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Giulioni C, Pitoni L, Fuligni D, Beltrami M, Passarella V, Palantrani V, De Stefano V, Castellani D, Galosi AB. Pudendal nerve neurolysis outcomes for urogenital and rectal disorders in patients suffering from pudendal nerve entrapment: A systematic review. Investig Clin Urol 2024; 65:230-239. [PMID: 38714513 PMCID: PMC11076799 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20230402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pudendal neuropathy is an uncommon condition that exhibits several symptoms depending on the site of nerve entrapment. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of pudendal nerve neurolysis (PNN) in improving lower urinary tract symptoms, anal and/or urinary incontinence, and sexual dysfunctions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was performed on 20 May 2023 using Scopus, PubMed, and Embase. Only English and adult papers were included. Meeting abstracts and preclinical studies were excluded. RESULTS Twenty-one papers were accepted, revealing significant findings in the field. The study identified four primary sites of pudendal nerve entrapment (PNE), with the most prevalent location likely being at the level of the Alcock canal. Voiding symptoms are commonly exhibited in patients with PNE. PNN improved both urgency and voiding symptoms, and urinary and anal incontinence but is less effective in cases of long-standing entrapment. Regarding sexual function, the recovery of the somatic afferent pathway results in an improvement in erectile function early after neurolysis. Complete relief of persistent genital arousal disorder occurs in women, although bilateral PNN is necessary to achieve the efficacy. PNN is associated with low-grade complications. CONCLUSIONS PNN emerges as a viable option for addressing urinary symptoms, fecal incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and female sexual arousal in patients suffering from PNE with minimal postoperative morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Giulioni
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Lucia Pitoni
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Demetra Fuligni
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mattia Beltrami
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valeria Passarella
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vanessa Palantrani
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Virgilio De Stefano
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniele Castellani
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Benedetto Galosi
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Giulioni C, Pirola GM, Maggi M, Pitoni L, Fuligni D, Beltrami M, Palantrani V, De Stefano V, Maurizi V, Castellani D, Galosi AB. Pudendal Nerve Neurolysis in Patients Afflicted With Pudendal Nerve Entrapment: A Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques and Their Efficacy. Int Neurourol J 2024; 28:11-21. [PMID: 38569616 PMCID: PMC10990758 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2448010.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess the effectiveness and safety of various techniques of pudendal nerve neurolysis (PNN) in patients with pudendal nerve entrapment (PNE). A comprehensive literature search was conducted on May 20th, 2023, using Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases. Only studies in English involving adults were accepted, while meeting abstracts and preclinical studies were excluded. A total of 34 papers were included. Transperineal PNN emerged as a promising technique, demonstrating significant potential in alleviating pain, restoring erectile function in males, and improving the resolution of urinary stress incontinence in females. Furthermore, the bilateral approach consistently yielded positive outcomes in addressing urinary symptoms. The transgluteal technique appeared particularly suitable for cases of posterior PNE, situated between the sacrospinous ligament and the lesser sciatic foramen. A progressive amelioration of painful symptoms was observed during follow-up. Minimally invasive PNN is evolving and enables decompression along the entire proximal tract up to the Alcock canal, minimizing the risk of comorbidities. In addition to reducing pudendal neuralgia, robot-assisted and laparoscopic approaches determined a reduction in lower urinary tract symptoms and an improvement in erectile function, though further studies are required to corroborate these findings. PNN emerges as an effective treatment for PNE with minimal morbidity. Therefore, PNN should be tailored according to the site of PNE to enhance functional outcomes and improve patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Giulioni
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Martina Maggi
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Polyclinic Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pitoni
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Demetra Fuligni
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mattia Beltrami
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vanessa Palantrani
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Virgilio De Stefano
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Maurizi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniele Castellani
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Benedetto Galosi
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Allaire C, Yong PJ, Bajzak K, Jarrell J, Lemos N, Miller C, Morin M, Nasr-Esfahani M, Singh SS, Chen I. Directive clinique n o445 : Gestion de la douleur pelvienne chronique. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2024; 46:102284. [PMID: 38341222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2023.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
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Allaire C, Yong PJ, Bajzak K, Jarrell J, Lemos N, Miller C, Morin M, Nasr-Esfahani M, Singh SS, Chen I. Guideline No. 445: Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2024; 46:102283. [PMID: 38341225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2023.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide evidence-based recommendations for the management of chronic pelvic pain in females. TARGET POPULATION This guideline is specific to pelvic pain in adolescent and adult females and excluded literature that looked at pelvic pain in males. It also did not address genital pain. BENEFITS, HARMS, AND COSTS The intent is to benefit patients with chronic pelvic pain by providing an evidence-based approach to management. Access to certain interventions such as physiotherapy and psychological treatments, and to interdisciplinary care overall, may be limited by costs and service availability. EVIDENCE Medline and the Cochrane Database from 1990 to 2020 were searched for articles in English on subjects related to chronic pelvic pain, including diagnosis, overlapping pain conditions, central sensitization, management, medications, surgery, physiotherapy, psychological therapies, alternative and complementary therapies, and multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary care. The committee reviewed the literature and available data and used a consensus approach to develop recommendations. Only articles in English and pertaining to female subjects were included. VALIDATION METHODS The authors rated the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. See online Appendix A (Tables A1 for definitions and A2 for interpretations of strong and conditional [weak] recommendations). INTENDED AUDIENCE Family physicians, gynaecologists, urologists, pain specialists, physiotherapists, and mental health professionals. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Management of chronic pelvic pain should consider multifactorial contributors, including underlying central sensitization/nociplastic pain, and employ an interdisciplinary biopsychosocial approach that includes pain education, physiotherapy, and psychological & medical treatments. SUMMARY STATEMENTS RECOMMENDATIONS.
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Häckel S, Christen S, Vögelin E, Keel MJB. Exposure of the Lumbosacral Plexus by Using the Pararectus Approach: A Technical Note. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2023; 24:e1-e9. [PMID: 36227214 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical exploration of the lumbosacral plexus is challenging. Previously described approaches reach from invasive open techniques with osteotomy of the ilium to laparoscopic techniques. OBJECTIVE To describe a novel surgical technique to explore lumbosacral plexopathies such as benign nerve tumors or iatrogenic lesions of the lumbosacral plexus in 4 case examples. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 4 patients suffering from pathologies or injuries of the lumbosacral plexus between 2017 and 2019. The mean follow-up period after surgery was 23.5 (range 11-52) months. All patients underwent neurolysis of the lumbosacral plexus using the single incision, intrapelvic, extraperitoneal pararectus approach. RESULTS In all patients, the pathology of the lumbosacral plexus was successfully visualized, proving feasibility of the extraperitoneal pararectus approach for this indication. There were no major complications, and all patients recovered well. CONCLUSION The pararectus approach allows excellent visualization of the lumbar plexus and intrapelvic lesions of the femoral and sciatic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Häckel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Christen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Esther Vögelin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marius J B Keel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Hand and Plastic Surgery and Surgery of Peripheral Nerves, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Trauma Center Hirslanden, Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland
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Basol G, Kale A, Gurbuz H, Gundogdu EC, Baydilli KN, Usta T. Transvaginal pudendal nerve blocks in patients with pudendal neuralgia: 2-year follow-up results. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022; 306:1107-1116. [PMID: 35633372 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pudendal neuralgia (PN) is an extremely painful neuropathy of the pudendal nerve resulting in a negative impact on a patient's quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the 2-year outcomes of repetitive doses of the transvaginal pudendal nerve injections (PNI), and to compare the success of the PNI concerning anatomical levels (endopelvic and extrapelvic portion) of the pudendal nerve pathology. METHODS This retrospective longitudinal cohort study consists of patients with PN diagnosed with the first four essential Nantes criteria. Diagnostic PNI was performed on 67 patients to fulfill the fifth criteria of Nantes. A total of 56 patients who responded to the initial diagnostic PNI underwent therapeutic repeated transvaginal PNIs twice for 3 weeks apart. Mean pain intensity scores were measured using a visual analog scale at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th months after the therapeutic blocks were completed. Effectiveness of the PNIs' was defined as ≥ 50% improvement of the initial pain, and relative improvement was defined as 30-50% improvement of the initial pain. Treatment failure was defined as the reduction of the initial pain by less than 30% or the return of the pain to its worst condition. RESULTS The efficacy of the PNIs significantly declined over time. Pudendal nerve blocks provided a significant decrease in pain scores; however, this decrease lost its strength significantly in the 24th month. The intervention was more effective in entrapments of the pudendal nerve between sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments or below (Level-2) when compared to the injuries in the endopelvic part (Level-1). More than 50% pain reduction continued in five patients with pathology at Level-1 and 24 patients with pathology at Level-2. CONCLUSION Repeated PNIs could provide a significant decrease in pain scores for both short- and long-term periods. However, the efficacy of the PNIs declined over 2 years. The success of PNIs may be affected by the anatomical level of the nerve injury; therefore, interligamentous pudendal nerve entrapment cases have more benefits than the cases of pudendal nerve entrapment in the endopelvic part. However, it is recommended to perform therapeutic nerve blocks even in patients with suspected endopelvic pudendal nerve pathology before the referral to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulfem Basol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Science Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Science Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Gurbuz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital Mimar Sinan Mh, Emniyet Cd., 16310, Bursa, Turkey. .,Department of Anatomy, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Elif Cansu Gundogdu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Science Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kursad Nuri Baydilli
- Management and Organization Program, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taner Usta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acibadem University, Altunizade Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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