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Chen H, Chen H, Chen J, Song M. Gas Sensors Based on Semiconductor Metal Oxides Fabricated by Electrospinning: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2962. [PMID: 38793817 PMCID: PMC11125222 DOI: 10.3390/s24102962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Electrospinning has revolutionized the field of semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) gas sensors, which are pivotal for gas detection. SMOs are known for their high sensitivity, rapid responsiveness, and exceptional selectivity towards various types of gases. When synthesized via electrospinning, they gain unmatched advantages. These include high porosity, large specific surface areas, adjustable morphologies and compositions, and diverse structural designs, improving gas-sensing performance. This review explores the application of variously structured and composed SMOs prepared by electrospinning in gas sensors. It highlights strategies to augment gas-sensing performance, such as noble metal modification and doping with transition metals, rare earth elements, and metal cations, all contributing to heightened sensitivity and selectivity. We also look at the fabrication of composite SMOs with polymers or carbon nanofibers, which addresses the challenge of high operating temperatures. Furthermore, this review discusses the advantages of hierarchical and core-shell structures. The use of spinel and perovskite structures is also explored for their unique chemical compositions and crystal structure. These structures are useful for high sensitivity and selectivity towards specific gases. These methodologies emphasize the critical role of innovative material integration and structural design in achieving high-performance gas sensors, pointing toward future research directions in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Danzhou 571799, China; (H.C.); (H.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Huayang Chen
- School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Danzhou 571799, China; (H.C.); (H.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiabao Chen
- School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Danzhou 571799, China; (H.C.); (H.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Mingxin Song
- School of Electronic Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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2
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Mishra S, Sahoo NK, Sahoo PK, Sahoo S, Nayak L, Rout PR. Construction of a novel ternary synergistic CuFe 2O 4-SnO 2-rGO heterojunction for efficient removal of cyanide from contaminated water. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13850-13861. [PMID: 38681840 PMCID: PMC11047057 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02217c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Many industrial effluents release cyanide, a well-known hazardous and bio-recalcitrant pollutant, and thus, the treatment of cyanide wastewater is a major challenge. In the current study, a CuFe2O4-SnO2-rGO nanocomposite was synthesized to remove cyanide from an aqueous system. The structural and morphological characterizations of the nanomaterials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectra (EDX) analysis. The results revealed that almost 97.7% cyanide removal occurred using the nanocomposite at an initial concentration of 100 mg L-1 within 1 h. The experimental data were fitted to various adsorption models, among which the Langmuir model fitted the data very well, confirming the monolayer adsorption process. The kinetic investigation revealed that the cyanide adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating a chemisorption process with a high cyanide adsorption capacity of 114 mg g-1. The result of the intraparticulate diffusion model fitting revealed a decreasing slope value (K) from stage 1 to stage 2, indicating that external mass transfer is the predominating step. Moreover, the CuFe2O4-SnO2-rGO nanocomposite shows excellent reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Science and Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (ITER), Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar 751030 Odisha India
| | - Naresh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Science and Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (ITER), Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar 751030 Odisha India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Sahoo
- Environmental Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Jal Vigyan Bhawan Roorkee 247667 India
| | - Satyanjib Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Science and Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (ITER), Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar 751030 Odisha India
| | - Lopamudra Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Science and Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (ITER), Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar 751030 Odisha India
| | - Prangya Ranjan Rout
- Department of BioTechnology, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar India
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Yang B, To DTH, Resendiz Mendoza E, Myung NV. Achieving One Part Per Billion Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S) Level Detection through Optimizing Composition and Crystallinity of Gold-Decorated Tungsten Trioxide (Au-WO 3) Nanofibers. ACS Sens 2024; 9:292-304. [PMID: 38215726 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
As a common environmental pollutant and an important breath biomarker for several diseases, it is essential to develop a hydrogen sulfide gas sensor with a low-ppb level detection limit to prevent harmful gas exposure and allow early diagnoses of diseases in low-resource settings. Gold doped/decorated tungsten trioxide (Au-WO3) nanofibers with various compositions and crystallinities were synthesized to optimize H2S-sensing performance. Systematically experimental results demonstrated the ability to detect 1 ppb H2S with a response value (Rair/Rgas) of 2.01 using a 5 at % Au-WO3 nanofibers with average grain sizes of around 15 nm. Additionally, energy barrier difference of sensing materials in air and nitrogen (ΔEb) and power law exponent (n) were determined to be 0.36 eV and 0.7, respectively, at 450 °C indicating that O- is predominately ionic oxygen species and adsorption of O- significantly altered the Schottky barrier between the grain. Such quantitative analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of H2S detection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame 46556, Indiana, United States
| | - Dung Thi Hanh To
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame 46556, Indiana, United States
| | - Emily Resendiz Mendoza
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame 46556, Indiana, United States
| | - Nosang V Myung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame 46556, Indiana, United States
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Tripathi D, Chauhan P, Rawat RK. A synergistic approach to enhance sensitivity and selectivity of room temperature operable ammonia gas sensor with humidity assistance using RGO/WO 3nanocomposite. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:065503. [PMID: 37918025 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the fabrication of an ultrahigh selective NH3gas sensor based on RGO/WO3nanocomposite has been proposed. The hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize the RGO/WO3nanocomposite. The formation of RGO/WO3nanocomposite and the elemental composition, structure and morphology of the as-synthesized materials were confirmed through an array of analytical techniques, including XRD, Raman, FT-IR, XPS and TEM. For gas sensing applications, pure RGO and RGO/WO3have effectively spin-coated onto the interdigitated electrodes (IDE's) based on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) respectively, and their sensitivity towards NH3was tested. Gas sensing characteristics of prepared materials were analyzed at room temperature (25 °C) under different relative humidity (RH) levels. The developed RGO/WO3sensor was subjected to different NH3concentrations, demonstrating a high sensing response of 89% towards 500 ppm NH3under 11%-97%-11% RH conditions. Notably, the sensor exhibited rapid response and recovery times with an average response time of 92 s and recovery time of 26 s when exposed to 500 ppm NH3under the specified RH conditions. To gauge the material selectivity, the prepared nanocomposite was exposed to a range of volatile organic compounds and the results showcased the sensor's remarkable selectivity and sensitivity specifically toward NH3vapor. This superior performance can be attributed to the abundant active sites and the excellent electron transport properties inherent to the RGO component. Importantly, the RGO/WO3sensor displayed high reproducibility and consistent responses, with minimal degradation (1.98% degradation) over 30 d at 11%-97%-11% RH. Furthermore, we examined the sensor's response with varying levels of relative humidity to assess its potential for real-world applications. The sensor exhibited extremely low power consumption, outperforming a commercially available metal oxide sensor while operating at ambient temperature. The robust performance of RGO/WO3coupled with low power requirements and ambient temperature operation, positions it as a promising candidate for next-generation gas sensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Tripathi
- Advanced Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, U.G.C. Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratima Chauhan
- Advanced Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, U.G.C. Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Rawat
- Advanced Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, U.G.C. Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Liu S, Wang M, He Y, Cheng Q, Qian T, Yan C. Covalent organic frameworks towards photocatalytic applications: Design principles, achievements, and opportunities. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Popcorn-like ZnFe2O4/CdS nanospheres for high-efficient photocatalyst degradation of rhodamine B. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Askari MB, Azizi S, Moghadam MTT, Seifi M, Rozati SM, Di Bartolomeo A. MnCo 2O 4/NiCo 2O 4/rGO as a Catalyst Based on Binary Transition Metal Oxide for the Methanol Oxidation Reaction. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4072. [PMID: 36432357 PMCID: PMC9694504 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The demands for alternative energy have led researchers to find effective electrocatalysts in fuel cells and increase the efficiency of existing materials. This study presents new nanocatalysts based on two binary transition metal oxides (BTMOs) and their hybrid with reduced graphene oxide for methanol oxidation. Characterization of the introduced three-component composite, including cobalt manganese oxide (MnCo2O4), nickel cobalt oxide (NiCo2O4), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in the form of MnCo2O4/NiCo2O4/rGO (MNR), was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. The alcohol oxidation capability of MnCo2O4/NiCo2O4 (MN) and MNR was evaluated in the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) process. The crucial role of rGO in improving the electrocatalytic properties of catalysts stems from its large active surface area and high electrical conductivity. The alcohol oxidation tests of MN and MNR showed an adequate ability to oxidize methanol. The better performance of MNR was due to the synergistic effect of MnCo2O4/NiCo2O4 and rGO. MN and MNR nanocatalysts, with a maximum current density of 14.58 and 24.76 mA/cm2 and overvoltage of 0.6 and 0.58 V, as well as cyclic stability of 98.3% and 99.7% (at optimal methanol concentration/scan rate of 20 mV/S), respectively, can be promising and inexpensive options in the field of efficient nanocatalysts for use in methanol fuel cell anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Askari
- Department of Semiconductor, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 7631818356, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azizi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 413351914, Iran
| | | | - Majid Seifi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 413351914, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Rozati
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 413351914, Iran
| | - Antonio Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Physics “E. R. Caianiello”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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Zhang H, Xiao J, Chen J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Jin P. Au modified PrFeO3 with hollow tubular structure can be efficient sensing material for H2S detection. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:969870. [PMID: 36091448 PMCID: PMC9449130 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.969870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The H2S concentration in exhaled breath increases marginally with the progress of periodontal disease, and H2S is considered to be one of the most important gases related to meat and seafood decomposition; however, the concentration of H2S is low and difficult to detect in such scenarios. In this study, Au–PrFeO3 nanocrystalline powders with high specific surface areas and porosities were prepared using an electrospinning method. Our experimental results show that loading Au on the material provides an effective way to increase its gas sensitivity. Au doping can decrease the material’s resistance by adjusting its energy band, allowing more oxygen ions to be adsorbed onto the material’s surface due to a spillover effect. Compared with pure PrFeO3, the response of 3 wt% Au–PrFeO3 is improved by more than 10 times, and the response time is more than 10 s shorter. In addition, the concentration of H2S due to the decomposition of shrimp was detected using the designed gas sensor, where the error was less than 15%, compared with that obtained using a GC-MS method. This study fully demonstrates the potential of Au–PrFeO3 for H2S concentration detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Xiao, ; Pan Jin,
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Pan Jin
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Xiao, ; Pan Jin,
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Three Keggin POMs-based coordination polymers constructed by linear N-heterocyclic ligand for proton conduction, photocatalytic activity and magnetic property. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Ratsameetammajak N, Autthawong T, Chairuangsri T, Kurata H, Yu AS, Sarakonsri T. Rice husk-derived nano-SiO 2 assembled on reduced graphene oxide distributed on conductive flexible polyaniline frameworks towards high-performance lithium-ion batteries. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14621-14630. [PMID: 35702249 PMCID: PMC9108973 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00526c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining rice husk-derived nano-silica and reduced graphene oxide and then polymerizing PANI by in situ polymerization, we created polyaniline-coated rice husk-derived nano-silica@reduced graphene oxide (PANI-SiO2@rGO) composites with excellent electrochemical performance. ATR-FTIR and XRD analyses confirm the formation of PANI-SiO2@rGO, implying that SiO2@rGO served as a template in the formation of composites. The morphology of PANI-SiO2@rGO was characterized by SEM, HRTEM, and STEM, in which SiO2 nanoparticles were homogeneously loaded on graphene sheets and the PANI fibrous network uniformly covers the SiO2@rGO composites. The structure can withstand the large volume change as well as retain electronic conductivity during Li-ion insertion/extraction. Over 400 cycles, the assembled composite retains a high reversible specific capacity of 680 mA h g-1 at a current density of 0.4 A g-1, whereas the SiO2@rGO retains only 414 mA h g-1 at 0.4 A g-1 after 215 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical performance of PANI-SiO2@rGO was a result of the dual protection provided by the PANI flexible layer and graphene sheets. PANI-SiO2@rGO composites may pave the way for the development of advanced anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthakan Ratsameetammajak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand .,Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand.,Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Thanapat Autthawong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand .,Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Torranin Chairuangsri
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Hiroki Kurata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Ai-Shui Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Yangpu Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Thapanee Sarakonsri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand .,Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand.,Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
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Iron oxide-immobilized porous carbon nanofiber-based radio frequency identification (RFID) tag sensor for detecting hydrogen sulfide. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Martins PM, Santos B, Salazar H, Carabineiro SAC, Botelho G, Tavares CJ, Lanceros-Mendez S. Multifunctional hybrid membranes for photocatalytic and adsorptive removal of water contaminants of emerging concern. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133548. [PMID: 34999100 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the combination of multifunctional photocatalytic and adsorbent materials in a unique polymeric membrane. For this purpose, Au/TiO2 and Y2(CO3)3 nanoparticles were immobilised onto a poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene), (PVDF-HFP) membrane, and the physical-chemical characterisation of these materials was performed, as well as pollutant removal efficiency. An efficient TiO2 functionalisation with gold nanoparticles was achieved, endowing these particles with the capability to absorb visible radiation absorption. A favourable porous structure was obtained for the membranes, with an average pore size of 4 μm, and the nanoparticles immobilisation did not alter the chemical properties of the polymeric membrane. The produced hybrid materials, including both the Au/TiO2 and Y2(CO3)3 nanoparticles, presented an efficiency of 57% in the degradation of norfloxacin (5 mg/L) under ultraviolet radiation for 120 min, 80% under visible radiation for 300 min, and 58% in arsenic adsorption for 240 min. These membranes represent a new multifunctional platform for removing several pollutants, which may allow their incorporation in more efficient and less energy-consuming water treatment processes favouring its application, even in low energy resources countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Martins
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; IB-S - Institute for Research and Innovation on Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Bruno Santos
- IB-S - Institute for Research and Innovation on Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Centre/Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - H Salazar
- Centre/Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Centre/Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sónia A C Carabineiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Largo da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - G Botelho
- Centre/Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos J Tavares
- Centre/Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - S Lanceros-Mendez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain.
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Nabi G, Majid A, Riaz A, Alharbi T, Arshad Kamran M, Al-Habardi M. Green synthesis of spherical TiO2 nanoparticles using Citrus Limetta extract: Excellent photocatalytic water decontamination agent for RhB dye. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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