,grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Intelligent Embedded Systems, University of Kassel, Wilhelmshöher Allee 71-73, 34121 Kassel, Germany
| | - Bernhard Sick
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany ,grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Intelligent Embedded Systems, University of Kassel, Wilhelmshöher Allee 71-73, 34121 Kassel, Germany
| | - Michael Vogel
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany ,grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany ,grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Present Address: Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany ,grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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Abedini-Nassab R, Shourabi R. High-throughput precise particle transport at single-particle resolution in a three-dimensional magnetic field for highly sensitive bio-detection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6380. [PMID: 35430583 PMCID: PMC9013386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise manipulation of microparticles have fundamental applications in the fields of lab-on-a-chip and biomedical engineering. Here, for the first time, we propose a fully operational microfluidic chip equipped with thin magnetic films composed of straight tracks and bends which precisely transports numerous single-particles in the size range of ~ 2.8–20 µm simultaneously, to certain points, synced with the general external three-axial magnetic field. The uniqueness of this design arises from the introduced vertical bias field that provides a repulsion force between the particles and prevents unwanted particle cluster formation, which is a challenge in devices operating in two-dimensional fields. Furthermore, the chip operates as an accurate sensor and detects low levels of proteins and DNA fragments, being captured by the ligand-functionalized magnetic beads, while lowering the background noise by excluding the unwanted bead pairs seen in the previous works. The image-processing detection method in this work allows detection at the single-pair resolution, increasing the sensitivity. The proposed device offers high-throughput particle transport and ultra-sensitive bio-detection in a highly parallel manner at single-particle resolution. It can also operate as a robust single-cell analysis platform for manipulating magnetized single-cells and assembling them in large arrays, with important applications in biology.
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Abedini-Nassab R, Ding X, Xie H. A novel magnetophoretic-based device for magnetometry and separation of single magnetic particles and magnetized cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:738-746. [PMID: 35040849 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of magnetic micro- and nanoparticles in medicine and biology is expanding. One important example is the transport of magnetic microparticles and magnetized cells in lab-on-a-chip systems. The magnetic susceptibility of the particles is a key factor in determining their response to the externally applied magnetic field. Typically, to measure this parameter, their magnetophoretic mobility is studied. However, the particle tracking system for accurately determining the traveled distance in a certain time may be too complicated. Here, we introduce a lithographically fabricated chip composed of an array of thin magnetic micro-disks for evaluating the magnetic susceptibility of numerous individual magnetic particles simultaneously. The proposed novel magnetometer works based on the phase change in the trajectory of microparticles circulating around the disks in a rotating in-plane magnetic field. We explain that the easily detectable transition between the "phase-locked" and the "phase-slipping" regimes and the frequency at which it happens are appropriate parameters for measuring the magnetic susceptibility of the magnetic particles at the single-particle level. We show that this high-throughput (i.e., ∼ten thousand particles on a 1 cm2 area) single-particle magnetometry method has various crucial applications, including i) magnetic characterization of magnetic beads as well as magnetically labeled living cells, ii) determining the magnetization rate of the cells taking up magnetic nanoparticles with respect to time, iii) evaluating the rate of degradation of magnetic nanoparticles in cells over time, iv) detecting the number of target cells in a sample, and v) separating particles based on their size and magnetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Abedini-Nassab
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Xianting Ding
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, China
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Short- and Long-Range Microparticle Transport on Permalloy Disk Arrays in Time-Varying Magnetic Fields. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry7080120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigate maneuvering superparamagnetic microparticles, or beads, in a remotely-controlled, automated way across arrays of few-micron-diameter permalloy disks. This technique is potentially useful for applying tunable forces to or for sorting biological structures that can be attached to magnetic beads, for example nucleic acids, proteins, or cells. The particle manipulation method being investigated relies on a combination of stray fields emanating from permalloy disks as well as time-varying externally applied magnetic fields. Unlike previous work, we closely examine particle motion during a capture, rotate, and controlled repulsion mechanism for particle transport. We measure particle velocities during short-range motion—the controlled repulsion of a bead from one disk toward another—and compare this motion to a simulation based on stray fields from disk edges. We also observe the phase-slipping and phase-locked motion of particles engaging in long-range transport in this manipulation scheme.
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