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Hideko Tatakihara VL, Malvezi AD, Pereira RS, Lucchetti BFC, Dos Santos LF, Cecchini R, Yamauchi LM, Yamada-Ogatta SF, Miranda KM, Verri WA, Martins-Pinge MC, Pinge-Filho P. The Therapeutic Potential of Angeli's Salt in Mitigating Acute Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Mice. Pathogens 2023; 12:1063. [PMID: 37624023 PMCID: PMC10458646 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected tropical disease prevalent in Latin America. Infected patients are treated to eliminate the parasite, reduce the cardiomyopathy risk, and interrupt the disease transmission cycle. The World Health Organization recognizes benznidazole (BZ) and nifurtimox as effective drugs for CD treatment. In the chronic phase, both drugs have low cure rates and serious side effects. T. cruzi infection causes intense tissue inflammation that controls parasite proliferation and CD evolution. Compounds that liberate nitric oxide (NO) (NO donors) have been used as anti-T. cruzi therapeutics. Currently, there is no evidence that nitroxyl (HNO) affects T. cruzi infection outcomes. This study investigated the effects of the HNO donor Angeli's salt (AS) on C57BL/6 mice infected with T. cruzi (Y strain, 5 × 103 trypomastigotes, intraperitoneally). AS reduced the number of parasites in the bloodstream and heart nests and increased the protective antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes in infected animals, reducing disease severity. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that AS treatment reduced parasite uptake and trypomastigote release by macrophages. Taken together, these findings from the murine model and in vitro testing suggest that AS could be a promising therapy for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Lúcia Hideko Tatakihara
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Experimental, Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil (L.F.D.S.)
| | - Aparecida Donizette Malvezi
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Experimental, Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil (L.F.D.S.)
| | - Rito Santo Pereira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Experimental, Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil (L.F.D.S.)
| | - Bruno Fernando Cruz Lucchetti
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Fisiopatologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Universitário do Vale do Araguaia, Barra do Garças 78603-209, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Lucas Felipe Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Experimental, Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil (L.F.D.S.)
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia e Radicais Livres, Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucy Megumi Yamauchi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Katrina M. Miranda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Dor, Inflamação, Neuropatia e Câncer, Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marli Cardoso Martins-Pinge
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Universitário do Vale do Araguaia, Barra do Garças 78603-209, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Experimental, Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil (L.F.D.S.)
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2
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Navale GR, Singh S, Ghosh K. NO donors as the wonder molecules with therapeutic potential: Recent trends and future perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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3
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Britten NS, Butler JA. Ruthenium metallotherapeutics: novel approaches to combatting parasitic infections. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5159-5178. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220401105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human parasitic infections cause a combined global mortality rate of over one million people per annum and represent some of the most challenging diseases for medical intervention. Current chemotherapeutic strategies often require prolonged treatment, coupled with subsequent drug-induced cytotoxic morbidity to the host, while resistance generation is also a major concern. Metals have been used extensively throughout the history of medicine, with more recent applications as anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Ruthenium metallotherapeutic antiparasitic agents are highly effective at targeting a range of key parasites, including the causative agents of malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, amoebiasis, toxoplasmosis and other orphan diseases, while demonstrating lower cytotoxicity profiles than current treatment strategies. Generally, such compounds also demonstrate activity against multiple cellular target sites within parasites, including inhibition of enzyme function, cell membrane perturbation, and alterations to metabolic pathways, therefore reducing the opportunity for resistance generation. This review provides a comprehensive and subjective analysis of the rapidly developing area of ruthenium metal-based antiparasitic chemotherapeutics, in the context of rational drug design and potential clinical approaches to combatting human parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Britten
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A. Butler
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Biophysicochemical studies of a ruthenium (II) nitrosyl thioether‐thiolate complex binding to BSA: Mechanistic information, molecular docking, and relationship to antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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5
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Reaction mechanisms relevant to the formation and utilization of [Ru(edta)(NO)] complexes in aqueous media. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 225:111595. [PMID: 34555599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The advancement of Ru(edta) complexes (edta4- = ethylenediamineteraacetate) mediated reactions, including NO generation and its utilization, has not been systematically reviewed to date. This review aims to report the research progress that has been made in exploring the application of Ru(edta) complexes in trapping and generation of NO. Furthermore, utilization of the potential of Ru(edta) complexes to mimic NO synthase and nitrite reductase activity, including thermodynamics and kinetics of NO binding to Ru(edta) complexes, their NO scavenging (in vitro), and antitumor activity will be discussed. Also, the role of [Ru(edta)(NO)] in mediating electrochemical reduction of nitrite, S-nitrosylation of biological thiols, and cross-talk between NO and H2S, will be covered. Reports on the NO-related chemistry of Fe(edta) complexes showing similar behavior are contextualized in this review for comparison purposes. The research contributions compiled herein will provide in-depth mechanistic knowledge for understanding the diverse routes pertaining to the formation of the [Ru(edta)(NO)] species, and its role in effecting the aforementioned reactions of biochemical significance.
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Navarro M, Justo RMS, Delgado GYS, Visbal G. Metallodrugs for the Treatment of Trypanosomatid Diseases: Recent Advances and New Insights. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1763-1789. [PMID: 33185155 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201113104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomatid parasites are responsible for many Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). NTDs are a group of illnesses that prevail in low-income populations, such as in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The three major human diseases caused by trypanosomatids are African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. There are known drugs for the treatment of these diseases that are used extensively and are affordable; however, the use of these medicines is limited by several drawbacks such as the development of chemo-resistance, side effects such as cardiotoxicity, low selectivity, and others. Therefore, there is a need to develop new chemotherapeutic against these tropical parasitic diseases. Metal-based drugs against NTDs have been discussed over the years as alternative ways to overcome the difficulties presented by approved antiparasitic agents. The study of late transition metal-based drugs as chemotherapeutics is an exciting research field in chemistry, biology, and medicine due to the ability to develop multitarget antiparasitic agents. The evaluation of the late transition metal complexes for the treatment of trypanosomatid diseases is provided here, as well as some insights about their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Navarro
- Departamento de Quimica, Instituto de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M S Justo
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Giset Y Sánchez Delgado
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Visbal
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Brazil
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7
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Munteanu AC, Uivarosi V. Ruthenium Complexes in the Fight against Pathogenic Microorganisms. An Extensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:874. [PMID: 34199283 PMCID: PMC8232020 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant populations of microorganisms. Clearly, one can see the need to develop new, more effective, antimicrobial agents that go beyond the explored 'chemical space'. In this regard, their unique modes of action (e.g., reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, redox activation, ligand exchange, depletion of substrates involved in vital cellular processes) render metal complexes as promising drug candidates. Several Ru (II/III) complexes have been included in, or are currently undergoing, clinical trials as anticancer agents. Based on the in-depth knowledge of their chemical properties and biological behavior, the interest in developing new ruthenium compounds as antibiotic, antifungal, antiparasitic, or antiviral drugs has risen. This review will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Ru (II/III) frameworks as antimicrobial agents. Some aspects regarding the relationship between their chemical structure and mechanism of action, cellular localization, and/or metabolism of the ruthenium complexes in bacterial and eukaryotic cells are discussed as well. Regarding the antiviral activity, in light of current events related to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Ru (II/III) compounds used against SARS-CoV-2 (e.g., BOLD-100) are also reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Cristina Munteanu
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentina Uivarosi
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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Mazzeti AL, Capelari-Oliveira P, Bahia MT, Mosqueira VCF. Review on Experimental Treatment Strategies Against Trypanosoma cruzi. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:409-432. [PMID: 33833592 PMCID: PMC8020333 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s267378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Currently, only nitroheterocyclic nifurtimox (NFX) and benznidazole (BNZ) are available for the treatment of Chagas disease, with limitations such as variable efficacy, long treatment regimens and toxicity. Different strategies have been used to discover new active molecules for the treatment of Chagas disease. Target-based and phenotypic screening led to thousands of compounds with anti-T. cruzi activity, notably the nitroheterocyclic compounds, fexinidazole and its metabolites. In addition, drug repurposing, drug combinations, re-dosing regimens and the development of new formulations have been evaluated. The CYP51 antifungal azoles, as posaconazole, ravuconazole and its prodrug fosravuconazole presented promising results in experimental Chagas disease. Drug combinations of nitroheterocyclic and azoles were able to induce cure in murine infection. New treatment schemes using BNZ showed efficacy in the experimental chronic stage, including against dormant forms of T. cruzi. And finally, sesquiterpene lactone formulated in nanocarriers displayed outstanding efficacy against different strains of T. cruzi, susceptible or resistant to BNZ, the reference drug. These pre-clinical results are encouraging and provide interesting evidence to improve the treatment of patients with Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lia Mazzeti
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico e Nanotecnologia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.,Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Patricia Capelari-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico e Nanotecnologia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha Bahia
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carla Furtado Mosqueira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico e Nanotecnologia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
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9
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Dorababu A. Pharmacology Profile of Recently Developed Multi‐Functional Azoles; SAR‐Based Predictive Structural Modification. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Studies in ChemistrySRMPP Govt. First Grade College Huvinahadagali 583219, Karnataka India
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10
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A ruthenium nitrosyl cyclam complex with appended anthracenyl fluorophore. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Honorato J, Colina-Vegas L, Correa RS, Guedes APM, Miyata M, Pavan FR, Ellena J, Batista AA. Esterification of the free carboxylic group from the lutidinic acid ligand as a tool to improve the cytotoxicity of Ru(ii) complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qi00941d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The esterification of the free carboxyl group in ruthenium complexes improves the complex interactions with biomolecules, lipophilicity, and cellular uptake, making them more selective against tumor cells than cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Honorato
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Legna Colina-Vegas
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Correa
- Departamento de Química
- ICEB
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto – UFOP
- Ouro Preto MG
- Brazil
| | - Adriana P. M. Guedes
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Marcelo Miyata
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
- Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP
- Araraquara
- Brazil
| | - Fernando R. Pavan
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
- Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP
- Araraquara
- Brazil
| | - Javier Ellena
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo – USP
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Alzir A. Batista
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar
- São Carlos
- Brazil
- Instituto de Química
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Ong YC, Roy S, Andrews PC, Gasser G. Metal Compounds against Neglected Tropical Diseases. Chem Rev 2018; 119:730-796. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yih Ching Ong
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Saonli Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip C. Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
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Makhinya AN, Il’in MA, Korol’kov IV, Baidina IA. Some Transformations of trans-Tetrapyridine Complexes of Nitrosoruthenium: Crystal Structures of [Ru(NO)Py4(OH)](PF6)2 ⋅ (CH3)2CO and [H5O2]2[Ru(NO)Py4Cl]Cl4. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328418100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Fonseca D, Páez C, Ibarra L, García-Huertas P, Macías MA, Triana-Chávez O, Hurtado JJ. Metal complex derivatives of bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane ligands: synthesis, characterization and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-0277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Synthesis, crystal structure, catalytic and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of a new chromium(III) complex containing bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Possato B, Carneiro ZA, de Albuquerque S, Nikolaou S. New uses for old complexes: The very first report on the trypanocidal activity of symmetric trinuclear ruthenium complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 176:156-158. [PMID: 28915432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on the trypanocidal activity of a series of symmetric triruthenium complexes combined with azanaphthalene ligands of general formula [Ru3O(CH3COO)6(L)3]PF6 (L=(1) quinazoline (qui), (2) 5-nitroisoquinoline (5-nitroiq), (3) 5-bromoisoquinoline (5-briq), (4) isoquinoline (iq), (5) 5-aminoisoquinoline (5-amiq), and (6) 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline (thiq)). All complexes within the series presented in vitro trypanocidal activity against both the trypomastigote and amastigote forms of T. cruzi. The IC50 values obtained for complexes 1-6 ranged from 1.39 to 165.9μM for the trypomastigote form and from 1.06 to 53.16μM for the amastigote form. These values were lower than the values observed for the metallic core [Ru3O(CH3COO)6(CH3OH)3]+ itself and for the free ligands in all cases. Remarkably, complex 6 displayed lower IC50 values than the reference drug (benznidazole) for the acute (trypomastigote form) and chronic (amastigote form) phases of Chagas disease. These findings, combined with the low toxicity against healthy cells (LLK-MK2 strain) and a high SI value (Selectivity Index >10) make complex 6 an excellent candidate for in vivo tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Possato
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Zumira Aparecida Carneiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, CEP: 14040-903, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio de Albuquerque
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, CEP: 14040-903, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sofia Nikolaou
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Mir JM, Jain N, Jaget PS, Maurya RC. Density functionalized [Ru II(NO)(Salen)(Cl)] complex: Computational photodynamics and in vitro anticancer facets. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 19:363-374. [PMID: 28743589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment that uses photosensitizing agents to kill cancer cells. Scientific community has been eager for decades to design an efficient PDT drug. Under such purview, the current report deals with the computational photodynamic behavior of ruthenium(II) nitrosyl complex containing N, N'-salicyldehyde-ethylenediimine (SalenH2), the synthesis and X-ray crystallography of which is already known [Ref. 38,39]. Gaussian 09W software package was employed to carry out the density functional (DFT) studies. DFT calculations with Becke-3-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP)/Los Alamos National Laboratory 2 Double Z (LanL2DZ) specified for Ru atom and B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) combination for all other atoms were used using effective core potential method. Both, the ground and excited states of the complex were evolved. Some known photosensitizers were compared with the target complex. Pthalocyanine and porphyrin derivatives were the compounds selected for the respective comparative study. It is suggested that effective photoactivity was found due to the presence of ruthenium core in the model complex. In addition to the evaluation of theoretical aspects in vitro anticancer aspects against COLO-205 human cancer cells have also been carried out with regard to the complex. More emphasis was laid to extrapolate DFT to depict the chemical power of the target compound to release nitric oxide. A promising visible light triggered nitric oxide releasing power of the compound has been inferred. In vitro antiproliferative studies of [RuCl3(PPh3)3] and [Ru(NO)(Salen)(Cl)] have revealed the model complex as an excellent anticancer agent. From IC50 values of 40.031mg/mL in former and of 9.74mg/mL in latter, it is established that latter bears more anticancer potentiality. From overall study the DFT based structural elucidation and the efficiency of NO, Ru and Salen co-ligands has shown promising drug delivery property and a good candidacy for both chemotherapy as well as light therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mohammad Mir
- Coordination, Bioinorganic and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, R.D. University, Jabalpur, M.P., India.
| | - N Jain
- Coordination, Bioinorganic and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, R.D. University, Jabalpur, M.P., India
| | - P S Jaget
- Coordination, Bioinorganic and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, R.D. University, Jabalpur, M.P., India
| | - R C Maurya
- Coordination, Bioinorganic and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, R.D. University, Jabalpur, M.P., India
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Serafim RAM, Pernichelle FG, Ferreira EI. The latest advances in the discovery of nitric oxide hybrid drug compounds. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:941-953. [PMID: 28664751 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1344400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a great interest in Nitric oxide (NO) within medicinal chemistry since it's involved in human signaling pathways. Prodrugs or hybrid compounds containing NO-donor scaffolds linked to an active compound are valuable, due to their potential for modulating many pathological conditions due to NO's biological properties when released in addition to the native drug. Compounds that selectively inhibit nitric oxide synthase isoforms (NOS) can also increase therapeutic capacity, particularly in the treatment of chronic diseases. However, search for bioactive compounds to efficiently and selectively modulate NO is still a challenge in drug discovery. Areas covered: In this review, the authors highlight the recent advances in the strategies used to discover NO-hybrid derivatives, especially those related to anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, anticancer and anti-microorganism activities. They also focus on: nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, NO delivery materials and other related activities. Expert opinion: The process of molecular hybridization can be used to obtain NO-releasing compounds that also interact with different targets. The main problem with this approach is to control NO multiple actions in the right biological system. However, the use of NO-releasing groups with many different scaffolds leads to new molecular structures for bioactive compounds, suggesting synergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A M Serafim
- a LAPEN: Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Chemotherapeutic Potentially Active against Neglected Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of São Paulo - FCF/USP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Filipe G Pernichelle
- a LAPEN: Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Chemotherapeutic Potentially Active against Neglected Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of São Paulo - FCF/USP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Elizabeth I Ferreira
- a LAPEN: Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Chemotherapeutic Potentially Active against Neglected Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of São Paulo - FCF/USP , São Paulo , Brazil
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Truzzi DR, Castellano EE, Franco DW. Synthesis, characterization, X-ray crystallography and stability in aqueous medium of trans-[Ru(CO)(NH3)4P(OH)3]2+. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Ruthenium is seldom mentioned in microbiology texts, due to the fact that this metal has no known, essential roles in biological systems, nor is it generally considered toxic. Since the fortuitous discovery of cisplatin, first as an antimicrobial agent and then later employed widely as an anticancer agent, complexes of other platinum group metals, such as ruthenium, have attracted interest for their medicinal properties. Here, we review at length how ruthenium complexes have been investigated as potential antimicrobial, antiparasitic and chemotherapeutic agents, in addition to their long and well-established roles as biological stains and inhibitors of calcium channels. Ruthenium complexes are also employed in a surprising number of biotechnological roles. It is in the employment of ruthenium complexes as antimicrobial agents and alternatives or adjuvants to more traditional antibiotics, that we expect to see the most striking developments in the future. Such novel contributions from organometallic chemistry are undoubtedly sorely needed to address the antimicrobial resistance crisis and the slow appearance on the market of new antibiotics.
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Makhinya AN, Il’in MA, Yamaletdinov RD, Baidina IA, Tkachev SV, Zubareva AP, Korol’kov IV, Piryazev DA. Synthesis, some properties, and crystalline modifications of fac-[Ru(NO)(Py)2Cl3]. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328416120046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Makhinya AN, Il’in MA, Yamaletdinov RD, Korolkov IV, Baidina IA. Synthesis and crystal structure of nitrosoruthenium complexes cis-[Ru(NO)Py2Cl2(OH)] and cis-[Ru(NO)Py2Cl2(H2O)]Cl. Photoinduced transformations of cis-[Ru(NO)Py2Cl2(OH)]. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02425d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized the novel complexes cis-[Ru(NO)Py2Cl2(OH)] and cis-[Ru(NO)Py2Cl2(H2O)]Cl that can be potential photoactive and bioactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Makhinya
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Russia
| | - Maxim A. Il’in
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Russia
| | | | - Ilya V. Korolkov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Russia
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da Silva RS, de Lima RG, de Paula Machado S. Design, Reactivity, and Biological Activity of Ruthenium Nitrosyl Complexes. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Truzzi DR, Franco DW. trans -[Ru(NO)(NH 3 )P(O − )(OEt) 2 ] 2+ : A new and robust NO/HNO-donor in aqueous media. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Nitro/nitrosyl-ruthenium complexes are potent and selective anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents causing autophagy and necrotic parasite death. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:6044-55. [PMID: 25092707 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02765-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
cis-[RuCl(NO2)(dppb)(5,5'-mebipy)] (complex 1), cis-[Ru(NO2)2(dppb)(5,5'-mebipy)] (complex 2), ct-[RuCl(NO)(dppb)(5,5'-mebipy)](PF6)2 (complex 3), and cc-[RuCl(NO)(dppb)(5,5'-mebipy)](PF6)2 (complex 4), where 5,5'-mebipy is 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine and dppb is 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, were synthesized and characterized. The structure of complex 2 was determined by X-ray crystallography. These complexes exhibited a higher anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity than benznidazole, the current antiparasitic drug. Complex 3 was the most potent, displaying a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 2.1 ± 0.6 μM against trypomastigotes and a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.3 ± 0.2 μM against amastigotes, while it displayed a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 51.4 ± 0.2 μM in macrophages. It was observed that the nitrosyl complex 3, but not its analog lacking the nitrosyl group, releases nitric oxide into parasite cells. This release has a diminished effect on the trypanosomal protease cruzain but induces substantial parasite autophagy, which is followed by a series of irreversible morphological impairments to the parasites and finally results in cell death by necrosis. In infected mice, orally administered complex 3 (five times at a dose of 75 μmol/kg of body weight) reduced blood parasitemia and increased the survival rate of the mice. Combination index analysis of complex 3 indicated that its in vitro activity against trypomastigotes is synergic with benznidazole. In addition, drug combination enhanced efficacy in infected mice, suggesting that ruthenium-nitrosyl complexes are potential constituents for drug combinations.
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Carneiro ZA, da S. Maia PI, Sesti-Costa R, Lopes CD, Pereira TA, Milanezi CM, da Silva MAP, Lopez RFV, Silva JS, Deflon VM. In vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activity of H2bdtc-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2847. [PMID: 24810753 PMCID: PMC4014426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The parasite Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, which remains a serious public health concern and continues to victimize thousands of people, primarily in the poorest regions of Latin America. In the search for new therapeutic drugs against T. cruzi, here we have evaluated both the in vitro and the in vivo activity of 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-phenyl-pyrazoline-1-(S-benzyl dithiocarbazate) (H2bdtc) as a free compound or encapsulated into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN); we compared the results with those achieved by using the currently employed drug, benznidazole. H2bdtc encapsulated into solid lipid nanoparticles (a) effectively reduced parasitemia in mice at concentrations 100 times lower than that normally employed for benznidazole (clinically applied at a concentration of 400 µmol kg(-1) day(-1)); (b) diminished inflammation and lesions of the liver and heart; and (c) resulted in 100% survival of mice infected with T. cruzi. Therefore, H2bdtc is a potent trypanocidal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zumira A. Carneiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro I. da S. Maia
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Sesti-Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla D. Lopes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana A. Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane M. Milanezi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. Pereira. da Silva
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro Universitário Central Paulista - UNICEP, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata F. V. Lopez
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João S. Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor M. Deflon
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Dralle Mjos
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Staurengo-Ferrari L, Mizokami SS, Silva JJ, da Silva FON, Sousa EHS, da França LG, Matuoka ML, Georgetti SR, Baracat MM, Casagrande R, Pavanelli WR, Verri WA. The ruthenium NO donor, [Ru(bpy)2(NO)SO3](PF6), inhibits inflammatory pain: involvement of TRPV1 and cGMP/PKG/ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 105:157-65. [PMID: 23470198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The activation of nitric oxide (NO) production is an analgesic mechanism shared by drugs such as morphine and diclofenac. Therefore, the controlled release of low amounts of NO seems to be a promising analgesic approach. In the present study, the antinociceptive effect of the ruthenium NO donor [Ru(bpy)2(NO)SO3](PF6) (complex I) was investigated. It was observed that complex I inhibited in a dose (0.3-10mg/kg)-dependent manner the acetic acid-induced writhing response. At the dose of 1mg/kg, complex I inhibited the phenyl-p-benzoquinone-induced writhing response and formalin- and complete Freund's adjuvant-induced licking and flinch responses. Additionally, complex I also inhibited transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1)-dependent overt pain-like behavior induced by capsaicin. Complex I also inhibited the carrageenin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and increase of myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) in paw skin samples. The inhibitory effect of complex I in the carrageenin-induced hyperalgesia, MPO activity and formalin was prevented by the treatment with ODQ, KT5823 and glybenclamide, indicating that complex I inhibits inflammatory hyperalgesia by activating the cGMP/PKG/ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway. The present study demonstrates the efficacy of a novel ruthenium NO donor and its analgesic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Staurengo-Ferrari
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, CEP 86051-990, Cx Postal 6001, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Chohan ZH, Hernandes MZ, Sensato FR, Moreira DRM, Pereira VRA, Neves JKDAL, de Oliveira AP, de Oliveira BC, Leite ACL. Sulfonamide-metal complexes endowed with potent anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013; 29:230-6. [PMID: 23432595 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2013.766608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we describe that mononuclear complexes composed of (5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)aminobenzenesulfonamides (L1-3) of general formula (L2(M)2H2O, where M is Co, Cu, Zn, Ni or Mn) reduced epimastigote proliferation and were found cidal for trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain. Complexes C5 and C11 have IC50 of 2.7 ± 0.27 and 4.8 ± 0.47 µM, respectively, for trypomastigotes, when the positive control Nifurtimox, which is also an approved drug for Chagas disease, showed IC50 of 2.7 ± 0.25 µM. We tested whether these complexes inhibit the enzyme T. cruzi trypanothione reductase or acting as DNA binders. While none of these complexes inhibited trypanothione reductase, we observed some degree of DNA binding, albeit less pronounced than observed for cisplatin in this assay. Unfortunately, most of these complexes were also toxic for mouse splenocytes. Along with the present studies, we discuss a number of interesting structure-activity relationships and chemical features for these metal complexes, including computational calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid H Chohan
- Department of Chemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Pakistan
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Abstract
Platforms able to storage, release or scavenge NO in a controlled and specific manner is interesting for biological applications. Among the possible matrices for these purposes, dendrimers are excellent candidates for that. These molecules have been used as drug delivery systems and exhibit interesting properties, like the possibility to perform chemical modifications on dendrimers surface, the capacity of storage high concentrations of compounds of interest in the same molecule and the ability to improve the solubility and the biocompatibility of the compounds bonded to it. This review emphasizes the recent progress in the development and in the biological applications of different NO-releasing dendrimers and the nitric oxide release pathways in these compounds.
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Gambino D, Otero L. Perspectives on what ruthenium-based compounds could offer in the development of potential antiparasitic drugs. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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de Oliveira OV, dos Santos JD, Freitas LC. Molecular dynamics simulation of the gGAPDH–NAD+complex fromTrypanosoma cruzi. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2012.696112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Osti RZ, Serrano FA, Paschoalin T, Massaoka MHS, Travassos LR, Truzzi DR, Rodrigues EG, Franco DW. The In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumour Activities of Nitrosyl Ruthenium Amine Complexes. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium compounds of the type trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(L)]X3, L = N-heterocyclic ligands, P(OEt)3, SO32–, X = BF4– or PF6–, or [Ru(NO)Hedta], were tested for antitumour activity in vitro against murine melanoma and human tumour cells. The ruthenium complexes induced DNA fragmentation and morphological alterations suggestive of necrotic tumour cell death. The calculated IC50 values were lower than 100 μM. Complexes for which L = isn or imN were partially effective in vivo in a syngeneic model of murine melanoma B16F10, increasing animal survival. In addition, the same ruthenium complexes effectively inhibited angiogenesis of HUVEC cells in vitro. The results suggest that these nitrosyl complexes are a promising platform to be explored for the development of novel antitumour agents.
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Tfouni E, Truzzi DR, Tavares A, Gomes AJ, Figueiredo LE, Franco DW. Biological activity of ruthenium nitrosyl complexes. Nitric Oxide 2012; 26:38-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Experimental chemotherapy in paracoccidioidomycosis using ruthenium NO donor. Mycopathologia 2011; 172:95-107. [PMID: 21437728 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-011-9416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a granulomatous disease caused by a dimorphic fungus, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb). To determine the influence of nitric oxide (NO) on this disease, we tested cis-[Ru(bpy)2(NO)SO3](PF6), ruthenium nitrosyl, which releases NO when activated by biological reducing agents, in BALB/c mice infected intravenously with Pb 18 isolate. In a previous study by our group, the fungicidal activity of ruthenium nitrosyl was evaluated in a mouse model of acute PCM, by measuring the immune cellular response (DTH), histopathological characteristics of the granulomatous lesions (and numbers), cytokines, and NO production. We found that cis-[Ru(bpy)2(NO)SO3](PF6)-treated mice were more resistant to infection, since they exhibited higher survival when compared with the control group. Furthermore, we observed a decreased influx of inflammatory cells in the lung and liver tissue of treated mice, possibly because of a minor reduction in fungal cell numbers. Moreover, an increased production of IL-10 and a decrease in TNF-α levels were detected in lung tissues of infected mice treated with cis-[Ru(bpy)2(NO)SO3](PF6). Immunohistochemistry showed that there was no difference in the number of VEGF- expressing cells. The animals treated with cis-[Ru(bpy)2(NO)SO3](PF6) showed high NO levels at 40 days after infection. These results show that NO is effectively involved in the mechanism that regulates the immune response in lung of Pb-infected mice. These data suggest that NO is a resistance factor during paracoccidioidomycosis by controlling fungal proliferation, influencing cytokine production, and consequently moderating the development of a strong inflammatory response.
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Doro FG, Pepe IM, Galembeck SE, Carlos RM, da Rocha ZN, Bertotti M, Tfouni E. Reactivity, photolability, and computational studies of the ruthenium nitrosyl complex with a substituted cyclam fac-[Ru(NO)Cl2(κ3N4,N8,N11(1-carboxypropyl)cyclam)]Cl·H2O. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:6420-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01541e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Truzzi DR, Ferreira AG, da Silva SC, Castellano EE, Chagas Alves Lima FD, Franco DW. Nitrosyl induces phosphorous-acid dissociation in ruthenium(ii). Dalton Trans 2011; 40:12917-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10936g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Maia PIDS, Fernandes AGDA, Silva JJN, Andricopulo AD, Lemos SS, Lang ES, Abram U, Deflon VM. Dithiocarbazate complexes with the [M(PPh3)]2+ (M═Pd or Pt) moiety. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:1276-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Matsuo AL, Silva LS, Torrecilhas AC, Pascoalino BS, Ramos TC, Rodrigues EG, Schenkman S, Caires ACF, Travassos LR. In vitro and in vivo trypanocidal effects of the cyclopalladated compound 7a, a drug candidate for treatment of Chagas' disease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:3318-25. [PMID: 20479201 PMCID: PMC2916297 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00323-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas' disease, a neglected tropical infection, affects about 18 million people, and 100 million are at risk. The only drug available, benznidazole, is effective in the acute form and in the early chronic form, but its efficacy and tolerance are inversely related to the age of the patients. Side effects are frequent in elderly patients. The search for new drugs is thus warranted. In the present study we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo effect of a cyclopalladated compound (7a) against Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas' disease. The 7a compound inhibits trypomastigote cell invasion, decreases intracellular amastigote proliferation, and is very effective as a trypanocidal drug in vivo, even at very low dosages. It was 340-fold more cytotoxic to parasites than to mammalian cells and was more effective than benznidazole in all in vitro and in vivo experiments. The 7a cyclopalladate complex exerts an apoptosis-like death in T. cruzi trypomastigote forms and causes mitochondrion disruption seen by electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson L Matsuo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil.
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Pereira JCM, Carregaro V, Costa DL, da Silva JS, Cunha FQ, Franco DW. Antileishmanial activity of ruthenium(II)tetraammine nitrosyl complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:4180-7. [PMID: 20598778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The complexes trans-[Ru(NO)(NH(3))(4)L](X)(3) (X = BF(4)(-), PF(6)(-) or Cl(-) and L = N-heterocyclic ligands, P(OEt)(3), SO(3)(-2)), and [Ru(NO)Hedta)] were shown to exhibit IC(50pro) in the range of 36 (L = imN) to 5000 microM (L = imC). The inhibitory effects of trans-[Ru(NO)(NH(3))(4)imN](BF(4))(3) and of the Angeli's salt on the growth of the intramacrophage amastigote form studied were found to be similar while the trans-[Ru(NH(3))(4)imN(H(2)O)](2+) complex was found not to exhibit any substantial antiamastigote effect. The trans-[Ru(NO)(NH(3))(4)imN](BF(4))(3) compound, administered (500 nmol kg(-1) day(-1)) in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major, was found to exhibit a 98% inhibition on the parasite growth. Furthermore, this complex proved to be at least 66 times more efficient than glucantime in in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Clayston Melo Pereira
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, Instituto de Química de São Carlos-Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Cerecetto H, González M. Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry in Chagas' Disease: Compounds at The Final Stage of "Hit-To-Lead" Phase. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:810-838. [PMID: 27713281 PMCID: PMC4034012 DOI: 10.3390/ph3040810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas' disease, or American trypanosomosiasis, has been the most relevant illness produced by protozoa in Latin America. Synthetic medicinal chemistry efforts have provided an extensive number of chemodiverse hits at the "active-to-hit" stage. However, only a more limited number of these have been studied in vivo in models of Chagas' disease. Herein, we survey some of the cantidates able to surpass the "hit-to-lead" stage discussing their limitations or merit to enter in clinical trials in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Cerecetto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Mercedes González
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Química Biológica-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
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Gutierrez FRS, Mineo TWP, Pavanelli WR, Guedes PMM, Silva JS. The effects of nitric oxide on the immune system during Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 104 Suppl 1:236-45. [PMID: 19753479 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762009000900030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi infection triggers substantial production of nitric oxide (NO), which has been shown to have protective and toxic effects on the host's immune system. Sensing of trypomastigotes by phagocytes activates the inducible NO-synthase (NOS2) pathway, which produces NO and is largely responsible for macrophage-mediated killing of T. cruzi. NO is also responsible for modulating virtually all steps of innate and adaptive immunity. However, NO can also cause oxidative stress, which is especially damaging to the host due to increased tissue damage. The cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, as well as chemokines, are strong inducers of NOS2 and are produced in large amounts during T. cruzi acute infection. Conversely, TGF-beta and IL-10 negatively regulate NO production. Here we discuss the recent evidence describing the mechanisms by which NO is able to exert its antimicrobial and immune regulatory effects, the mechanisms involved in the oxidative stress response during infection and the implications of NO for the development of therapeutic strategies against T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy R S Gutierrez
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Nitric oxide donor trans-[RuCl([15]aneN)NO] as a possible therapeutic approach for Chagas' disease. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:270-82. [PMID: 20128813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Benznidazole (Bz) is the therapy currently available for clinical treatment of Chagas' disease. However, many strains of Trypanosoma cruzi parasites are naturally resistant. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by activated macrophages is crucial to the intracellular killing of parasites. Here, we investigate the in vitro and in vivo activities against T. cruzi, of the NO donor, trans-[RuCl([15]aneN(4))NO](2+). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Trans-[RuCl([15]aneN(4))NO](2+)was incubated with a partially drug-resistant T. cruzi Y strain and the anti-proliferative (epimastigote form) and trypanocidal activities (trypomastigote and amastigote) evaluated. Mice were treated during the acute phase of Chagas' disease. The anti-T. cruzi activity was evaluated by parasitaemia, survival rate, cardiac parasitism, myocarditis and the curative rate. KEY RESULTS Trans-[RuCl([15]aneN(4))NO](2+) was 10- and 100-fold more active than Bz against amastigotes and trypomastigotes respectively. Further, trans-[RuCl([15]aneN(4))NO](2+) (0.1 mM) induced 100% of trypanocidal activity (trypomastigotes forms) in vitro. Trans-[RuCl([15]aneN(4))NO](2+) induced permanent suppression of parasitaemia and 100% survival in a murine model of acute Chagas' disease. When the drugs were given alone, parasitological cures were confirmed in only 30 and 40% of the animals treated with the NO donor (3.33 micromol.kg(-1).day(-1)) and Bz (385 micromol.kg(-1).day(-1)), respectively, but when given together, 80% of the animals were parasitologically cured. The cured animals showed an absence of myocarditis and a normalisation of cytokine production in the sera. In addition, no in vitro toxicity was observed at the tested doses. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings indicate that trans-[RuCl([15]aneN(4))NO](2+)is a promising lead compound for the treatment of human Chagas' disease.
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Novel ruthenium complexes as potential drugs for Chagas's disease: enzyme inhibition and in vitro/in vivo trypanocidal activity. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:260-9. [PMID: 20105182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The discovery of the pharmacological functions of nitric oxide has led to the development of NO donor compounds as therapeutic agents. A new generation of ruthenium NO donors, cis-[Ru(NO)(bpy)(2)L]X(n), has been developed, and our aim was to show that these complexes are able to lyse Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH NO donors were incubated with T. cruzi and their anti-T. cruzi activities evaluated as the percentage of lysed parasites compared to the negative control. In vivo, trypanocidal activity was evaluated by observing the levels of parasitaemia, survival rate and elimination of amastigotes in mouse myocardial tissue. The inhibition of GAPDH was monitored by the biochemical reduction of NAD(+) to NADH. KEY RESULTS The NO donors cis-[Ru(NO)(bpy)(2)L]X(n) presented inhibitory effects on T. cruzi GAPDH (IC(50) ranging from 89 to 153 microM). The crystal structure of the enzyme shows that the inhibitory mechanism is compatible with S-nitrosylation of the active cysteine (cys166) site. Compounds cis-[Ru(NO)(bpy)(2)imN](PF(6))(3) and cis-[Ru(NO)(bpy)(2)SO(3)]PF(6), at a dose of 385 nmol.kg(-1), yielded survival rates of 80 and 60%, respectively, in infected mice, and eradicated any amastigotes from their myocardial tissue. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The ruthenium compounds exhibited potent in vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activities at doses up to 1000-fold lower than the clinical dose for benznidazole. Furthermore, one mechanism of action of these compounds is via the S-nitrosylation of Cys166 of T. cruzi GAPDH. Thus, these compounds show huge potential as candidates for the development of new drugs for the treatment of Chagas's disease.
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Haas KL, Franz KJ. Application of metal coordination chemistry to explore and manipulate cell biology. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4921-60. [PMID: 19715312 PMCID: PMC2761982 DOI: 10.1021/cr900134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Haas
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, USA
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Experimental chemotherapy against Trypanosoma cruzi infection using ruthenium nitric oxide donors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:4414-21. [PMID: 19581464 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00104-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ruthenium NO donors of the group trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4L]n+, where the ligand (L) is N-heterocyclic H2O, SO(3)(2-), or triethyl phosphite, are able to lyse Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and in vivo. Using half-maximal (50%) inhibitory concentrations against bloodstream trypomastigotes (IC50try) and cytotoxicity data on mammalian V-79 cells (IC50V79), the in vitro therapeutic indices (TIs) (IC50V79/IC50try) for these compounds were calculated. Compounds that exhibited an in vitro TI of > or = 10 and trypanocidal activity against both epimastigotes and trypomastigotes with an IC50(try/epi) of < or = 100 microM were assayed in a mouse model for acute Chagas' disease, using two different routes (intraperitoneal and oral) for drug administration. A dose-effect relationship was observed, and from that, the ideal dose of 400 nmol/kg of body weight for both trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4isn](BF4)3 (isn, isonicotinamide) and trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4imN](BF4)3 (imN, imidazole) and median (50%) effective doses (ED50) of 86 and 190 nmol/kg, respectively, were then calculated. Since the 50% lethal doses (LD50) for both compounds are higher than 125 micromol/kg, the in vivo TIs (LD50/ED50) of the compounds are 1,453 for trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4isn](BF4)3 and 658 for trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4imN](BF4)3. Although these compounds exhibit a marked trypanocidal activity and are able to react with cysteine, they exhibit very low activity in T. cruzi-glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase tests, suggesting that this enzyme is not their target. The trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4isn](BF4)3 and trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4imN](BF4)3 compounds are able to eliminate amastigote nests in myocardium tissue at 400-nmol/kg doses and ensure the survival of all infected mice, thus opening a novel set of therapies to try against trypanosomatids.
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Ruthenium complexes endowed with potent anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity: Synthesis, biological characterization and structure–activity relationships. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5038-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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