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Zhu WF, Empel C, Pelliccia S, Koenigs RM, Proschak E, Hernandez-Olmos V. Photochemistry in Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38457829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Photochemistry has emerged as a transformative force in organic chemistry, significantly expanding the chemical space accessible for medicinal chemistry. Light-induced reactions enable the efficient synthesis of intricate organic structures and have found applications throughout the different stages of the drug discovery and development processes. Moreover, photochemical techniques provide innovative solutions in chemical biology, allowing precise spatiotemporal drug activation and targeted delivery. In this Perspective, we highlight the already numerous remarkable applications and the even more promising future of photochemistry in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Felix Zhu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claire Empel
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sveva Pelliccia
- Department of Pharmacy (DoE 2023-2027), University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Victor Hernandez-Olmos
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Lejwoda K, Gumieniczek A, Filip A, Naumczuk B. The Study on Timolol and Its Potential Phototoxicity Using Chemical, In Silico and In Vitro Methods. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:98. [PMID: 38256931 PMCID: PMC10818944 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Timolol (TIM) is a non-selective ß-adrenergic receptor antagonist used orally for the treatment of hypertension and heart attacks, and topically for treating glaucoma; lately, it has also been used in some specific dermatological problems. In the present study, its photodegradation and potential risk of phototoxicity were examined using chemical, in silico and in vitro methods. The UV/VIS irradiated solutions of TIM at pH 1-13 were subjected to LC-UV and UPLC-HRMS/MS analyses showing pseudo first-order kinetics of degradation and several degradation products. The structures of these photodegradants were elucidated by fragmentation path analysis based on high resolution (HR) fragmentation mass spectra, and then used for toxicity evaluation using OSIRIS Property Explorer and Toxtree. Potential risk of phototoxicity was also studied using chemical tests for detecting ROS under UV/VIS irradiation and in vitro tests on BALB/c 3T3 mouse fibroblasts (MTT, NRU and Live/Dead tests). TIM was shown to be potentially phototoxic because of its UV/VIS absorptive properties and generation ROS during irradiation. As was observed in the MTT and NRU tests, the co-treatment of fibroblasts with TIM and UV/VIS light inhibited cell viability, especially when concentrations of the drug were higher than 50 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Lejwoda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Gumieniczek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agata Filip
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Beata Naumczuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
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Mateos-Pujante A, Jiménez MC, Andreu I. Assessment of the PARP inhibitor talazoparib photosafety profile. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115593. [PMID: 37793275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Talazoparib (TLZ) is a poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase inhibitor employed for the treatment of breast cancer. This drug displays an absorption band in the UVA region, and therefore investigation of the possible phototoxic side-effects associated to its administration results of enormous relevance. In this context, we describe here a photochemical and photobiological study to ascertain the photosafety profile of TLZ. Concerning transient species, the singlet and triplet excited states of TLZ were detected by fluorescence (λmax em = 440 nm) and laser flash photolysis experiments (λmax abs = 400 nm), respectively. Remarkably, TLZ irradiation with UVA light in aqueous solution resulted in formation of a stable photooxidated product, TLZ-P, whose absorption band is extended until the visible region. From in vitro experiments, phototoxicity was revealed for the parent drug by neutral red uptake (NRU) assays, with a PIF value of ca 7; besides, TLZ induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and produced significant damage to both proteins and DNA. By contrast, the singlet and triplet excited states of TLZ-P were not detected, and no photodamage was observed in the NRU experiments. Overall, the results indicate that TLZ induces phototoxicity, whereas its photoproduct exhibits photosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Mateos-Pujante
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación Universitat Politècnica de València -Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Consuelo Jiménez
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación Universitat Politècnica de València -Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Andreu
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación Universitat Politècnica de València -Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
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Zhang Q, Ding Y, Shu Y, Chen J. A real-world disproportionality analysis of Rucaparib: Post-marketing Pharmacovigilance Data. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:745. [PMID: 37568126 PMCID: PMC10416473 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rucaparib has been approved for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. However, the long-term safety of rucaparib in large sample population was unknown. The presented study aimed to evaluate rucaparib-associated adverse events (AEs) according to the real-world pharmacovigilance database. METHODS Disproportionality analysis was conducted to assess the association between rucaparib and its AEs. Data were collected from the international pharmacovigilance database of US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) between January 2017 and June 2022. The characteristics of rucaparib-related AEs, and the onset time were further analyzed. RESULTS A total of 9,296,694 AE reports were recorded in the FAERS during the study period, among which 7,087 reports were associated with rucaparib. About 135 rucaparib-related AE signals in 15 system organ class (SOCs) were identified. The most common AEs included anaemia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, blood creatinine increase, alanine aminotransferase increase, and aspartate aminotransferase increase, which were listed in the label for rucaparib. Of note, 21 new and unexpected significant AEs that off-label were also found in our study, such as preferred term (PTs) of intestinal obstruction, gastrooesophageal reflux disease, blood iron decreased, dehydration, and hypersomnia. The median onset time of rucaparib-related AEs was 12 days (interquartile range [IQR] 1-62 days), and had early failure types. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated potential new AEs of rucaparib, and further studies were expected to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yiling Ding
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yamin Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Zhang H, Abou D, Lu P, Hasson AM, Villmer A, Benabdallah N, Jiang W, Ulmert D, Carlin S, Rogers BE, Turtle NF, McDevitt MR, Baumann B, Simons BW, Dehdashti F, Zhou D, Thorek DLJ. [ 18F]-Labeled PARP-1 PET imaging of PSMA targeted alpha particle radiotherapy response. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13034. [PMID: 35906379 PMCID: PMC9338249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing interest and clinical translation of alpha particle (α) therapies brings with it new challenges to assess target cell engagement and to monitor therapeutic effect. Noninvasive imaging has great potential to guide α-treatment and to harness the potential of these agents in the complex environment of disseminated disease. Poly(ADP) ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is among the most abundantly expressed DNA repair enzymes with key roles in multiple repair pathways-such as those induced by irradiation. Here, we used a third-generation PARP1-specific radiotracer, [18F]-PARPZ, to delineate castrate resistant prostate cancer xenografts. Following treatment with the clinically applied [225Ac]-PSMA-617, positron emission tomography was performed and correlative autoradiography and histology acquired. [18F]-PARPZ was able to distinguish treated from control (saline) xenografts by increased uptake. Kinetic analysis of tracer accumulation also suggests that the localization of the agent to sites of increased PARP-1 expression is a consequence of DNA damage response. Together, these data support expanded investigation of [18F]-PARPZ to facilitate clinical translation in the ⍺-therapy space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Campus, Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Oncologic Imaging Program, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Diane Abou
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Campus, Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Radiology Cyclotron Facility, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Campus, Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abbie Meghan Hasson
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Campus, Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexandria Villmer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Campus, Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nadia Benabdallah
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Campus, Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Ulmert
- Johnsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sean Carlin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Norman F Turtle
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Campus, Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael R McDevitt
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Baumann
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian W Simons
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farrokh Dehdashti
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Campus, Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Oncologic Imaging Program, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Campus, Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Campus, Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Oncologic Imaging Program, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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