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Li J, Xu Z, Zhu H. Spatial-temporal analysis and spatial drivers of hepatitis-related deaths in 183 countries, 2000-2019. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19845. [PMID: 37963888 PMCID: PMC10645816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis is the seventh leading cause of mortality worldwide and is the only communicable disease where mortality is increasing, yet the long-term spatial-temporal variation at global scale and its possible causes, i.e., drivers, remain unknown. Firstly, this study employed the measure of spatial autocorrelation, Moran's I, and the measure of local spatial cluster, Getis-Ord Gi*, to characterize the spatial variation of mortality due to hepatitis in 183 countries globally for years 2000, 2010, 2015 and 2019. Then, a novel spatial statistical method, named the Geographical Detector, was utilized to investigate eight possible influencing factors, i.e., risk factors, of the spatial-temporal variation of mortality due to hepatitis. The results showed significant disparities of hepatitis-related mortality rates among countries. Hot spots, representing locations with higher mortality rates, were consistently observed in Africa, East Asia, and Southeast Asia, while the cold spots, representing locations with lower mortality rates, were predominantly found in Europe and the Americas. Potential spatial drivers of hepatitis mortality, identified by geographical detector, include "health expenditure", "universal health coverage", and "per capita income". However, "hepatitis B immunization" and "total population" were not identified as significant spatial drivers for hepatitis mortality The findings highlighted the critical role of socioeconomic factors in the variations in hepatitis mortality, and pointed out relative importance of increasing health expenditure, per capita income, and improve universal health coverage on alleviating global hepatitis-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Geographical Sciences and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Guangdong Province of Maritime Silk Road of Guangzhou University (GD22TWCXGC15), Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Geography and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Zejia Xu
- School of Geographical Sciences and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- School of Geographical Sciences and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Oh C, Zhou A, O'Brien K, Jamal Y, Wennerdahl H, Schmidt AR, Shisler JL, Jutla A, Schmidt AR, Keefer L, Brown WM, Nguyen TH. Application of neighborhood-scale wastewater-based epidemiology in low COVID-19 incidence situations. Sci Total Environ 2022; 852:158448. [PMID: 36063927 PMCID: PMC9436825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), an emerging approach for community-wide COVID-19 surveillance, was primarily characterized at large sewersheds such as wastewater treatment plants serving a large population. Although informed public health measures can be better implemented for a small population, WBE for neighborhood-scale sewersheds is less studied and not fully understood. This study applied WBE to seven neighborhood-scale sewersheds (average population of 1471) from January to November 2021. Community testing data showed an average of 0.004 % incidence rate in these sewersheds (97 % of monitoring periods reported two or fewer daily infections). In 92 % of sewage samples, SARS-CoV-2 N gene fragments were below the limit of quantification. We statistically determined 10-2.6 as the threshold of the SARS-CoV-2 N gene concentration normalized to pepper mild mottle virus (N/PMMOV) to alert high COVID-19 incidence rate in the studied sewershed. This threshold of N/PMMOV identified neighborhood-scale outbreaks (COVID-19 incidence rate higher than 0.2 %) with 82 % sensitivity and 51 % specificity. Importantly, neighborhood-scale WBE can discern local outbreaks that would not otherwise be identified by city-scale WBE. Our findings suggest that neighborhood-scale WBE is an effective community-wide disease surveillance tool when COVID-19 incidence is maintained at a low level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamteut Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States.
| | - Aijia Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Kate O'Brien
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Yusuf Jamal
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Hayden Wennerdahl
- Illinois State Water Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Arthur R Schmidt
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Joanna L Shisler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Antarpreet Jutla
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Arthur R Schmidt
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Laura Keefer
- Illinois State Water Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - William M Brown
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Thanh H Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States; Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States
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Chen C, Li J, Huang J. Spatial-Temporal Patterns of Population Aging in Rural China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15631. [PMID: 36497704 PMCID: PMC9740567 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Population aging has been accelerating in China since the 1990s, and the number of people over 65 reached 190 million in 2020. However, the spatial distribution of the aged is not homogeneous; in rural areas, the aged population accounted for 17.72% of the total population, whereas in urban areas, it accounted for 11.11%, which is 6.61 p.p. less. Therefore, this study aims to examine the spatial heterogeneity and influencing factors of population aging in rural China from 2000 to 2020. (2) Methods: First, Getis-Ord Gi* was used to analyze the spatial clustering of the aged population in rural China. Then, standard deviational ellipse was used to characterize the temporal trend of the spatial clustering of population aging in rural China. Finally, potential influencing factors that could have contributed to the spatial-temporal patterns were analyzed using a novel spatial statistical package "Geographical Detector". (3) Results: (a). Aging in rural populations increased and occurred throughout China from 2000 to 2020. (b). The spatial patterns of aging in China are roughly divided by the Hu Line, which is the population density boundary of China. (c). The mean center of the aged population tended to orient around a northeast-to-southwest major axis over the past 20 years, contrary to the internal migration pattern that flows from north to south. (d). The population age structure, longevity rate, and fertility rate were the predominant factors of aging in rural areas. (4) Conclusions: As the aged population is rapidly increasing in rural areas in China in a spatially heterogeneous fashion, governments and private sectors need to collaborate to alleviate the problem.
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Conteh I, Yan J, Dovi KS, Bajinka O, Massey IY, Turay B. Prevalence and associated influential factors of mental health problems among Chinese college students during different stages of COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Psychiatry Research Communications 2022; 2:100082. [PMID: 36405955 PMCID: PMC9659281 DOI: 10.1016/j.psycom.2022.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to take China as an example to determine the prevalence of mental health problems and associated influential factors of college students in different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and provide a reference for effective intervention in the future. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google scholar. A total of 30 articles were included. 1,477,923 Chinese college students were surveyed. In the early stage, the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD ranged from 9.0% to 65.2%, 6.88%-41.1%, 8.53%-67.05%, and 2.7%-30.8%, respectively. Major risk factors were being a female, a medical student, isolation or quarantine, having family members or friends infected with COVID-19, and challenges of online learning. During the normalization stage, depression, anxiety, and insomnia prevalence rates ranged from 8.7% to 50.2%, 4.2%-34.6%, and 6.1%-35.0%, respectively. The main risk factors were self-quarantined after school reopening, regular taking temperature, and wearing face masks. The prevalence rates of mental health problems and associated influential factors unveiled in both stages showed that the students' mental health status was greatly affected. Therefore, a combination of efforts from the government, universities, and families or communities is highly needed to alleviate the mental health sufferings of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishmail Conteh
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Shang Mayuanling, KaiFu District, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University, Sierra Leone
| | - Junxia Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Shang Mayuanling, KaiFu District, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Kodzovi Sylvain Dovi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan province, 410078, PR China
- Advanced School of Biological Sciences and Food Techniques, University of Lomé (ESTBA-UL), BP 1515, Lomé, Togo
| | - Ousman Bajinka
- Department of Microbiology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, PR China
- School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, The Gambia
| | - Isaac Yaw Massey
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Shang Mayuanling, KaiFu District, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Bashiru Turay
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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Nazia N, Butt ZA, Bedard ML, Tang W, Sehar H, Law J. Methods Used in the Spatial and Spatiotemporal Analysis of COVID-19 Epidemiology: A Systematic Review. IJERPH 2022; 19:8267. [PMID: 35886114 PMCID: PMC9324591 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic was spatially heterogeneous around the world; the transmission of the disease is driven by complex spatial and temporal variations in socioenvironmental factors. Spatial tools are useful in supporting COVID-19 control programs. A substantive review of the merits of the methodological approaches used to understand the spatial epidemiology of the disease is hardly undertaken. In this study, we reviewed the methodological approaches used to identify the spatial and spatiotemporal variations of COVID-19 and the socioeconomic, demographic and climatic drivers of such variations. We conducted a systematic literature search of spatial studies of COVID-19 published in English from Embase, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science databases from 1 January 2019 to 7 September 2021. Methodological quality assessments were also performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) risk of bias tool. A total of 154 studies met the inclusion criteria that used frequentist (85%) and Bayesian (15%) modelling approaches to identify spatial clusters and the associated risk factors. Bayesian models in the studies incorporated various spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal effects into the modelling schemes. This review highlighted the need for more local-level advanced Bayesian spatiotemporal modelling through the multi-level framework for COVID-19 prevention and control strategies.
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Guan M. Panel Associations Between Newly Dead, Healed, Recovered, and Confirmed Cases During COVID-19 Pandemic. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2021; 12:40-55. [PMID: 34893956 PMCID: PMC8664669 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-021-00019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the knowledge of associations among newly recovered cases (NR), newly healed cases (NH), newly confirmed cases (NC), and newly dead cases (ND) can help to monitor, evaluate, predict, control, and curb the spreading of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to explore the panel associations of ND, NH, and NR with NC. Methods Data from China Data Lab in Harvard Dataverse with China (January 15, 2020 to January 14, 2021), the United States of America (the USA, January 21, 2020 to April 5, 2021), and the World (January 22, 2020 to March 20, 2021) had been analyzed. The main variables included in the present analysis were ND, NH, NR, and NC. Pooled regression, stacked within-transformed linear regression, quantile regression for panel data, random-effects negative binomial regression, and random-effects Poisson regression were conducted to reflect the associations of ND, NH, and NR with NC. Event study analyses were performed to explore how the key events influenced NC. Results Descriptive analyses showed that mean value of ND/NC ratio regarding China was more than those regarding the USA and the World. The results from tentative analysis reported the significant relationships among ND, NH, NR, and NC regarding China, the USA, and the World. Panel regressions confirmed associations of ND, NH, and NR with NC regarding China, the USA, and the World. Panel event study showed that key events influenced NC regarding USA and the World more greatly than that regarding China. Conclusion The findings in this study confirmed the panel associations of ND, NH, and NR with NC in the three datasets. The efficiencies of various control strategies of COVID-19 pandemic across the globe were compared by the regression outcomes. Future direction of research work could explore the influencing mechanisms of the panel associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guan
- International Issues Center, Xuchang University, No. 88 Road Bayi, Xuchang, Henan, China. .,Family Issues Center, Xuchang University, No. 88 Road Bayi, Xuchang, Henan, China. .,School of Business, Xuchang University, No. 88 Road Bayi, Xuchang, Henan, China.
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