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RNA-seq profiles of chicken type II pneumocyte in response to Escherichia coli infection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217438. [PMID: 31166969 PMCID: PMC6550405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes great economic loss to the poultry industry worldwide. Chicken type II pneumocytes (CP II cells) secrete surfactants and modulate lung immunity to decrease the infection of the invading pathogen. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of CP II cells to APEC infection remains poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted global gene expression profiling of CP II cells after APEC-O78 infection to explore the host-pathogen interaction. The differentially expressed genes of CP II cells to APEC infection were characterized by RNA-seq with EB-seq algorithm. In consequence, the mRNA of 18996 genes was identified, and CP II cells responded to APEC infection with marked changes in the expression of 1390 genes. Among them, there are 803 down-regulated mRNAs and 587 up-regulated mRNAs. The KEGG prediction and Gene Ontology terms analysis revealed that the major enriched pathways were related to NF-κB signaling pathway, apoptosis pathway, tight junction, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and other pathways. We adopted qRT-PCR to verify the validity of the selected gene expression. The fold induction of qPCR was similar to the RNA-seq results. These results provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of APEC, especially apoptosis pathway involved in APEC infection.
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Andriu A, Crockett J, Dall'Angelo S, Piras M, Zanda M, Fleming IN. Binding of α vβ 3 Integrin-Specific Radiotracers Is Modulated by Both Integrin Expression Level and Activation Status. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 20:27-36. [PMID: 28695371 PMCID: PMC5775384 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular imaging of αvβ3 integrin has exhibited real potential to guide the appropriate use of anti-angiogenic therapies. However, an incomplete understanding of the factors that influence binding of αvβ3 integrin-specific radiotracers currently limits their use for assessing response to therapy in cancer patients. This study identifies two fundamental factors that modulate uptake of these radiotracers. Procedures Experiments were performed in prostate cancer (PC3) and glioblastoma (U87MG) cells, which differentially express αvβ3 integrin. αvβ3 integrin-specific radiotracers were used to investigate the effect of manipulating αvβ3 integrin expression or activation in cellular binding assays. β3 integrin and αvβ3 integrin expression were measured by western blotting and flow cytometry, respectively. The effect of select pharmacological inhibitors on αvβ3 integrin activation and expression was also determined. RESULTS Radiotracer binding was proportional to αvβ3 integrin expression when it was decreased (β3 knock-down cells) or increased, either using pharmacological inhibitors of cell signalling or by culturing cells for different times. Studies with both small molecule and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-based radiotracers revealed increased radiotracer binding after activation of αvβ3 integrin with Mn2+ or talin head domain. Moreover, inhibition of fundamental signalling pathways (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), Src and VEGFR2) decreased radiotracer binding, reflecting reduced αvβ3 integrin activity. CONCLUSION Binding of small molecule ligands and radiolabelled RGD peptides is modulated by expression and activation status of αvβ3 integrin. αvβ3 integrin-specific radiotracers can provide otherwise inaccessible information of the effect of signalling pathways on αvβ3 integrin. This has significant implications for assessing response to anti-angiogenic therapies in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Andriu
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Julie Crockett
- Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Medicine Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Monica Piras
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ian N Fleming
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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3
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Lin M, Chen B. Advances in the drug therapies of acute myeloid leukemia (except acute wpromyelocytic leukemia). Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:1009-1017. [PMID: 29750014 PMCID: PMC5933364 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s161199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy, characterized by the clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and/or other tissues. The new drugs used for treating AML are facing a big challenge, and the candidates include cytotoxic drugs, targeted small-molecule inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies. In recent years, active research has focused on several new agents for including them in the large antileukemic drug family. This review aims to introduce some of these new drugs and highlights new advances made in the old drugs, mainly in the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Pomares H, Palmeri CM, Iglesias-Serret D, Moncunill-Massaguer C, Saura-Esteller J, Núñez-Vázquez S, Gamundi E, Arnan M, Preciado S, Albericio F, Lavilla R, Pons G, González-Barca EM, Cosialls AM, Gil J. Targeting prohibitins induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64987-65000. [PMID: 27542247 PMCID: PMC5323132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorizoline is a new synthetic molecule that induces apoptosis by selectively targeting prohibitins (PHBs). In this study, the pro-apoptotic effect of fluorizoline was assessed in two cell lines and 21 primary samples from patients with debut of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Fluorizoline induced apoptosis in AML cells at concentrations in the low micromolar range. All primary samples were sensitive to fluorizoline irrespectively of patients' clinical or genetic features. In addition, fluorizoline inhibited the clonogenic capacity and induced differentiation of AML cells. Fluorizoline increased the mRNA and protein levels of the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member NOXA both in cell lines and primary samples analyzed. These results suggest that targeting PHBs could be a new therapeutic strategy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pomares
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei d'Hematologia, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia M Palmeri
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Iglesias-Serret
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Moncunill-Massaguer
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Saura-Esteller
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Núñez-Vázquez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Gamundi
- Servei d'Hematologia, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Arnan
- Servei d'Hematologia, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Preciado
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Pons
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana M Cosialls
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Gil
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
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Lazzari P, Spiga M, Sani M, Zanda M, Fleming IN. KEMTUB012-NI2, a novel potent tubulysin analog that selectively targets hypoxic cancer cells and is potentiated by cytochrome p450 reductase downregulation. HYPOXIA 2017; 5:45-59. [PMID: 28580362 PMCID: PMC5448701 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s132832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is an urgent need to develop effective therapies and treatment strategies to treat hypoxic tumors, which have a very poor prognosis and do not respond well to existing therapies. METHODS A novel hypoxia-targeting agent, KEMTUB012-NI2, was synthesized by conjugating a 2-nitroimidazole hypoxia-targeting moiety to a synthetic tubulysin, a very potent antimitotic. Its hypoxic selectivity and mode of action were studied in breast cancer cell lines. RESULTS KEMTUB012-NI2 exhibited a similar selectivity for hypoxic cells to that of tirapazamine, a well-established hypoxia-targeting agent, but was >1,000 times more potent in cell cytotoxicity assays. The hypoxia-targeting mechanism for both KEMTUB012-NI2 and tirapazamine was selective and mediated by one-electron reductases. However, while cytochrome p450 reductase (POR) downregulation could inhibit tirapazamine cytotoxicity, it actually sensitized hypoxic cells to KEMTUB012-NI2. CONCLUSION KEMTUB012-NI2 is a potent new agent that can selectively target hypoxic cancer cells. The hypoxia selectivity of KEMTUB012-NI2 and tirapazamine appears to be differentially activated by reductases. Since reductases are heterogeneously expressed in tumors, the different activation mechanisms will allow these agents to complement each other. Combining POR downregulation with KEMTUB012-NI2 treatment could be a new treatment strategy that maximizes efficacy toward hypoxic tumor cells while limiting systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lazzari
- KemoTech s.r.l., Parco Scientifico della Sardegna, Pula, Cagliari
| | - Marco Spiga
- KemoTech s.r.l., Parco Scientifico della Sardegna, Pula, Cagliari
| | - Monica Sani
- KemoTech s.r.l., Parco Scientifico della Sardegna, Pula, Cagliari.,C.N.R. - Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Sezione 'A. Quilico', Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Zanda
- C.N.R. - Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Sezione 'A. Quilico', Milano, Italy.,Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen
| | - Ian N Fleming
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Lai TH, Ewald B, Zecevic A, Liu C, Sulda M, Papaioannou D, Garzon R, Blachly JS, Plunkett W, Sampath D. HDAC Inhibition Induces MicroRNA-182, which Targets RAD51 and Impairs HR Repair to Sensitize Cells to Sapacitabine in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3537-49. [PMID: 26858310 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The double-strand breaks elicited by sapacitabine, a clinically active nucleoside analogue prodrug, are repaired by RAD51 and the homologous recombination repair (HR) pathway, which could potentially limit its toxicity. We investigated the mechanism by which histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors targeted RAD51 and HR to sensitize acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells to sapacitabine. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified the role of HDACs in silencing miR-182 in AML. Immunoblotting, gene expression, overexpression, or inhibition of miR-182 and luciferase assays established that miR-182 directly targeted RAD51. HR reporter assays, apoptotic assays, and colony-forming assays established that the miR-182, as well as the HDAC inhibition-mediated decreases in RAD51 inhibited HR repair and sensitized cells to sapacitabine. RESULTS The gene repressors, HDAC1 and HDAC2, became recruited to the promoter of miR-182 to silence its expression in AML. HDAC inhibition induced miR-182 in AML cell lines and primary AML blasts. miR-182 targeted RAD51 protein both in luciferase assays and in AML cells. Overexpression of miR-182, as well as HDAC inhibition-mediated induction of miR-182 were linked to time- and dose-dependent decreases in the levels of RAD51, an inhibition of HR, increased levels of residual damage, and decreased survival after exposure to double-strand damage-inducing agents. CONCLUSIONS Our findings define the mechanism by which HDAC inhibition induces miR-182 to target RAD51 and highlights a novel pharmacologic strategy that compromises the ability of AML cells to conduct HR, thereby sensitizing AML cells to DNA-damaging agents that activate HR as a repair and potential resistance mechanism. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3537-49. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Huei Lai
- Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brett Ewald
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alma Zecevic
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chaomei Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Melanie Sulda
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dimitrios Papaioannou
- Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ramiro Garzon
- Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James S Blachly
- Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - William Plunkett
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Deepa Sampath
- Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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7
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Norkin M, Richards AI. Sapacitabine in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:1261-6. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Mccloskey J, Koprivnikar J, Faderl S. Sapacitabine in acute myelogenous leukemia. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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The tubulysin analogue KEMTUB10 induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells via p53, Bim and Bcl-2. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141:1575-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-1921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Pierceall WE, Lena RJ, Medeiros BC, Blake N, Doykan C, Elashoff M, Cardone MH, Walter RB. Mcl-1 dependence predicts response to vorinostat and gemtuzumab ozogamicin in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2014; 38:564-8. [PMID: 24636337 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are commonly considered for investigational therapies, which often only benefit subsets of patients. In this study, we assessed whether BH3 profiling of apoptotic functionality could predict outcomes following treatment with vorinostat (histone deacetylase inhibitor) and gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO; CD33-targeted immunoconjugate). Flow cytometry of BH3 peptide priming with Noxa (anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 modulator) correlated with remission induction (p=.026; AUC=0.83 [CI: 0.65-1.00; p=.00042]: AUC=0.88 [CI:0.75-1.00] with age adjustment) and overall survival (p=.027 logistic regression; AUC=0.87 [0.64-1.00; p=.0017]). This Mcl-1-dependence suggests a pivotal role of Bcl-2 family protein-mediated apoptosis to vorinostat/GO in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan J Lena
- Eutropics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Noel Blake
- Eutropics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Camille Doykan
- Eutropics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Roland B Walter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
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11
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Zhang Z, Hao C, Wang L, Liu P, Zhao L, Zhu C, Tian X. Inhibition of leukemic cells by valproic acid, an HDAC inhibitor, in xenograft tumors. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:733-40. [PMID: 23836985 PMCID: PMC3699303 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s46135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The chimeric fusion protein, AML1-ETO, generated by translocation of t(8;21), abnormally recruits histone deacetylase (HDAC) to the promoters of AML1 target genes, resulting in transcriptional repression of the target genes and development of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia. Abnormal expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, especially p21, is considered a possible mechanism of the arrested maturation and differentiation seen in leukemia cells. A new generation of HDAC inhibitors is becoming an increasing focus of attention for their ability to induce differentiation and apoptosis in tumor cells and to block the cell cycle. Our previous research had demonstrated that valproic acid induces G0/G1 arrest of Kasumi-1 cells in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia. In this study, we further confirmed that valproic acid inhibits the growth of Kasumi-1 cells in a murine xenograft tumor model, and that this occurs via upregulation of histone acetylation in the p21 promoter region, enhancement of p21 expression, suppression of phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein, blocking of transcription activated by E2F, and induction of G0/G1 arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Zhang
- Hematology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
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12
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Berendsen S, Broekman M, Seute T, Snijders T, van Es C, de Vos F, Regli L, Robe P. Valproic acid for the treatment of malignant gliomas: review of the preclinical rationale and published clinical results. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:1391-415. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.694425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pierre Robe
- UMC Utrecht,
Utrecht, Netherlands
- University of Liège,
Liège, Belgium
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13
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Jabbour E, Garcia-Manero G, Cortes J, Ravandi F, Plunkett W, Gandhi V, Faderl S, O'Brien S, Borthakur G, Kadia T, Burger J, Konopleva M, Brandt M, Huang X, Kantarjian H. Twice-daily fludarabine and cytarabine combination with or without gentuzumab ozogamicin is effective in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia, high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome, and blast- phase chronic myeloid leukemia. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2012; 12:244-51. [PMID: 22534616 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination of twice-daily fludarabine and cytarabine (BIDFA) in patients with refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and chronic myeloid leukemia in myeloid blast phase (CML-BP). One hundred seven patients were enrolled. Overall, 27 (26%) patients responded with a complete remission (CR) rate of 21% and CR without platelet recovery (CRp) of 5%. The overall 4-week mortality rate was 9%. In conclusion, BIDFA is active and safe in heavily pretreated patients with myeloid malignancies. BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of twice-daily fludarabine and cytarabine (BIDFA) in patients with refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and chronic myeloid leukemia in myeloid blast phase (CML-BP). PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred seven patients with refractory/relapsed AML, intermediate and high-risk MDS, and CML-BP, with a performance status of 3 or less and normal organ function were treated. Patients received fludarabine 15 mg/m(2) intravenously (IV) every 12 hours on days 1 to 5 and cytarabine 0.5 g/m(2) IV over 2 hours every 12 hours on days 1 to 5. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) was administered at 3 mg/m(2) IV on day 1 in the first 59 patients. Patients with CML-BP were allowed to receive concomitant tyrosine kinase inhibitors. RESULTS Overall, 27 (26%) patients responded with a complete remission (CR) rate of 21% and CR without platelet recovery of 5%. The overall 4-week mortality rate was 9%. The CR rates for patients with relapsed AML with first CR duration greater than or equal to 12 months, relapsed AML with first CR duration less than 12 months, and refractory/relapsed AML beyond first salvage were 56%, 26%, and 11%, respectively. With a median follow-up of 7 months, the 6-month event-free survival, overall survival, and complete remission CR duration rates were 18%, 35%, and 70%, respectively. CONCLUSION BIDFA is active with an overall response rate of 26% in a heavily pretreated population. This combination is safe with a low 4-week mortality rate of 9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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14
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sapacitabine is an orally bioavailable nucleoside analog prodrug that is in clinical trials for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The active metabolite of sapacitabine, CNDAC (2'-C-cyano-2'-deoxy-1-β-D-arabino-pentofuranosylcytosine), exhibits the unique mechanism of action of causing single-strand breaks (SSBs) after incorporation into DNA, which are converted into double-strand breaks (DSBs) when cells enter a second S-phase. CNDAC-induced DSBs are predominantly repaired through homologous recombination (HR). Cells deficient in HR components are greatly sensitized to CNDAC. Therefore, sapacitabine could be specifically effective against tumors that are deficient in this repair pathway. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes results from supporting evidence for the mechanisms of action of sapacitabine, its preclinical activities and the current results of clinical trials in a variety of cancers. The novel action mechanism of sapacitabine is discussed, with a view to validate it as a chemotherapeutic drug targeting malignancies with defects in HR. EXPERT OPINION Knowledge of CNDAC mechanism identifies tumors that may be sensitized to sapacitabine, thus enabling a personalized treatment strategy. It also creates the opportunity to overcome resistance to current front-line therapies and identify synergistic interactions with known anticancer drugs. The results of such investigations may provide rationales for the design of sapacitabine-based clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Leukemia, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Plunkett
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Leukemia, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Mato A, Feldman T, Richter J, Siegel DS, Goy A. Liquid tumors in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med 2012; 28:115-52. [PMID: 22326039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Mato
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACi) represent a new epigenetic targeting therapy class, which is widely investigated in fundamental research and clinical trials. They are able to restore and increase tumor suppressor genes expression and to play an anti-tumoral activity through numerous targets, which are distributed all over the main differentiation, proliferation and survival cellular pathways. Their use in hematology led to vorinostat (SAHA) and romidepsin approval by FDA for the treatment of refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Preclinical and preliminary clinical results show a promising antineoplasic activity in most hematologic malignancies. This review will focus on the HDACi recent developments and current investigations, highlighted by recent communications.
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17
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Robak T. New nucleoside analogs for patients with hematological malignancies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2011; 20:343-59. [PMID: 21320002 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2011.554822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last few years, several new purine and pyrimidine nucleoside analogs have been synthesized and made available for both preclinical studies and clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This article summarizes recent achievements in the mechanism of action, pharmacological properties and clinical activity and toxicity as well as the emerging role of newer purine and pyrimidine nucleoside analogs potentially active in lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. A literature review was conducted from the MEDLINE database PubMed for articles in English. Publications from 2000 to October 2010 were scrutinized. The search terms used were clofarabine, nelarabine, forodesine, 8-chloroadenosine, LMP-420, azacitidine, decitabine, sapacitabine, troxacitabine, thiarabine and zebularine in conjunction with hematologic malignancies, leukemia and lymphoma. Conference proceedings from the previous 5 years of the American Society of Hematology, European Hematology Association, and American Society of Clinical Oncology were searched manually. Additional relevant publications were obtained by reviewing the references from the chosen articles. EXPERT OPINION Several new nucleoside analogs are currently under investigation in preclinical and clinical studies concerning hematological malignancies. Clofarabine, nelarabine, azacitidine and decitabine have been recently approved for the treatment of leukemias and/or myelodysplastic syndromes. Other agents including forodesine, 8-chloroadenosine, LMP-420, sapacitabine, troxacitabine, thiarabine and zebularine seem to be promising for the treatment of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. However, definitive data from ongoing and future clinical trials will aid in better defining their status in the treatment of hematological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Robak
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Hematology, Lodz, Poland.
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Dinarello CA, Fossati G, Mascagni P. Histone deacetylase inhibitors for treating a spectrum of diseases not related to cancer. Mol Med 2011; 17:333-52. [PMID: 21556484 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This issue of Molecular Medicine contains 14 original research reports and state-of-the-art reviews on histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi's), which are being studied in models of a broad range of diseases not related to the proapoptotic properties used to treat cancer. The spectrum of these diseases responsive to HDACi's is for the most part due to several antiinflammatory properties, often observed in vitro but importantly also in animal models. One unifying property is a reduction in cytokine production as well as inhibition of cytokine postreceptor signaling. Distinct from their use in cancer, the reduction in inflammation by HDACi's is consistently observed at low concentrations compared with the higher concentrations required for killing tumor cells. This characteristic makes HDACi's attractive candidates for treating chronic diseases, since low doses are well tolerated. For example, low oral doses of the HDACi givinostat have been used in children to reduce arthritis and are well tolerated. In addition to the antiinflammatory properties, HDACi's have shown promise in models of neurodegenerative disorders, and HDACi's also hold promise to drive HIV-1 out of latently infected cells. No one molecular mechanism accounts for the non-cancer-related properties of HDACi's, since there are 18 genes coding for histone deacetylases. Rather, there are mechanisms unique for the pathological process of specific cell types. In this overview, we summarize the preclinical data on HDACi's for therapy in a wide spectrum of diseases unrelated to the treatment of cancer. The data suggest the use of HDACi's in treating autoimmune as well as chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
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