Non-fermented tea consumption protects against osteoporosis among Chinese male elders using the Taiwan biobank database

Causal association among smoking, bitter beverage consumption, and risk of osteoporosis: a two-sample mendelian randomization-based study

OBJECTIVES

Two-sample MR methods were employed to analyze the impact of smoking and bitter beverage consumption on the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporosis with pathological fractures, in order to assess the causal association.

METHODS

Publicly available genome-wide association study summary data were analyzed using MR methods. The exposures investigated were smoking (smoking per day, smoking initiation, and lifetime smoking index) and bitter beverages (coffee, tea, bitter alcoholic beverages, bitter non-alcoholic beverages, and total bitter beverages). The outcomes examined were the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporosis with pathological fractures. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main statistical model. The stability and reliability of the results were verified by the Cochran's Q test, the Egger-intercept test, and the leave-one-out analysis.

RESULTS

Smoking per day was causally associated with the risk of osteoporosis OR = 1.417, 95% CI = 1.119-1.794, P = 0.003), and lifetime smoking index had a possible genetic causal association with the risk of osteoporosis with pathological fractures (OR = 4.187, 95% CI = 1.909-9.184, P < 0.001). No genetic causal association was found between smoking initiation or lifetime smoking index and the risk of osteoporosis (P > 0.05). No genetic causal association was identified between smoking per day or smoking initiation and the risk of osteoporosis with pathological fractures (P > 0.05). Total and bitter non-alcoholic beverage consumption showed a potential effect on the risk of osteoporosis (OR = 3.687, 95% CI = 1.535-8.858, P = 0.003 and OR = 3.040, 95% CI = 1.466-6.304, P = 0.002, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

This study found smoking raises the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporosis with pathological fractures based on genetics. Certain bitter beverages are linked to an increased osteoporosis risk.

Association of coffee and tea consumption with osteoporosis risk: A prospective study from the UK biobank

OBJECTIVE

The association of coffee and tea consumption with osteoporosis is highly controversial, and few studies have focused on the combined effects of the two beverages. This study aimed to investigate the independent and combined associations of coffee and tea consumption with osteoporosis risk.

METHODS

A prospective cohort study involving 487,594 participants aged 38-73 years from the UK Biobank was conducted. Participants with reported coffee and tea consumption and without osteoporosis at baseline were included. Coffee and tea consumption were assessed via a touch-screen questionnaire at baseline. Newly diagnosed osteoporosis during the follow-up period, defined based on ICD-10 codes (M80-M82), was the primary outcome. Cox regression analyses were utilized to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Dose-effect associations were assessed using restricted cubic spline analysis.

RESULTS

During a median follow-up of 12.8 years, 15,211 cases of osteoporosis were identified. Compared to individuals without coffee or tea consumption, drinking coffee was associated with an HR of 0.93 (95 % CI: 0.89-0.96), and tea consumption with an HR of 0.86 (95 % CI: 0.83-0.90). Continuous trends were significant for both coffee and tea consumption, showing non-linear associations with osteoporosis incidence. Moderate consumption, such as 1-2 cups of coffee or 3-4 cups of tea per day, was associated with a lower incidence of osteoporosis, with HRs of 0.9 (95 % CI: 0.86-0.94) and 0.85 (95 % CI: 0.81-0.90), respectively. Additionally, combined coffee and tea consumption displayed a U-shaped association with osteoporosis risk, with the lowest risk observed in individuals who consumed 1-2 cups of both beverages daily, with an HR of 0.68 (95 % CI: 0.61-0.75).

CONCLUSION

Our findings highlight the potential benefits of moderate coffee and tea consumption in reducing the risk of osteoporosis.

The Gender Gap in the Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Restrictive Ventilatory Defects

BACKGROUND

Given the fundamental physiological differences between the sexes, this study aimed to investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome on ventilatory defects stratified by sex.

METHODS

We conducted a nationwide, pooled, cross-sectional study. Data from 45,788 participants (men, n = 15,859; women, n = 29,929) aged 30 years or more were obtained from the Taiwan Biobank. Age-sex-adjusted and multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of developing impaired pulmonary function (restrictive or obstructive ventilatory defects) in individuals with or without metabolic syndromes. Separate models were also used to estimate the effect of metabolic syndrome scores and the effect of individual metabolic abnormalities on the risk of restrictive ventilatory defects.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was estimated to be 15.9% in Taiwan, much higher in men than in women (18.6% versus 14.4%). A significant association was observed between metabolic syndromes and the risk of restrictive ventilatory defects. The risk of developing a restrictive ventilator defect was 35% higher in participants with metabolic syndromes (odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-1.45) than in those without metabolic syndromes. Elevated blood pressure and a triglycerides abnormality were important predictors of restrictive ventilator defects. Sex-stratified subgroup analyses of the individual metabolic abnormalities indicated that men with abdominal obesity and women with dysglycemia were more likely to develop restrictive ventilatory defects.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study's evidence suggested that metabolic syndromes were important predictors of impaired pulmonary function and an increased risk of developing restrictive ventilatory defects, and its risk increased with increasing numbers of metabolic abnormalities.

Tea consumption and risk of bone health: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION

Current research evaluating the association between tea consumption and bone health still has inconsistent findings.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The electronic databases of Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched from inception until December 2022 to identify eligible studies. The calculation of summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was carried out using random-effects models. I2 statistics and Forest plots were used to assess the heterogeneity of RR values across studies.

RESULTS

The pooled relative risks for bone health-related outcomes of interest among tea drinkers, compared to non-drinkers, were 0.910 (95% confidence interval 0.845 to 0.980) for fractures, based on 20 studies, 0.332 (0.207-0.457) for BMD (13 studies), 0.800 (0.674-0.950) for osteoporosis (10 studies), and 1.006 (0.876-1.156) for osteopenia (5 studies). Subgroup analysis of locations showed that the pooled relative risks were 0.903 (0.844-0.966) for the hip, 0.735 (0.586-0.922) for the femur, 0.776 (0.610-0.988) for the lumbar, 0.980 (0.942-1.021) for the forearm and wrist, 0.804 (0.567-1.139) for the phalanges, and 0.612 (0.468-0.800) for Ward's triangle. One-stage dose-response analysis revealed that individuals who consumed less than 4.5 cups of tea per day had a lower risk of bone health-related outcomes than those who did not consume tea, with statistically significant results.

CONCLUSION

There is an association between tea consumption and a reduced risk of fractures, osteoporosis, hip, femur, and lumbar, as well as increased BMD.

Bone health: biology and nutrition

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Recent findings in the influence of dietary patterns, dairy products, beverages and microbiota composition and function on bone health are reviewed and discussed.

RECENT FINDINGS

Evidence is accumulating on the increased risk of fracture in individuals following a vegan diet. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials indicates a favourable, though of low amplitude, effect of dairy products on bone mass accrual during childhood and adolescence. Though mostly based on results from observational studies, it seems that dairy product consumption, particularly fermented dairy products, is associated with a lower risk of hip fracture. Regular green tea drinkers may have a lower fracture risk than tea abstainers. Magnesium intake is beneficial for bone health. Prune supplements prevents bone loss in untreated postmenopausal women. This seems to be associated with modification of gut microbiota.

SUMMARY

This information should help the medical practitioners facing questions from their patients on how to protect bone health through nutrition.