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Desai R, Chawla H, Larin K, Assassi S. Methods for objective assessment of skin involvement in systemic sclerosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2023; 35:301-308. [PMID: 37605869 PMCID: PMC11015902 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Skin fibrosis is the most prominent disease manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Although the treatment for other SSc manifestations has expanded over the years, there is limited progress in identifying effective treatment options for SSc skin involvement. This is in part due to limitations in the utilized outcome measures for assessment of skin fibrosis. This review focuses on different emerging assessment tools for SSc skin involvement and their potential use for clinical care and multicenter trials. RECENT FINDINGS Durometer and other device-based methodologies requiring application of direct pressure to the affected skin have been studied in SSc. However, there are concerns that the required application of pressure might be a source of variability. Ultrasound-based methods have been compared with modified Rodnan Skin Score in several studies, indicating acceptable construct validity. However, few studies have examined their criterion validity by providing comparisons to skin histology. Optical coherence-based methods show promising preliminary results for simultaneous assessment of skin fibrosis and vasculopathy. Further standardization and validation (including comparison to skin histology) of these promising novel assessment tools in large, longitudinal SSc cohort studies are needed to establish them as clinically useful outcome measures with acceptable sensitivity to change. SUMMARY Recent advances in imaging techniques provide a promising opportunity for development of a valid and reliable assessment tool for quantification of SSc skin fibrosis, which can pave the way for approval of effective treatment options for this high burden disease manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhani Desai
- Division of Rheumatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harshdeep Chawla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kirill Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shervin Assassi
- Division of Rheumatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
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Afsharan H, Silva D, Joo C, Cense B. Non-Invasive Retinal Blood Vessel Wall Measurements with Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography for Diabetes Assessment: A Quantitative Study. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1230. [PMID: 37627295 PMCID: PMC10452597 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes affects the structure of the blood vessel walls. Since the blood vessel walls are made of birefringent organized tissue, any change or damage to this organization can be evaluated using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). In this paper, we used PS-OCT along with the blood vessel wall birefringence index (BBI = thickness/birefringence2) to non-invasively assess the structural integrity of the human retinal blood vessel walls in patients with diabetes and compared the results to those of healthy subjects. PS-OCT measurements revealed that blood vessel walls of diabetic patients exhibit a much higher birefringence while having the same wall thickness and therefore lower BBI values. Applying BBI to diagnose diabetes demonstrated high accuracy (93%), sensitivity (93%) and specificity (93%). PS-OCT measurements can quantify small changes in the polarization properties of retinal vessel walls associated with diabetes, which provides researchers with a new imaging tool to determine the effects of exercise, medication, and alternative diets on the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Afsharan
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Dilusha Silva
- Microelectronics Research Group, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Chulmin Joo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Barry Cense
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
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Firoozi A, Amphawan A, Khordad R, Mohammadi A, Jalali T, Edet CO, Ali N. Effect of nanoshell geometries, sizes, and quantum emitter parameters on the sensitivity of plasmon-exciton hybrid nanoshells for sensing application. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11325. [PMID: 37443203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A proposed nanosensor based on hybrid nanoshells consisting of a core of metal nanoparticles and a coating of molecules is simulated by plasmon-exciton coupling in semi classical approach. We study the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with multilevel atoms in a way that takes into account both the spatial and the temporal dependence of the local fields. Our approach has a wide range of applications, from the description of pulse propagation in two-level media to the elaborate simulation of optoelectronic devices, including sensors. We have numerically solved the corresponding system of coupled Maxwell-Liouville equations using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for different geometries. Plasmon-exciton hybrid nanoshells with different geometries are designed and simulated, which shows more sensitive to environment refractive index (RI) than nanosensor based on localized surface plasmon. The effects of nanoshell geometries, sizes, and quantum emitter parameters on the sensitivity of nanosensors to changes in the RI of the environment were investigated. It was found that the cone-like nanoshell with a silver core and quantum emitter shell had the highest sensitivity. The tapered shape of the cone like nanoshell leads to a higher density of plasmonic excitations at the tapered end of the nanoshell. Under specific conditions, two sharp, deep LSPR peaks were evident in the scattering data. These distinguishing features are valuable as signatures in nanosensors requiring fast, noninvasive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Firoozi
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 75918, Iran
| | - Angela Amphawan
- Smart Photonics Research Laboratory, Sunway University, 47500, Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Future Cities Research Institute, Sunway University, 47500, Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - R Khordad
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 75918, Iran.
| | - A Mohammadi
- Department of Physics, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75196, Iran
| | - T Jalali
- Department of Physics, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75196, Iran
| | - C O Edet
- Institute of Engineering Mathematics, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - N Ali
- Department of Physics, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
- Advanced Communication Engineering (ACE) Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
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Lichtenegger A, Baumann B, Yasuno Y. Optical Coherence Tomography Is a Promising Tool for Zebrafish-Based Research-A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 10:5. [PMID: 36671577 PMCID: PMC9854701 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is an established vertebrae model in the field of biomedical research. With its small size, rapid maturation time and semi-transparency at early development stages, it has proven to be an important animal model, especially for high-throughput studies. Three-dimensional, high-resolution, non-destructive and label-free imaging techniques are perfectly suited to investigate these animals over various development stages. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an interferometric-based optical imaging technique that has revolutionized the diagnostic possibilities in the field of ophthalmology and has proven to be a powerful tool for many microscopic applications. Recently, OCT found its way into state-of-the-art zebrafish-based research. This review article gives an overview and a discussion of the relevant literature and an outlook for this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Lichtenegger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Bernhard Baumann
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
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Frech TM, Frech M, Saknite I, O'Connell KA, Ghosh S, Baba J, Tkaczyk ER. Novel therapies and innovation for systemic sclerosis skin ulceration. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2022; 36:101813. [PMID: 36609122 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2022.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin ulceration is an important cause of morbidity in systemic sclerosis and can occur at anytime during disease progression. Incident disease cohorts are important for understanding whether skin ulceration represents active vasculopathy versus resultant damage. Biomarkers for skin ulcer pathogenesis, both serum and imaging, are under investigation to elucidate the functional consequences of the structural abnormalities. Novel therapeutics for the treatment of vasculopathy benefit from reliable biomarkers able to predict the disease evolution remains an important unmet need. Nonetheless, a diagnostic approach that captures early skin ulceration and treatments that restore vascular and immune homeostasis is critical for effective systemic sclerosis (SSc) vasculopathy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Frech
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Dermatology Service and Research Service, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | | | - Inga Saknite
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Nashville, TN, USA; University of Latvia, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, Biophotonics Laboratory, Riga, Latvia
| | - Katie A O'Connell
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shramana Ghosh
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Dermatology Service and Research Service, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin Baba
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric R Tkaczyk
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Dermatology Service and Research Service, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Herrick AL, Assassi S, Denton CP. Skin involvement in early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: an unmet clinical need. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:276-285. [PMID: 35292731 PMCID: PMC8922394 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) is associated with high mortality resulting from early internal-organ involvement. Clinicians therefore tend to focus on early diagnosis and treatment of potentially life-threatening cardiorespiratory and renal disease. However, the rapidly progressive painful, itchy skin tightening that characterizes dcSSc is the symptom that has the greatest effect on patients' quality of life, and there is currently no effective disease-modifying treatment for it. Considerable advances have been made in predicting the extent and rate of skin-disease progression (which vary between patients), including the development of techniques such as molecular analysis of skin biopsy samples. Risk stratification for progressive skin disease is especially relevant now that haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is a treatment option, because stratification will inform the balance of risk versus benefit for each patient. Measurement of skin disease is a major challenge. Results from clinical trials have highlighted limitations of the modified Rodnan skin score (the current gold standard). Alternative patient-reported and other potential outcome measures have been and are being developed. Patients with early dcSSc should be referred to specialist centres to ensure best-practice management, including the management of their skin disease, and to maximize opportunities for inclusion in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane L Herrick
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Shervin Assassi
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
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