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Se C, Champahom T, Jomnonkwao S, Ratanavaraha V. Examining factors affecting driver injury severity in speeding-related crashes: a comparative study across driver age groups. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2024; 31:234-255. [PMID: 38190335 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2023.2300458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This paper investigates the factors influencing the severity of driver injuries in single-vehicle speeding-related crashes, by comparing different driver age groups. This study employed a random threshold random parameter hierarchical ordered probit model and analysed crash data from Thailand between 2012 and 2017. The findings showed that young drivers face a heightened fatality risk when speeding in passenger cars or pickup trucks, hinting at the role of inexperience and risk-taking behaviours. Old drivers exhibit an increased fatality risk when speeding, especially in rainy conditions, on flush median roads, and during evening peak hours, attributed to reduced reaction times and vulnerability to adverse weather. Both young and elderly drivers face escalated fatality risks when speeding on road segments lacking guardrails during adverse weather, with older drivers being particularly vulnerable in rainy conditions. All age groups show an elevated fatality risk when speeding on barrier median roads, underscoring the significant role of speeding, which increases crash impact and limits margins of error and manoeuvrability, thereby highlighting the need for safety measures focusing on driver behaviour. These findings underscore the critical imperative for interventions addressing not only driver conduct but also road infrastructure, collectively striving to curtail the severity of speeding-related crashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamroeun Se
- Institute of Research and Development, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Thanapong Champahom
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao
- School of Transportation Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha
- School of Transportation Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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Se C, Champahom T, Jomnonkwao S, Chonsalasin D, Ratanavaraha V. Modeling of single-vehicle and multi-vehicle truck-involved crashes injury severities: A comparative and temporal analysis in a developing country. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 197:107452. [PMID: 38183691 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Truck-involved crashes persist as a significant concern, yielding noteworthy human casualties and causing economic ramifications, particularly in developing countries. This paper aims to undertake a comprehensive analysis of the associated factors influencing injury severity in truck-involved crashes, with a particular emphasis on discerning variations between single-vehicle and multi-vehicle incidents, as well as accounting for heterogeneity and temporal stability. The data analysis involves a meticulous examination of crash data spanning the entirety of Thailand from 2017 to 2020. Employing three distinct levels of injury severities, namely PDO injury, moderate injury, and severe injury, the study employs a series of mixed logit models that account for unobserved heterogeneity in both means and variances. Results revealed significant instability in injury risk determinants over time among both single and multi-vehicle events. Aligning predictive assessments further spotlighted fluctuations in projected burdens across models and years - collectively underscoring the imperative to integrate temporal considerations into modeling and prevention. Several crash-type distinctions and priorities emerged. For single-truck events, key risks included roadway alignments and geometry, speeding, fatigue, and lighting conditions. However multi-truck collisions concentrated around exposure factors like highway traits, sightline limitations, and vulnerable road users. Ultimately, the technique permitted responsive countermeasure targeting and recalibration opportunities keyed to each crash form's evolving landscapes. While it is indeed noteworthy that several variables have exhibited instability in their effects, it is equally important to acknowledge the existence of certain variables that maintain a relative degree of temporal stability. This underscores their pivotal role in shaping the foundation of enduring strategies aimed at enhancing traffic safety in the long run. The multifaceted investigation constitutes an invaluable reference for diverse transportation stakeholders seeking to curb rising truck fatalities through evidence-based improvements in policy, engineering, usage protocols, and technologies. It provides a blueprint for nimble safety planning within complex modernizing road systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamroeun Se
- Institute of Research and Development, Suranaree University of Technology, 111, Maha Witthayalai Rd, Suranari, Mueang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Thanapong Champahom
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, 744 Sura Narai Rd, Nai-muang, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao
- School of Transportation Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, 111, Maha Witthayalai Rd, Suranari, Mueang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Dissakoon Chonsalasin
- Faculty of Railway Systems and Transportation, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, 744 Sura Narai Rd, Nai-muang, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha
- School of Transportation Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, 111, Maha Witthayalai Rd, Suranari, Mueang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
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Wisutwattanasak P, Jomnonkwao S, Khampirat B, Raungratanaamporn IS, Ratanavaraha V. Multilevel structural equation modeling of willingness-to-pay for fatality risk reduction: perspectives of driver and district levels. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2024; 31:96-110. [PMID: 37812734 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2023.2266841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Road accidents remain a serious problem and directly affect drivers. Therefore, the perspectives of drivers are important in improving road safety. The objectives of this study are to empirically examine damage due to road accidents using the willingness-to-pay (WTP) approach and to analyze the factors that influence WTP at the driver and district levels. This study obtained data on WTP derived from car drivers across Thailand, which covers 96 districts. The value of statistical life was 824,344 USD per fatality (2,296 million USD annually). The results of Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling revealed a statistically important insight. At the driver level, the Health Belief Model and sociodemographic exert influence on the intention to pay. The demographic factor that has the greatest influence on perceived risk and leads to a high intention to pay is the working age group (γ = 0.826). However, when considering the HBM, perceived susceptibility (γ = 0.901) emerges as the most valuable factor influencing drivers' concerns about road accidents. On the other hand, district-level factors have a negative influence on the intention to pay for road safety measures. Among these factors, the law enforcement (γ = -0.555) practices implemented by local authorities have the most significant impact on drivers' perspectives and intentions regarding WTP. This finding can be used as a guideline for budget allocation and policy recommendation for policymakers in improving road safety according to the area contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panuwat Wisutwattanasak
- Institute of Research and Development, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao
- School of Transportation Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Buratin Khampirat
- School of General Education, Institute of Social Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - I-Soon Raungratanaamporn
- School of Transportation Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha
- School of Transportation Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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Tamakloe R, Adanu EK, Atandzi J, Das S, Lord D, Park D. Stability of factors influencing walking-along-the-road pedestrian injury severity outcomes under different lighting conditions: A random parameters logit approach with heterogeneity in means and out-of-sample predictions. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2023; 193:107333. [PMID: 37832357 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Pedestrians walking along the road's edge are more exposed and vulnerable than those on designated crosswalks. Often, they remain oblivious to the imminent perils of potential collisions with vehicles, making crashes involving these pedestrians relatively unique compared to others. While previous research has recognized that the surrounding lighting conditions influence traffic crashes, the effect of different lighting conditions on walking-along-the-road pedestrian injury severity outcomes remains unexplored. This study examines the variations in the impact of risk factors on walking-along-the-road pedestrian-involved crash injury severity across various lighting conditions. Preliminary stability tests on the walking-along-the-road pedestrian-involved crash data obtained from Ghana revealed that the effect of most risk factors on injury severity outcomes is likely to differ under each lighting condition, warranting the estimation of separate models for each lighting condition. Thus, the data were grouped based on the lighting conditions, and different models were estimated employing the random parameter logit model with heterogeneity in the means approach to capture different levels of unobserved heterogeneity in the crash data. From the results, heavy vehicles, shoulder presence, and aged drivers were found to cause fatal pedestrian walking-along-the-road severity outcomes during daylight conditions, indicators for male pedestrians and speeding were identified to have stronger associations with fatalities on roads with no light at night, and crashes occurring on Tuesdays and Wednesdays were likely to be severe on lit roads at night. From the marginal effect estimates, although some explanatory variables showed consistent effects across various lighting conditions in pedestrian walking-along-the-road crashes, such as pedestrians aged < 25 years and between 25 and 44 years exhibited significant variations in their impact across different lighting conditions, supporting the finding that the effect of risk factors are unstable. Further, the out-of-sample simulations underscored the shifts in factor effects between different lighting conditions, highlighting that enhancing visibility could play a pivotal role in significantly reducing fatalities associated with pedestrians walking along the road. Targeted engineering, education, and enforcement countermeasures are proposed from the interesting insights drawn to improve pedestrian safety locally and internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Tamakloe
- Eco-friendly Smart Vehicle Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Cho Chun Shik Graduate School of Green Transportation, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Transportation Engineering, The University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Emmanuel Kofi Adanu
- Alabama Transportation Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA.
| | - Jonathan Atandzi
- School of Modern Logistics, Zhejiang Wanli University, Zhejiang Ningbo, China.
| | - Subasish Das
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, USA.
| | - Dominique Lord
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
| | - Dongjoo Park
- Department of Transportation Engineering, The University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea.
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