Stabilization of CDK6 by ribosomal protein uS7, a target protein of the natural product fucoxanthinol

Recent advances in the biosynthesis and industrial biotechnology of Gamma-amino butyric acid

GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid), a crucial neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, has gained significant attention in recent years due to its extensive benefits for human health. The review focused on recent advances in the biosynthesis and production of GABA. To begin with, the investigation evaluates GABA-producing strains and metabolic pathways, focusing on microbial sources such as Lactic Acid Bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Corynebacterium glutamicum. The metabolic pathways of GABA are elaborated upon, including the GABA shunt and critical enzymes involved in its synthesis. Next, strategies to enhance microbial GABA production are discussed, including optimization of fermentation factors, different fermentation methods such as co-culture strategy and two-step fermentation, and modification of the GABA metabolic pathway. The review also explores methods for determining glutamate (Glu) and GABA levels, emphasizing the importance of accurate quantification. Furthermore, a comprehensive market analysis and prospects are provided, highlighting current trends, potential applications, and challenges in the GABA industry. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industrialists working on GABA advancements, focusing on its efficient synthesis processes and various applications, and providing novel ideas and approaches to improve GABA yield and quality.

Identification of membrane proteins targeted by small-molecule compounds using nanomagnetic beads

In drug discovery research, it is important to identify target proteins of bioactive small-molecule compounds and analyse their functions. In this study, we examined whether target membrane proteins could be captured by compounds that bind to membrane proteins on the cell surface. For this purpose, we performed affinity purification using the compound-immobilized nanomagnetic beads. Affinity purification with nanomagnetic beads is known to be effective for determining the protein binding partners of small molecules. However, most previous studies have targeted proteins in the cytoplasm. As a model compound, we chose BMS-1166 (a representative small-molecule compound from Bristol Myers Squibb), a PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor that binds to PD- L1 and promotes PD-L1 dimerization. BMS-1166-immobilized beads were manufactured and incubated with extracts of cells with high PD-L1 protein expression. The bound protein was confirmed by western blotting and proteomic analysis to be PD-L1. BMS-1166-immobilized nano-magnetic beads were able to specifically bind and capture the membrane protein PD-L1. In addition, high-purity protein could be obtained from cell extracts in a single step. This is the first report of the purification of a membrane protein to high purity with nanobeads. Nanomagnetic beads with immobilized compounds are an effective tool for identifying the protein binding partners of small molecules, especially when the targets are membrane proteins.