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Młynarska E, Biskup L, Możdżan M, Grygorcewicz O, Możdżan Z, Semeradt J, Uramowski M, Rysz J, Franczyk B. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Hypertension: The Insight into Antihypertensive Properties of Vitamins A, C and E. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:848. [PMID: 39061916 PMCID: PMC11273425 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension stands as a pervasive global health challenge, contributing significantly to mortality rates worldwide. Various factors, including lifestyle choices and dietary habits, contribute to the development of hypertension. In recent years, oxidative stress has garnered significant attention as a factor influencing hypertension risk, prompting a shift in research focus towards exploring it as a potential target for prevention and treatment. Antioxidants found in our diet, such as vitamins C, E and carotenoids exhibit the ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating oxidative stress. In addition, Vitamin A has an antioxidant effect despite not being an antioxidant itself. Consequently, supplementation or increased intake of these antioxidants has been hypothesized to potentially lower blood pressure levels and aid in the management of hypertension, thereby potentially prolonging life expectancy. Research findings regarding this effect have been diverse. This paper examines the existing literature demonstrating favorable outcomes associated with antioxidant supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Laura Biskup
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Możdżan
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Olivia Grygorcewicz
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Zofia Możdżan
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jan Semeradt
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Uramowski
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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Sghier K, Mur M, Veiga F, Paiva-Santos AC, Pires PC. Novel Therapeutic Hybrid Systems Using Hydrogels and Nanotechnology: A Focus on Nanoemulgels for the Treatment of Skin Diseases. Gels 2024; 10:45. [PMID: 38247768 PMCID: PMC10815052 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Topical and transdermal drug delivery are advantageous administration routes, especially when treating diseases and conditions with a skin etiology. Nevertheless, conventional dosage forms often lead to low therapeutic efficacy, safety issues, and patient noncompliance. To tackle these issues, novel topical and transdermal platforms involving nanotechnology have been developed. This review focuses on the latest advances regarding the development of nanoemulgels for skin application, encapsulating a wide variety of molecules, including already marketed drugs (miconazole, ketoconazole, fusidic acid, imiquimod, meloxicam), repurposed marketed drugs (atorvastatin, omeprazole, leflunomide), natural-derived compounds (eucalyptol, naringenin, thymoquinone, curcumin, chrysin, brucine, capsaicin), and other synthetic molecules (ebselen, tocotrienols, retinyl palmitate), for wound healing, skin and skin appendage infections, skin inflammatory diseases, skin cancer, neuropathy, or anti-aging purposes. Developed formulations revealed adequate droplet size, PDI, viscosity, spreadability, pH, stability, drug release, and drug permeation and/or retention capacity, having more advantageous characteristics than current marketed formulations. In vitro and/or in vivo studies established the safety and efficacy of the developed formulations, confirming their therapeutic potential, and making them promising platforms for the replacement of current therapies, or as possible adjuvant treatments, which might someday effectively reach the market to help fight highly incident skin or systemic diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Sghier
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého tř. 1946, Brno-Královo Pole, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maja Mur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia C. Pires
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Choi YJ, Kwon JW, Jee D. The relationship between blood vitamin A levels and diabetic retinopathy: a population-based study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:491. [PMID: 38177180 PMCID: PMC10766637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed the relationship between blood vitamin A levels and the risk of diabetic retinopathy. The study was population-based epidemiological study for 11,727 participants aged 40 or older who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Vitamin A in the blood was classified into quartiles. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed by the Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study. After adjusting confounding variables such as age, sex, smoking, cholesterol, diabetes prevalence period, glycated hemoglobin levels, and high blood pressure, the odd ratio (OR) of vitamin A at quartile level 4 for diabetic retinopathy was 0.32 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.72, P for trend < 0.001). In male, the OR of quartile 3 level vitamin A for diabetic retinopathy was 0.11 (95% CI, 0.01-0.69, P for trend = 0.010). In adults under the age of 60, the OR of vitamin A at quartile level 3 for diabetic retinopathy was 0.10. (95% CI, 0.03-0.29, P for trend < 0.001). Serum vitamin A high levels are associated with low risk of diabetic retinopathy. Particularly, there is a more effective relationship in male and adults under the age of 60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, St. Vincent's Hospital, Jungbu-daero 93, Paldal-gu, Suwon, 16247, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, St. Vincent's Hospital, Jungbu-daero 93, Paldal-gu, Suwon, 16247, Korea
| | - Donghyun Jee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, St. Vincent's Hospital, Jungbu-daero 93, Paldal-gu, Suwon, 16247, Korea.
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Nehzat N, Browne RW, Ghazal D, Tamaño-Blanco M, Jakimovski D, Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R, Ramanathan M. Exploratory 5-year follow-up study of retinol, tocopherols, and carotenoids in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 81:105143. [PMID: 38039941 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinol, tocopherols, and carotenoids (RTC) have physiological roles as vitamins, pro-vitamins, and antioxidants, and provide biomarkers of dietary vegetable and fruit intake. The goal was to investigate RTC in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS This exploratory study included 106 people with MS (71 relapsing-remitting MS or RR-MS; and 35 progressive MS or PMS) and 31 healthy controls (HC) at baseline and 5-year follow-up (5YFU). Serum retinol, α-carotene, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels were measured using the single molecule array method. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and low contrast letter acuity (LCLA) were used as disability measures. RESULTS Retinol in MS was positively correlated with α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and α-tocopherol but negatively correlated with δ-tocopherol. EDSS was associated with α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, and lycopene. Greater retinol levels were associated with greater LCLA in RR-MS and PMS; high contrast visual acuity was not associated. Greater γ-tocopherol levels were associated with lower LCLA and high contrast visual acuity in PMS. CONCLUSIONS RTC exhibit distinctive associations with LCLA and EDSS in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Nehzat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Richard W Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Diala Ghazal
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Miriam Tamaño-Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Dejan Jakimovski
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States; Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Murali Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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Lou C, Meng Z, Shi Y, Zheng R, Pan J, Qian S. Causal effects of genetically vitamins and sepsis risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:766. [PMID: 37936083 PMCID: PMC10629037 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, observational studies have been conducted to investigate the potential impact of vitamins on sepsis. However, many of these studies have produced inconsistent results. Our Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to evaluate the causality between vitamins and sepsis from a genetic perspective. METHODS Our MR study was designed following the STROBE-MR guidelines. Genetic instrumental variables for vitamins including folate, vitamin B12, B6, A (Retinol), C, D, and K were obtained from previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and MR studies. Five different sepsis severity levels were included in the analysis. The genetic instrumental variables were screened for potential confounders using PhenoScanner V2. MR analysis was performed using MR-egger, inverse-variance weighted multiplicative random effects (IVW-RE), inverse-variance weighted multiplicative fixed-effects (IVW-FE), and wald ratio methods to assess the relationship between vitamins and sepsis. Sensitivity analysis was performed using the MR-egger_intercept method, and the MR-PRESSO package and Cochran's Q test were used to evaluate the heterogeneity of the instrumental variables. RESULTS Our MR study found no statistically significant association between vitamins and sepsis risk, regardless of the type of vitamin (P-value > 0.05). The odds ratios (ORs) for folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin K, and vitamin C were 1.164 (95% CI: 0.895-1.514), 0.987 (95% CI: 0.969-1.005), 0.975 (95% CI: 0.914-1.041), 0.993 (95% CI: 0.797-1.238), 0.861 (95% CI: 0.522-1.42), 0.955 (95% CI: 0.86-1.059), and 1.049 (95% CI: 0.911-1.208), respectively. Similar results were observed in subgroups of different sepsis severity levels. CONCLUSIONS Our MR study found no evidence of a causal association between vitamins and sepsis risk from a genetic perspective. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lou
- School of The First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhizhen Meng
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Yiyi Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Jingye Pan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Provincial, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Hospital Emergency and Process Digitization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Songzan Qian
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Zou S, Jie H, Han X, Wang J. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps in sepsis and sepsis-related acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110436. [PMID: 37688916 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to trap pathogenic microorganisms. NETs are involved in the inflammatory response and bacterial killing and clearance. However, their excessive activation can lead to an inflammatory storm in the body, which may damage tissues and cause organ dysfunction. Organ dysfunction is the main pathophysiological cause of sepsis and also a cause of the high mortality rate in sepsis. Acute lung injury caused by sepsis accounts for the highest proportion of organ damage in sepsis. NET formation can lead to the development of sepsis because by promoting the release of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, thereby accelerating acute lung injury. In this review, we describe the critical role of NETs in sepsis-associated acute lung injury and review the current knowledge and novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Zou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongyu Jie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xinai Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jinghong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Fagbohun OF, Gillies CR, Murphy KPJ, Rupasinghe HPV. Role of Antioxidant Vitamins and Other Micronutrients on Regulations of Specific Genes and Signaling Pathways in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076092. [PMID: 37047063 PMCID: PMC10093825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an escalating global issue, with 19.3 million new cases and 9.9 million deaths in 2020. Therefore, effective approaches to prevent cancer are urgently required. Diet plays a significant role in determining cancer risk. Nutrients and food bioactives influence specific signaling pathways in the body. Recently, there have been significant advances in cancer prevention research through nutrigenomics or with the effects of dietary components on the genome. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases were used to search for peer-reviewed articles between 2017 and 2023. Criteria used were vitamins, minerals, tumors, cancer, genes, inflammation, signaling pathways, and nutrigenomics. Among the total of 1857 articles available, the highest relevant 90 articles that specifically discussed signaling pathways and genes on cancer cell lines and human cancer patients were selected and reviewed. Food sources are rich in antioxidant micronutrients, which are effective in activating or regulating signaling pathways involved in pathogenesis and cancer therapy by activating enzymes such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase C (PKC), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). The micronutrients are involved in the regulation of β-catenin (WNT/β-catenin) including mutations in Kras and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) alongside inhibition of the NF-kB pathway. The most common mechanism of cancer prevention by these micronutrients is their antioxidative, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis effects. This review discusses how nutrigenomics is essential and beneficial for developing cancer prevention and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo F Fagbohun
- Department Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 2R8, Canada
| | - Caroline R Gillies
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 2R8, Canada
| | - Kieran P J Murphy
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 2R8, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Vitamin A: A Key Inhibitor of Adipocyte Differentiation. PPAR Res 2023; 2023:7405954. [PMID: 36776154 PMCID: PMC9908342 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7405954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting adipocyte differentiation, the conversion of preadipocytes to mature functional adipocytes, might represent a new approach to treating obesity and related metabolic disorders. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α are two master coregulators controlling adipogenesis both in culture and in vivo. Many recent studies have confirmed the relationship between retinoic acid (RA) and the conversion of embryonic stem cells into adipocytes; however, these studies have shown that RA potently blocks the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. Nevertheless, the functional role of RA in early tissue development and stem cell differentiation, including in adipose tissue, remains unclear. This study highlights transcription factors that block adipocyte differentiation and maintain preadipocyte status, focusing on those controlled by RA. However, some of these novel adipogenesis inhibitors have not been validated in vivo, and their mechanisms of action require further clarification.
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