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Zhao Q, Lai K. Role of immune inflammation regulated by macrophage in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2024; 239:109770. [PMID: 38145794 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can lead to irreversible impairment of visual function, and the number of patients with AMD has been increasing globally. The immunoinflammatory theory is an important pathogenic mechanism of AMD, with macrophages serving as the primary inflammatory infiltrating cells in AMD lesions. Its powerful immunoinflammatory regulatory function has attracted considerable attention. Herein, we provide an overview of the involvement of macrophage-regulated immunoinflammation in different stages of AMD. Additionally, we summarize novel therapeutic approaches for AMD, focusing on targeting macrophages, such as macrophage/microglia modulators, reduction of macrophage aggregation in the subretinal space, modulation of macrophage effector function, macrophage phenotypic alterations, and novel biomimetic nanocomposites development based on macrophage-associated functional properties. We aimed to provide a basis and reference for the further exploration of AMD pathogenesis, developmental influences, and new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, No.7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Kunbei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, No.7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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2
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Meng LH, Cheng SY, Chen H, Wang YL, Zhang WF, Chen H, Zhao XY, Chen YX. Impacts of angiotensin II on retinal artery changes in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. Int J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:16-24. [PMID: 38239957 PMCID: PMC10754664 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the impacts of angiotensin II (Ang II) on retinal artery changes in apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE-/-) mice. METHODS apoE-/- male mice were infused by minipumps with Ang II at 1000 ng/kg·min (Ang II group) or saline (control group) for 28d. They were underwent ophthalmic fundus examination on day 0, 14, and 28 of infusion. Histopathologic examination, ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing and local Ang II measurement of retinas were conducted. RESULTS Ophthalmic fundus examination showed Ang II infusion promoted the formation of retinal arterial aneurysm-like lesions on day 28. Optical coherence tomography revealed the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in the control group was significantly thinner than that in Ang II group (P<0.001). Hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrated diffused swelling of GCIPL layer and its disordered structure in Ang II group. Transmission electron microscopy showed Ang II infusion caused aggravation of atherosclerotic lesions, including increased swelling, roughness, disorganization of the retinal vasculature, and vacuoles formation. RNA-sequencing and gene ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated that the structure and function of cellular membrane might be disturbed and visual function might be compromised by Ang II. The local level of Ang II was higher in Ang II infusion group but did not show significant differences compared to the control group (P=0.086). CONCLUSION Ang II infusion promotes the formation of retinal arterial aneurysm-like lesions in apoE-/- mice, causing aggravation of atherosclerotic lesions, more severe disorganization of the retinal vasculature and disturbance of the cellular membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Lab of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shi-Yu Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Lab of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - He Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Lab of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yue-Lin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Lab of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wen-Fei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Lab of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Lab of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Lab of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - You-Xin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Lab of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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3
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Roubeix C, Nous C, Augustin S, Ronning KE, Mathis T, Blond F, Lagouge-Roussey P, Crespo-Garcia S, Sullivan PM, Gautier EL, Reichhart N, Sahel JA, Burns ME, Paques M, Sørensen TL, Strauss O, Guillonneau X, Delarasse C, Sennlaub F. Splenic monocytes drive pathogenic subretinal inflammation in age-related macular degeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:22. [PMID: 38233865 PMCID: PMC10792815 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is invariably associated with the chronic accumulation of activated mononuclear phagocytes in the subretinal space. The mononuclear phagocytes are composed of microglial cells but also of monocyte-derived cells, which promote photoreceptor degeneration and choroidal neovascularization. Infiltrating blood monocytes can originate directly from bone marrow, but also from a splenic reservoir, where bone marrow monocytes develop into angiotensin II receptor (ATR1)+ splenic monocytes. The involvement of splenic monocytes in neurodegenerative diseases such as AMD is not well understood. Using acute inflammatory and well-phenotyped AMD models, we demonstrate that angiotensin II mobilizes ATR1+ splenic monocytes, which we show are defined by a transcriptional signature using single-cell RNA sequencing and differ functionally from bone marrow monocytes. Splenic monocytes participate in the chorio-retinal infiltration and their inhibition by ATR1 antagonist and splenectomy reduces the subretinal mononuclear phagocyte accumulation and pathological choroidal neovascularization formation. In aged AMD-risk ApoE2-expressing mice, a chronic AMD model, ATR1 antagonist and splenectomy also inhibit the chronic retinal inflammation and associated cone degeneration that characterizes these mice. Our observation of elevated levels of plasma angiotensin II in AMD patients, suggests that similar events take place in clinical disease and argue for the therapeutic potential of ATR1 antagonists to inhibit splenic monocytes for the treatment of blinding AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Roubeix
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Nous
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Augustin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Kaitryn E Ronning
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Thibaud Mathis
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69004, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Blond
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
| | | | - Sergio Crespo-Garcia
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick M Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Centers for Aging and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Emmanuel L Gautier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Reichhart
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Marie E Burns
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michel Paques
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS Clinical Investigation Center 1423, Paris, France
| | - Torben Lykke Sørensen
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olaf Strauss
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xavier Guillonneau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Delarasse
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Florian Sennlaub
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Retinal Pigment Epithelial Abnormality and Choroidal Large Vascular Flow Imbalance Are Associated with Choriocapillaris Flow Deficits in Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Fellow Eyes. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041360. [PMID: 36835897 PMCID: PMC9965486 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Choriocapillaris flow deficits detected on optical coherence tomography angiographs were retrospectively analyzed. In 38 age-related macular degeneration (AMD) fellow eyes, without fundus findings (26 men, 71.7 ± 1.9 years old), and 22 control eyes (11 men, 69.4 ± 1.8), the choriocapillaris flow area (CCFA) ratio and coefficient of variation (CV) of the CCFA ratio (which represented the heterogeneity of the ratio), negatively and positively correlated with age (all p < 0.01), respectively. Moreover, the respective mean values were lower (p = 0.0031) and greater (p = 0.002) in AMD fellow eyes than in the control eyes. The high-risk condition of AMD fellow eyes was defined by a CCFA ratio <58.5%, and the CV of the CCFA ratio ≥0.165 (odds ratio (OR), 5.408; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.117-21.118, p = 0.035, after adjusting for age and sex) was related to the presence of fundus autofluorescence abnormality (OR, 16.440; 95% CI, 1.262-214.240; p = 0.033) and asymmetrically dilated choroidal large vasculature (OR, 4.176; 95% CI, 1.057-16.503; p = 0.042), after adjusting for age and sex. The presence of fundus autofluorescence abnormality indicated a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) abnormality. The RPE volume was reduced in the latter eye group, particularly in the thinner choroidal vasculature. In addition to aging, RPE abnormality and choroidal large vascular flow imbalances were associated with exacerbated heterogeneous choriocapillaris flow deficits in AMD fellow eyes without macular neovascularization.
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5
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Harada N, Nagai N, Mushiga Y, Ozawa Y. Choriocapillaris Flow Imbalance in Fellow Eyes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:13. [PMID: 35943731 PMCID: PMC9379328 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.9.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify early changes in choriocapillaris flow in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with no history of macular neovascularization (MNV). Methods Clinical records of fellow eyes of patients with unilateral neovascular AMD without fundus findings and control eyes of otherwise healthy individuals, except for mild cataract, diagnosed at St. Luke's International Hospital from April 2020 to March 2021, were retrospectively analyzed. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography images of the choriocapillaris slab were binarized using the Phansalkar local thresholding methods to evaluate the choriocapillaris flow area (CCFA) and its coefficient of variation (CV). Results The data of 24 AMD fellow eyes (17 for men, 71.7 ± 1.9 years old) and 21 control eyes (11 for men, 69.1 ± 2.0 years old) were analyzed. The mean CCFA ratio was lower in the AMD fellow eyes (58.6 ± 1.2%) than in the control eyes (62.4 ± 1.3%, P = 0.032), and the mean CV of CCFA ratio was greater in the AMD fellow eyes (0.174 ± 0.007) than in the control eyes (0.154 ± 0.007, P = 0.032). Eyes with CCFA ratio <60% and CV of CCFA ratio ≥0.154 had a 4.371-fold higher risk of being AMD fellow eyes (95% confidence interval = 1.029–18.56, P = 0.046). Differences in CV of CCFA ratio between AMD fellow eyes and control eyes were particularly clear in eyes with thick choroids (mean CV of CCFA in control versus AMD fellow eyes with central choroidal thickness ≥220 µm: 0.144 ± 0.005 vs. 0.173 ± 0.007, P = 0.009**). Conclusions Neovascular AMD fellow eyes without MNV had reduced, heterogeneous, and imbalanced choriocapillaris flow, which may constitute early changes in neovascular AMD, although further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Harada
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nagai
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,St. Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Mushiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,St. Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Ozawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,St. Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-5705
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6
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Effects of Epigenetic Modification of PGC-1α by a Chemical Chaperon on Mitochondria Biogenesis and Visual Function in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091497. [PMID: 35563803 PMCID: PMC9099608 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a hereditary blinding disease characterized by gradual photoreceptor death, which lacks a definitive treatment. Here, we demonstrated the effect of 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), a chemical chaperon that can suppress endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, in P23H mutant rhodopsin knock-in RP models. In the RP models, constant PBA treatment led to the retention of a greater number of photoreceptors, preserving the inner segment (IS), a mitochondrial- and ER-rich part of the photoreceptors. Electroretinography showed that PBA treatment preserved photoreceptor function. At the early point, ER-associated degradation markers, xbp1s, vcp, and derl1, mitochondrial kinetic-related markers, fis1, lc3, and mfn1 and mfn2, as well as key mitochondrial regulators, pgc-1α and tfam, were upregulated in the retina of the models treated with PBA. In vitro analyses showed that PBA upregulated pgc-1α and tfam transcription, leading to an increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c oxidase activity, and ATP levels. Histone acetylation of the PGC-1α promoter was increased by PBA, indicating that PBA affected the mitochondrial condition through epigenetic changes. Our findings constituted proof of concept for the treatment of ER stress-related RP using PBA and revealed PBA’s neuroprotective effects, paving the way for its future clinical application.
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7
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Cheuk YC, Zhang P, Xu S, Wang J, Chen T, Mao Y, Jiang Y, Luo Y, Guo J, Wang W, Rong R. Bioinformatics analysis of pathways of renal infiltrating macrophages in different renal disease models. Transl Androl Urol 2022; 10:4333-4343. [PMID: 35070815 PMCID: PMC8749068 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have suggested that macrophages are significantly involved in different renal diseases. However, the role of these renal infiltrating macrophages has not been entirely uncovered. To further clarify the underlying mechanism and identify therapeutic targets, a bioinformatic analysis based on transcriptome profiles was performed. Methods Three transcription profiling datasets, GSE27045, GSE51466 and GSE75808, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were assessed by Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results The classic signaling pathways and metabolic pathways of macrophages infiltrating the kidney in different pathophysiological processes, including lupus nephritis (LN), renal crystal formation and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), were analysed. Furthermore, the common classical pathways significantly altered in the three renal disorders were the oxidative phosphorylation, VEGF signaling and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, while the renin-angiotensin system was uniquely altered in LN, the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways were uniquely altered in models of renal crystal formation, and the calcium signaling pathway was specific to renal IRI. Conclusions Via bioinformatics analysis, this study revealed the transcriptional features of macrophages in murine LN, renal crystal formation and IRI models, which may serve as promising targets for mechanistic research and the clinical treatment of multiple renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Celeste Cheuk
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingbao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Shihao Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxin Mao
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamei Jiang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongsheng Luo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixi Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiming Rong
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
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8
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Ye D, Yang X, Ren L, Lu HS, Sun Y, Lin H, Tan L, Wang N, Nguyen G, Bader M, Mullick AE, Danser AHJ, Daugherty A, Jiang Y, Sun Y, Li F, Lu X. (Pro)renin Receptor Inhibition Reduces Plasma Cholesterol and Triglycerides but Does Not Attenuate Atherosclerosis in Atherosclerotic Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:725203. [PMID: 35004870 PMCID: PMC8739895 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.725203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Elevated plasma cholesterol concentrations contributes to ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Recently, we showed that inhibiting hepatic (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] attenuated diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) deficient mice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether inhibiting hepatic (P)RR could attenuate atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: Eight-week-old male LDLR−/− mice were injected with either saline or N-acetylgalactosamine-modified antisense oligonucleotides (G-ASOs) primarily targeting hepatic (P)RR and were fed a western-type diet (WTD) for 16 weeks. (P)RR G-ASOs markedly reduced plasma cholesterol concentrations from 2,211 ± 146 to 1,128 ± 121 mg/dL. Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) analyses revealed that cholesterol in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL)/LDL fraction were potently reduced by (P)RR G-ASOs. Moreover, (P)RR G-ASOs reduced plasma triglyceride concentrations by more than 80%. Strikingly, despite marked reduction in plasma lipid concentrations, atherosclerosis was not reduced but rather increased in these mice. Further testing in ApoE−/− mice confirmed that (P)RR G-ASOs reduced plasma lipid concentrations but not atherosclerosis. Transcriptomic analysis of the aortas revealed that (P)RR G-ASOs induced the expression of the genes involved in immune responses and inflammation. Further investigation revealed that (P)RR G-ASOs also inhibited (P)RR in macrophages and in enhanced inflammatory responses to exogenous stimuli. Moreover, deleting the (P)RR in macrophages resulted in accelerated atherosclerosis in WTD fed ApoE−/− mice. Conclusion: (P)RR G-ASOs reduced the plasma lipids in atherosclerotic mice due to hepatic (P)RR deficiency. However, augmented pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages due to (P)RR downregulation counteracted the beneficial effects of lowered plasma lipid concentrations on atherosclerosis. Our study demonstrated that hepatic (P)RR and macrophage (P)RR played a counteracting role in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dien Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China.,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liwei Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hong S Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lunbo Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Genevieve Nguyen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) and Collège de France Early Development and Pathologies Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology and Experimental Medicine Unit, Paris, France
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yidan Sun
- Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Furong Li
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xifeng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Association of Dietary Nutrient Intake with Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Japanese-Americans. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100673. [PMID: 34677388 PMCID: PMC8537321 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors may be associated with the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), in addition to demographic and genetic factors. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to elucidate the association between nutrient intake and AMD in the Japanese-American population living in Los Angeles. We conducted a medical survey of Japanese immigrants and their descendants living in Los Angeles, including interviews on dietary habits, fundus photography, and physical examinations. Participants were classified into early AMD and control groups on the basis of fundus photographic findings. Consequently, among the 555 participants, 111 (20.0%) were diagnosed with early AMD. There were no late-stage AMD participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the intake of animal fat and saturated fatty acids (SFA) was positively associated with early AMD (p for trend = 0.01 for animal fat, p for trend = 0.02 for SFA), and the intake of vegetable fat, total carbohydrate, simple carbohydrate, sugar, and fructose was inversely associated with early AMD (p for trend = 0.04 for vegetable fat, p for trend = 0.046 for carbohydrate, p for trend = 0.03 for simple carbohydrate, p for trend = 0.046 for sugar, p for trend = 0.02). Our findings suggest that excessive animal fat and SFA intake increases the risk for early AMD in Japanese-Americans whose lifestyles have been westernized.
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Birk M, Baum E, Zadeh JK, Manicam C, Pfeiffer N, Patzak A, Helmstädter J, Steven S, Kuntic M, Daiber A, Gericke A. Angiotensin II Induces Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Mouse Ophthalmic Arteries via Involvement of AT1 Receptors and NOX2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081238. [PMID: 34439486 PMCID: PMC8389243 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various age-dependent ocular diseases. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that Ang II induces endothelial dysfunction in mouse ophthalmic arteries and to identify the underlying mechanisms. Ophthalmic arteries were exposed to Ang II in vivo and in vitro to determine vascular function by video microscopy. Moreover, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified and the expression of prooxidant redox genes and proteins was determined. The endothelium-dependent artery responses were blunted after both in vivo and in vitro exposure to Ang II. The Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, candesartan, and the ROS scavenger, Tiron, prevented Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction. ROS levels and NOX2 expression were increased following Ang II incubation. Remarkably, Ang II failed to induce endothelial dysfunction in ophthalmic arteries from NOX2-deficient mice. Following Ang II incubation, endothelium-dependent vasodilation was mainly mediated by cytochrome P450 oxygenase (CYP450) metabolites, while the contribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) pathways became negligible. These findings provide evidence that Ang II induces endothelial dysfunction in mouse ophthalmic arteries via AT1R activation and NOX2-dependent ROS formation. From a clinical point of view, the blockade of AT1R signaling and/or NOX2 may be helpful to retain or restore endothelial function in ocular blood vessels in certain ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Birk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ewa Baum
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
- Department of Social Sciences and the Humanities, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Rokietnicka 7, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jenia Kouchek Zadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Caroline Manicam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Johanna Helmstädter
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-613-117-8276
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Biswas L, Ibrahim KS, Li X, Zhou X, Zeng Z, Craft J, Shu X. Effect of a TSPO ligand on retinal pigment epithelial cholesterol homeostasis in high-fat fed mice, implication for age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2021; 208:108625. [PMID: 34022174 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of sight impairment in the elderly with complex aetiology involving genetics and environment and with limited therapeutic options which have limited efficacy. We have previously shown in a mouse-model of the condition, induced by feeding a high fat diet, that adverse effects of the diet can be reversed by co-administration of the TSPO activator, etifoxine. We extend those observations showing improvements in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells with decreased lipids and enhanced expression of cholesterol metabolism and transport enzymes. Further, etifoxine decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RPE and inflammatory cytokines in RPE and serum. With respect to gut microbiome, we found that organisms abundant in the high fat condition (e.g. in the genus Anaerotruncus and Oscillospira) and implicated in AMD, were much less abundant after etifoxine treatment. The changes in gut flora were associated with the predicted production of metabolites of benefit to the retina including tryptophan and other amino acids and taurine, an essential component of the retina necessary to counteract ROS. These novel observations strengthen earlier conclusions that the mechanisms behind improvements in etifoxine-induced retinal physiology involve an interaction between effects on the host and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln Biswas
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK
| | - Khalid Subhi Ibrahim
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Xing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, China
| | - Xinzhi Zhou
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan, 410022, PR China
| | - John Craft
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK
| | - Xinhua Shu
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK; Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, China.
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ADIPOR1 deficiency-induced suppression of retinal ELOVL2 and docosahexaenoic acid levels during photoreceptor degeneration and visual loss. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:458. [PMID: 33963174 PMCID: PMC8105316 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism-related gene mutations can cause retinitis pigmentosa, a currently untreatable blinding disease resulting from progressive neurodegeneration of the retina. Here, we demonstrated the influence of adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) deficiency in retinal neurodegeneration using Adipor1 knockout (KO) mice. Adipor1 mRNA was observed to be expressed in photoreceptors, predominately within the photoreceptor inner segment (PIS), and increased after birth during the development of the photoreceptor outer segments (POSs) where photons are received by the visual pigment, rhodopsin. At 3 weeks of age, visual function impairment, specifically photoreceptor dysfunction, as recorded by electroretinography (ERG), was evident in homozygous, but not heterozygous, Adipor1 KO mice. However, although photoreceptor loss was evident at 3 weeks of age and progressed until 10 weeks, the level of visual dysfunction was already substantial by 3 weeks, after which it was retained until 10 weeks of age. The rhodopsin mRNA levels had already decreased at 3 weeks, suggesting that reduced rhodopsin may have contributed to early visual loss. Moreover, inflammation and oxidative stress were induced in homozygous KO retinas. Prior to observation of photoreceptor loss via optical microscopy, electron microscopy revealed that POSs were present; however, they were misaligned and their lipid composition, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is critical in forming POSs, was impaired in the retina. Importantly, the expression of Elovl2, an elongase of very long chain fatty acids expressed in the PIS, was significantly reduced, and lipogenic genes, which are induced under conditions of reduced endogenous DHA synthesis, were increased in homozygous KO mice. The causal relationship between ADIPOR1 deficiency and Elovl2 repression, together with upregulation of lipogenic genes, was confirmed in vitro. Therefore, ADIPOR1 in the retina appears to be indispensable for ELOVL2 induction, which is likely required to supply sufficient DHA for appropriate photoreceptor function and survival.
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Homma K, Toda E, Osada H, Nagai N, Era T, Tsubota K, Okano H, Ozawa Y. Taurine rescues mitochondria-related metabolic impairments in the patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the retinal pigment epithelium. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101921. [PMID: 33706170 PMCID: PMC7944050 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in various metabolic pathways, and their dysregulation results in multiple disorders, including aging-related diseases. However, the metabolic changes and mechanisms of mitochondrial disorders are not fully understood. Here, we found that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) showed attenuated proliferation and survival when glycolysis was inhibited. These deficits were rescued by taurine administration. Metabolomic analyses showed that the ratio of the reduced (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was decreased; whereas the levels of cysteine, a substrate of GSH, and oxidative stress markers were upregulated in MELAS iPSCs. Taurine normalized these changes, suggesting that MELAS iPSCs were affected by the oxidative stress and taurine reduced its influence. We also analyzed the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) differentiated from MELAS iPSCs by using a three-dimensional culture system and found that it showed epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was suppressed by taurine. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction caused metabolic changes, accumulation of oxidative stress that depleted GSH, and EMT in the RPE that could be involved in retinal pathogenesis. Because all these phenomena were sensitive to taurine treatment, we conclude that administration of taurine may be a potential new therapeutic approach for mitochondria-related retinal diseases. iPS cell lines were derived from a MELAS patient with the mtDNA A3243G mutation. Decreased proliferation and survival of MELAS iPSCs were rescued by taurine. Reduction in GSH/GSSG ratio in MELAS iPSCs was suppressed by taurine. EMT in MELAS iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelium was suppressed by taurine. Oxidative stress markers in MELAS iPSCs and RPE were suppressed by taurine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Homma
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eriko Toda
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideto Osada
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nagai
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takumi Era
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoko Ozawa
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan; St. Luke's International University, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan.
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