Median cleft lip with dental arch and palate duplication. A case report

Lateral or oblique facial clefts associated with accessory maxillae: Review of the literature and report of a case

INTRODUCTION

Lateral or oblique facial clefts associated with accessory alveolar processes are very rare congenital anomalies; only a few clinical cases have been reported in published literature.

CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Here, we present a retrospective review of 22 cases of lateral facial clefts and six cases of oblique facial clefts associated with accessory alveolar processes, and a case report of 23-year-old woman from China with bilateral transverse facial clefts and accessory alveolar processes. We present a summary of their clinical features, along with bone and teeth abnormalities.

DISCUSSION

We identified 24 cases from published English literature and four cases from Chinese literature. Accessory alveolar processes in lateral or oblique facial clefts occurred most frequently in the molar region, with pterygoid processes and maxillary tuberosities as the most common site. The maxilla displayed a full complement of deciduous and permanent teeth appropriate to his age. Supernumerary teeth resembled deciduous and permanent molars developed in accessory alveolar processes. There was no cleft in the posterior maxillary alveolus. Some were cases of orbital and mandibular deformation.

CONCLUSION

The maxillary prominence was the main area of the lesion. Accessory alveolar processes may be an isolated pathology in lateral or oblique facial cleft.

An Unusual Accessory Mandible and a Submucosal Cleft Palate—A Case Report and Review of the Literature

An accessory mandible is a rare congenital anomaly that requires multidisciplinary management. This case report describes a female patient with an unusual accessory mandible, a dysplastic overgrowth of bone, containing teeth that extended from the midsymphyseal region. A submucosal cleft palate and cleft of the lower lip were also present. Her treatment plan took a staged approach with initial surgical resection of the accessory bone and teeth. The second stage, still in the planning phase, will correct the secondary deformity of an anterior open bite and will restore the missing lower anterior teeth. The original deformity and subsequent growth are discussed with the relevant literature.

The evolution of inflammatory mediators

Invertebrates do not display the level of sophistication in immune reactivity characteristic of mammals and other 'higher' vertebrates. Their great number and diversity of forms, however, reflect their evolutionary success and hence they must have effective mechanisms of defence to deal with parasites and pathogens and altered self tissues. Inflammation appears to be an important first line defence in all invertebrates and vertebrates. This brief review deals with the inflammatory responses of invertebrates and fish concentrating on the cell types involved and the mediators of inflammation, in particular, eicosanoids, cytokines and adhesion molecules.

Diprosopus: a unique case and review of the literature

BACKGROUND

We present a case of partial facial duplication in a male infant.

METHODS

The clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings for this patient are described, followed by a review of the literature.

RESULTS

Craniofacial duplication is a rare form of conjoined twinning and presents in a wide spectrum, from dicephalus to diprosopus to partial facial duplication. Many of these cases can be diagnosed prenatally. Prenatal assessment of our patient revealed only agenesis of the corpus callosum.

CONCLUSIONS

The pathogenesis is believed to involve duplication of the notochord. Where there are more severe associated anomalies, the prognosis is poor. Partial facial duplication, as in our case, is associated with fewer anomalies, and the prognosis is better. Symmetry and an excess of tissue, rather than deficiency, favor a positive result.