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de Smalen LM, Handschin C. Mitochondrial Maintenance in Skeletal Muscle. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2025; 17:a041514. [PMID: 39433393 PMCID: PMC7617582 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the tissues with the highest range of variability in metabolic rate, which, to a large extent, is critically dependent on tightly controlled and fine-tuned mitochondrial activity. Besides energy production, other mitochondrial processes, including calcium buffering, generation of heat, redox and reactive oxygen species homeostasis, intermediate metabolism, substrate biosynthesis, and anaplerosis, are essential for proper muscle contractility and performance. It is thus not surprising that adequate mitochondrial function is ensured by a plethora of mechanisms, aimed at balancing mitochondrial biogenesis, proteostasis, dynamics, and degradation. The fine-tuning of such maintenance mechanisms ranges from proper folding or degradation of individual proteins to the elimination of whole organelles, and in extremis, apoptosis of cells. In this review, the present knowledge on these processes in the context of skeletal muscle biology is summarized. Moreover, existing gaps in knowledge are highlighted, alluding to potential future studies and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. de Smalen
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Handschin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Xu J, Pan X, Zhang M, Sun K, Li Z, Chen J. Identification and Validation of the Potential Key Biomarkers for Atopic Dermatitis Mitochondrion by Learning Algorithms. J Inflamm Res 2025; 18:4291-4306. [PMID: 40144539 PMCID: PMC11937846 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s507085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Purpose Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythema and pruritus. Its precise pathogenesis remains unclear, though factors such as genetic predisposition, autoantigen response, allergen exposure, infections, and skin barrier dysfunction are involved. Research suggests a correlation between AD and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as oxidative stress in skin tissues. Methods Skin sample datasets related to AD (GSE36842, GSE120721, GSE16161, and GSE121212) were retrieved from the GEO database. Differential gene analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AD. Three potential biomarkers-COX17, ACOX2, and ADH1B-were identified using LASSO and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms. These biomarkers were validated through ROC curve analysis, nomogram modeling, calibration curves, and real-time PCR. Immune infiltration analysis assessed correlations of the biomarkers. Additionally, single-cell analysis of the GSE153760 dataset identified nine cell clusters and confirmed expression patterns of the three hub genes. Results Differential analysis identified 150 upregulated and 367 downregulated genes. Enrichment analysis revealed significant pathways related to mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism in skin samples from AD patients. Area under the curve (AUC) values for biomarkers COX17, ACOX2, and ADH1B were 1.000, 0.928, and 0.895, respectively, indicating strong predictive capacity. qPCR results showed COX17 was highly expressed in AD lesions, while ACOX2 and ADH1B were higher in normal skin, consistent with previous findings. Correlation analysis indicated ACOX2 and ADH1B were positively correlated with resting mast cells but negatively with activated T cells and NK cells, while COX17 showed a positive correlation with activated T cells and a negative correlation with resting mast cells. Conclusion This study suggests that the hub genes COX17, ACOX2, and ADH1B may serve as potential biomarkers in the pathogenesis of AD. These findings could provide insights for the treatment and prognosis of AD and related inflammatory skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Pan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kairong Sun
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihan Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People’s Republic of China
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Han YY, Tian Y, Song LF, Zhou Q, Rong YH, Qin ZS. Causal relationship between mitochondrial function and delirium: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis. Psychogeriatrics 2025; 25:e13229. [PMID: 39658369 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 11/30/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested a potential link between delirium and mitochondrial function. Consequently, this Mendelian randomisation (MR) study aimed to further investigate their causal relationship. METHODS In this bidirectional MR study, the relationship between 73 proteins related to mitochondrial function and delirium, including delirium not induced by alcohol or other psychoactive substances (DEL) and delirium associated with alcohol withdrawal (AL-DEL). The random-effects inverse variance weighting (RE-IVW) method was used as the primary analytical method. Furthermore, multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis was performed to assess the impact of positive exposures and known risk factors for delirium. To ensure the reliability of our findings, heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests were conducted. RESULTS The results of the RE-IVW method of MR analysis revealed that two proteins were positively associated with DEL (P < 0.05, odds ratio (OR) >1), whereas one protein was negatively associated with AL-DEL (P < 0.05, OR <1). In MVMR, ATP synthase subunit beta (ATP5F1B) was positively associated with DEL (P < 0.05, OR >1). Moreover, reverse MR analysis demonstrated that DEL was positively associated with three proteins (P < 0.05, OR >1) and negatively associated with two proteins (P < 0.05, OR <1). Finally, none of these associations displayed heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy (P > 0.05) or reverse causality. CONCLUSIONS This bidirectional, multivariable two-sample MR analysis identified a causal relationship between eight proteins related to mitochondrial function and delirium. These findings offer novel insights that could potentially influence early diagnosis, expand our understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and inform treatment strategies for delirium. Nevertheless, given the possibility of bias, these results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yang Han
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anaesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Fang Song
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anaesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anaesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Hui Rong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anaesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zai-Sheng Qin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anaesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, China
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Guo M, Zhang B. Discovery of Target Genes for Fibromyalgia through Bioinformatics Analysis. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2025; 35:39-53. [PMID: 40228225 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2025057263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2025]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition marked by widespread pain, fatigue, and other debilitating symptoms, affecting 2-4% of the population, predominantly women. Diagnosing FM is challenging due to its complex symptoms and lack of specific biomarkers. To characterize the gene expression profile in FM and identify target genes and potential biomarkers for FM. The RNA-sequencing data (RNA-seq) from FM patients and healthy controls were downloaded from the GEO database and analyzed in R to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted on all genes to identify FM-associated modules. The intersection of DEGs with key module genes was used to build four machine learning models, with the top features from the support vector machine model tested for drug sensitivity to identify therapeutic targets. Expression of the top five genes was validated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. We identified 1599 DEGs between FM and healthy control. WGCNA revealed that 267 genes in the pink module were correlated with FM. The overlapped 76 key DEGs allow us to build machine-learning models that predict FM with high accuracy (area under the curve = 0.877). The top five genes that are contributing to the model were tested for potential drug targets. Drug sensitivity analysis showed a strong correlation between HAVCR1 and 10 tyrosine kinase inhibitors among the top gene-drug relationships. This study identified key FM-associated gene targets, demonstrating that their expression profiles can be used to predict FM risk. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of FM and highlight potential therapeutic targets for improved FM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Guo
- Department of Pain, Luzhou People's Hospital
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Morizono MA, McGuire KL, Birouty NI, Herzik MA. Structural insights into GrpEL1-mediated nucleotide and substrate release of human mitochondrial Hsp70. Nat Commun 2024; 15:10815. [PMID: 39737924 PMCID: PMC11685456 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of protein homeostasis is necessary for cell viability and depends on a complex network of chaperones and co-chaperones, including the heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) system. In human mitochondria, mitochondrial Hsp70 (mortalin) and the nucleotide exchange factor (GrpEL1) work synergistically to stabilize proteins, assemble protein complexes, and facilitate protein import. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms guiding these processes is hampered by limited structural information. To elucidate these mechanistic details, we used cryoEM to determine structures of full-length human mortalin-GrpEL1 complexes in previously unobserved states. Our structures and molecular dynamics simulations allow us to delineate specific roles for mortalin-GrpEL1 interfaces and to identify steps in GrpEL1-mediated nucleotide and substrate release by mortalin. Subsequent analyses reveal conserved mechanisms across bacteria and mammals and facilitate a complete understanding of sequential nucleotide and substrate release for the Hsp70 chaperone system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Morizono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelly L McGuire
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Natalie I Birouty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Herzik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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6
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Manjunath P, Stojkovič G, Euro L, Konovalova S, Wanrooij S, Koski K, Tyynismaa H. Preferential binding of ADP-bound mitochondrial HSP70 to the nucleotide exchange factor GRPEL1 over GRPEL2. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5190. [PMID: 39445986 PMCID: PMC11500471 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Human nucleotide exchange factors GRPEL1 and GRPEL2 play pivotal roles in the ADP-ATP exchange within the protein folding cycle of mitochondrial HSP70 (mtHSP70), a crucial chaperone facilitating protein import into the mitochondrial matrix. Studies in human cells and mice have indicated that while GRPEL1 serves as an essential co-chaperone for mtHSP70, GRPEL2 has a role regulated by stress. However, the precise structural and biochemical mechanisms underlying the distinct functions of the GRPEL proteins have remained elusive. In our study, we present evidence revealing that ADP-bound mtHSP70 exhibits remarkably higher affinity for GRPEL1 compared to GRPEL2, with the latter experiencing a notable decrease in affinity upon ADP binding. Additionally, Pi assay showed that GRPEL1, but not GRPEL2, enhanced the ATPase activity of mtHSP70. Utilizing Alphafold modeling, we propose that the interaction between GRPEL1 and mtHSP70 can induce the opening of the nucleotide binding cleft of the chaperone, thereby facilitating the release of ADP, whereas GRPEL2 lacks this capability. Additionally, our findings suggest that the redox-regulated Cys87 residue in GRPEL2 does not play a role in dimerization but rather reduces its affinity for mtHSP70. Our findings on the structural and functional disparities between GRPEL1 and GRPEL2 may have implications for mitochondrial protein folding and import processes under varying cellular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Manjunath
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Gorazd Stojkovič
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Present address:
University Hospital of UmeåUmeåSweden
| | - Liliya Euro
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Sjoerd Wanrooij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Present address:
University Hospital of UmeåUmeåSweden
| | - Kristian Koski
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Makhnovskii PA, Kukushkina IV, Kurochkina NS, Popov DV. Knockout of Hsp70 genes significantly affects locomotion speed and gene expression in leg skeletal muscles of Drosophila melanogaster. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:567-575. [PMID: 38881428 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00143.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The functions of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) genes were studied using a line of Drosophila melanogaster with a knockout of 6 of these genes out of 13. Namely, the effect of knockout of Hsp70 genes on negative geotaxis climbing (locomotor) speed and the ability to adapt to climbing training (0.5-1.5 h/day, 7 days/wk, 19 days) were examined. Seven- and 23-day-old Hsp70- flies demonstrated a comparable reduction (twofold) in locomotor speed and widespread changes in leg skeletal muscle transcriptome (RNA sequencing) compared with w1118 flies. To identify the functions of genes related to decreased locomotor speed, the overlapped differentially expressed genes at both time points were analyzed: the upregulated genes encoded extracellular proteins, regulators of drug metabolism, and the antioxidant response, whereas downregulated genes encoded regulators of carbohydrate metabolism and transmembrane proteins. In addition, in Hsp70- flies, activation of transcription factors related to disruption of the fibril structure and heat shock response (Hsf) was predicted, using the position weight matrix approach. In control flies, adaptation to chronic exercise training was associated mainly with gene response to a single exercise bout, whereas the predicted transcription factors were related to stress/immune (Hsf, NF-κB, etc.) and early gene response. In contrast, Hsp70- flies demonstrated no adaptation to training as well as a significantly impaired gene response to a single exercise bout. In conclusion, the knockout of Hsp70 genes not only reduced physical performance but also disrupted adaptation to chronic physical training, which is associated with changes in the leg skeletal muscle transcriptome and impaired gene response to a single exercise bout.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Knockout of six heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) genes in Drosophila melanogaster reduced locomotion (climbing) speed that is associated with genotype-specific differences in leg skeletal muscle gene expression. Disrupted adaptation of Hsp70- flies to chronic exercise training is associated with impaired gene response to a single exercise bout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Makhnovskii
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V Kukushkina
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadia S Kurochkina
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil V Popov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Morizono MA, McGuire KL, Birouty NI, Herzik MA. Structural insights into GrpEL1-mediated nucleotide and substrate release of human mitochondrial Hsp70. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593630. [PMID: 38798347 PMCID: PMC11118385 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Maintenance of protein homeostasis is necessary for cell viability and depends on a complex network of chaperones and co-chaperones, including the heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) system. In human mitochondria, mitochondrial Hsp70 (mortalin) and the nucleotide exchange factor (GrpEL1) work synergistically to stabilize proteins, assemble protein complexes, and facilitate protein import. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms guiding these processes is hampered by limited structural information. To elucidate these mechanistic details, we used cryoEM to determine the first structures of full-length human mortalin-GrpEL1 complexes in previously unobserved states. Our structures and molecular dynamics simulations allow us to delineate specific roles for mortalin-GrpEL1 interfaces and to identify steps in GrpEL1-mediated nucleotide and substrate release by mortalin. Subsequent analyses reveal conserved mechanisms across bacteria and mammals and facilitate a complete understanding of sequential nucleotide and substrate release for the Hsp70 chaperone system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Morizono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kelly L. McGuire
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Natalie I. Birouty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mark A. Herzik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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Kohler A, Kohler V. Better Together: Interorganellar Communication in the Regulation of Proteostasis. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2024; 7:25152564241272245. [PMID: 39385949 PMCID: PMC11462569 DOI: 10.1177/25152564241272245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
An extensive network of chaperones and folding factors is responsible for maintaining a functional proteome, which is the basis for cellular life. The underlying proteostatic mechanisms are not isolated within organelles, rather they are connected over organellar borders via signalling processes or direct association via contact sites. This review aims to provide a conceptual understanding of proteostatic mechanisms across organelle borders, not focussing on individual organelles. This discussion highlights the precision of these finely tuned systems, emphasising the complicated balance between cellular protection and adaptation to stress. In this review, we discuss widely accepted aspects while shedding light on newly discovered perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kohler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Verena Kohler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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10
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Tian Z, Jiang S, Zhou J, Zhang W. Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in mitochondria. Life Sci 2023; 334:122223. [PMID: 38084674 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria serve as sites for energy production and are essential for regulating various forms of cell death induced by metal metabolism, targeted anticancer drugs, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Cuproptosis is an autonomous form of cell death that depends on copper (Cu) and mitochondrial metabolism. Although the recent discovery of cuproptosis highlights the significance of Cu and mitochondria, there is still a lack of biological evidence and experimental verification for the underlying mechanism. We provide an overview of how Cu and cuproptosis affect mitochondrial morphology and function. Through comparison with ferroptosis, similarities and differences in mitochondrial metabolism between cuproptosis and ferroptosis have been identified. These findings provide implications for further exploration of cuproptotic mechanisms. Furthermore, we explore the correlation between cuproptosis and immunotherapy or radiosensitivity. Ultimately, we emphasize the therapeutic potential of targeting cuproptosis as a novel approach for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Gonzalez-Garcia P, Fiorillo Moreno O, Zarate Peñata E, Calderon-Villalba A, Pacheco Lugo L, Acosta Hoyos A, Villarreal Camacho JL, Navarro Quiroz R, Pacheco Londoño L, Aroca Martinez G, Moares N, Gabucio A, Fernandez-Ponce C, Garcia-Cozar F, Navarro Quiroz E. From Cell to Symptoms: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Cytopathic Effects in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Long COVID. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098290. [PMID: 37175995 PMCID: PMC10179575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers various events from molecular to tissue level, which in turn is given by the intrinsic characteristics of each patient. Given the molecular diversity characteristic of each cellular phenotype, the possible cytopathic, tissue and clinical effects are difficult to predict, which determines the heterogeneity of COVID-19 symptoms. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2 on various cell types, focusing on the development of COVID-19, which in turn may lead, in some patients, to a persistence of symptoms after recovery from the disease, a condition known as long COVID. We describe the molecular mechanisms underlying virus-host interactions, including alterations in protein expression, intracellular signaling pathways, and immune responses. In particular, the article highlights the potential impact of these cytopathies on cellular function and clinical outcomes, such as immune dysregulation, neuropsychiatric disorders, and organ damage. The article concludes by discussing future directions for research and implications for the management and treatment of COVID-19 and long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ornella Fiorillo Moreno
- Clínica Iberoamerica, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Eloina Zarate Peñata
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | | | - Lisandro Pacheco Lugo
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Antonio Acosta Hoyos
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | | | - Roberto Navarro Quiroz
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gustavo Aroca Martinez
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Noelia Moares
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Gabucio
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cecilia Fernandez-Ponce
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Cozar
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Elkin Navarro Quiroz
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
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12
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Chen TH, Koh KY, Lin KMC, Chou CK. Mitochondrial Dysfunction as an Underlying Cause of Skeletal Muscle Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12926. [PMID: 36361713 PMCID: PMC9653750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are an important energy source in skeletal muscle. A main function of mitochondria is the generation of ATP for energy through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial defects or abnormalities can lead to muscle disease or multisystem disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by defective mitochondrial OXPHOS, mtDNA mutations, Ca2+ imbalances, mitochondrial-related proteins, mitochondrial chaperone proteins, and ultrastructural defects. In addition, an imbalance between mitochondrial fusion and fission, lysosomal dysfunction due to insufficient biosynthesis, and/or defects in mitophagy can result in mitochondrial damage. In this review, we explore the association between impaired mitochondrial function and skeletal muscle disorders. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for more research to determine the specific clinical benefits of mitochondrial therapy in the treatment of skeletal muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Kok-Yean Koh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Kurt Ming-Chao Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Kuang Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
- Obesity Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
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