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Qi J, Huang X, Xiao X, Zhang X, Zhou P, Zhang S, Li R, Kou H, Jiang F, Yao Y, Song J, Feng X, Shi Y, Luo W, Chen L. Isotope engineering achieved by local coordination design in Ti-Pd co-doped ZrCo-based alloys. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2883. [PMID: 38570487 PMCID: PMC10991433 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Deuterium/Tritium (D/T) handling in defined proportions are pivotal to maintain steady-state operation for fusion reactors. However, the hydrogen isotope effect in metal-hydrogen systems always disturbs precise D/T ratio control. Here, we reveal the dominance of kinetic isotope effect during desorption. To reconcile the thermodynamic stability and isotope effect, we demonstrate a quantitative indicator of Tgap and further a local coordination design strategy that comprises thermodynamic destabilization with vibration enhancement of interstitial isotopes for isotope engineering. Based on theoretical screening analysis, an optimized Ti-Pd co-doped Zr0.8Ti0.2Co0.8Pd0.2 alloy is designed and prepared. Compared to ZrCo alloy, the optimal alloy enables consistent isotope delivery together with a three-fold lower Tgap, a five-fold lower energy barrier difference, a one-third lower isotopic composition deviation during desorption and an over two-fold higher cycling capacity. This work provides insights into the interaction between alloy and hydrogen isotopes, thus opening up feasible approaches to support high-performance fusion reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621907, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuezhang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Storage and Transportation Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Panpan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruhong Li
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Huaqin Kou
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621907, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fei Jiang
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621907, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621907, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiangfeng Song
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621907, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingwen Feng
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621907, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621907, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenhua Luo
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621907, Sichuan, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Sunahara A, Hassanein A, Tomita K, Namba S, Higashiguchi T. Optimization of extreme ultra-violet light emitted from the CO 2 laser-irradiated tin plasmas using 2D radiation hydrodynamic simulations. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:31780-31795. [PMID: 37858995 DOI: 10.1364/oe.497282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We studied Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) emission characteristics of the 13.5 nm wavelength from CO2 laser-irradiated pre-formed tin plasmas using 2D radiation hydrodynamic simulations. Our results indicate that when a CO2 laser irradiates pre-formed tin plasma, the heated plasma expands towards the surrounding plasma, steepening the density at the ablation front and lowering the density near the laser axis due to the transverse motion of the plasma. Consequently, the laser absorption fraction decreases, and the contribution to EUV output from the ablation front becomes dominant over that from the low-density plasmas. We estimated that an EUV conversion efficiency of 10% from laser to EUV emission could be achieved with a larger laser spot size, shortened laser pulse width, and longer pre-formed plasma density scale length. Our results offer one optimizing solution to achieve an efficient and powerful EUV light source for the next-generation semiconductors.
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Aimetta A, Moscheni M, Singh L, Marsden C, Scarabosio A, Sertoli M, Sladkomedova A, Subba F, Varje J, Wu H. Forward modelling of Dα camera view in ST40 informed by experimental data. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Liquid lithium as divertor material to mitigate severe damage of nearby components during plasma transients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18782. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe successful operation of thermonuclear fusion reactors such as ITER, DEMO, and future commercial plants is mainly determined by the optimum choice of materials for various components. The objective of this work is to accurately and comprehensively simulate the entire device in 3D to predict pros and cons of various materials, e.g., liquid lithium in comparison to tungsten and carbon to predict future ITER-like and DEMO divertor performances. We used our comprehensive HEIGHTS simulation package to investigate ITER-like components response during transient events in exact 3D geometry. Starting from the lost hot core plasma particles through SOL, deposition on the divertor surface, and the generation of secondary plasma of divertor materials. Our simulations predicted significant reduction in the heat loading and damage to the divertor nearby and internal components in the case when lithium is used on the divertor plates. While if tungsten or carbon are used on the divertor plate, significant melting areas and vaporization spots can occur (less for carbon) on the reflector, dome, and stainless steel tubes, and even parts of the first walls can melt due to the high radiation power of the secondary divertor plasma. Lithium photon radiation deposition into the divertor and nearby surfaces was decreased by two orders of magnitude compared to tungsten and by one order of magnitude compared to carbon. This analysis showed that using liquid lithium for ITER-like surfaces and future DEMO can lead to significant enhancement in components lifetime.
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