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Stegelmeier AA, Santry LA, Guilleman MM, Matuszewska K, Minott JA, Yates JGE, Stevens BAY, Thomas SP, Vanderkamp S, Hanada K, Pei Y, Rghei AD, van Vloten JP, Pereira M, Thompson B, Major PP, Petrik JJ, Bridle BW, Wootton SK. AAV-Vectored Expression of the Vascular Normalizing Agents 3TSR and Fc3TSR, and the Anti-Angiogenic Bevacizumab Extends Survival in a Murine Model of End-Stage Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020362. [PMID: 35203573 PMCID: PMC8962366 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological malignancy. The lack of effective treatments highlights the need for novel therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sustained adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated expression of vascular normalizing agents 3TSR and Fc3TSR and the antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody, Bevacizumab, with or without oncolytic virus treatment would improve survival in an orthotopic syngeneic mouse model of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. AAV vectors were administered 40 days post-tumor implantation and combined with oncolytic avian orthoavulavirus-1 (AOaV-1) 20 days later, at the peak of AAV-transgene expression, to ascertain whether survival could be extended. Flow cytometry conducted on blood samples, taken at an acute time point post-AOaV-1 administration (36 h), revealed a significant increase in activated NK cells in the blood of all mice that received AOaV-1. T cell analysis revealed a significant increase in CD8+ tumor specific T cells in the blood of AAV-Bevacizumab+AOaV-1 treated mice compared to control mice 10 days post AOaV-1 administration. Immunohistochemical staining of primary tumors harvested from a subset of mice euthanized 90 days post tumor implantation, when mice typically have large primary tumors, secondary peritoneal lesions, and extensive ascites fluid production, revealed that AAV-3TSR, AAV-Fc3TSR+AOaV-1, or AAV-Bevacizumab+AOaV-1 treated mice had significantly more tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells than PBS controls. Despite AAV-mediated transgene expression waning faster in tumor-bearing mice than in non-tumor bearing mice, all three of the AAV therapies significantly extended survival compared to control mice; with AAV-Bevacizumab performing the best in this model. However, combining AAV therapies with a single dose of AOaV-1 did not lead to significant extensions in survival compared to AAV therapies on their own, suggesting that additional doses of AOaV-1 may be required to improve efficacy in this model. These results suggest that vectorizing anti-angiogenic and vascular normalizing agents is a viable therapeutic option that warrants further investigation, including optimizing combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A. Stegelmeier
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.A.S.); (L.A.S.); (M.M.G.); (J.A.M.); (J.G.E.Y.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (S.V.); (K.H.); (Y.P.); (A.D.R.); (J.P.v.V.); (B.W.B.)
| | - Lisa A. Santry
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.A.S.); (L.A.S.); (M.M.G.); (J.A.M.); (J.G.E.Y.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (S.V.); (K.H.); (Y.P.); (A.D.R.); (J.P.v.V.); (B.W.B.)
| | - Matthew M. Guilleman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.A.S.); (L.A.S.); (M.M.G.); (J.A.M.); (J.G.E.Y.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (S.V.); (K.H.); (Y.P.); (A.D.R.); (J.P.v.V.); (B.W.B.)
| | - Kathy Matuszewska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (K.M.); (M.P.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Jessica A. Minott
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.A.S.); (L.A.S.); (M.M.G.); (J.A.M.); (J.G.E.Y.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (S.V.); (K.H.); (Y.P.); (A.D.R.); (J.P.v.V.); (B.W.B.)
| | - Jacob G. E. Yates
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.A.S.); (L.A.S.); (M.M.G.); (J.A.M.); (J.G.E.Y.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (S.V.); (K.H.); (Y.P.); (A.D.R.); (J.P.v.V.); (B.W.B.)
| | - Brenna A. Y. Stevens
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.A.S.); (L.A.S.); (M.M.G.); (J.A.M.); (J.G.E.Y.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (S.V.); (K.H.); (Y.P.); (A.D.R.); (J.P.v.V.); (B.W.B.)
| | - Sylvia P. Thomas
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.A.S.); (L.A.S.); (M.M.G.); (J.A.M.); (J.G.E.Y.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (S.V.); (K.H.); (Y.P.); (A.D.R.); (J.P.v.V.); (B.W.B.)
| | - Sierra Vanderkamp
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.A.S.); (L.A.S.); (M.M.G.); (J.A.M.); (J.G.E.Y.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (S.V.); (K.H.); (Y.P.); (A.D.R.); (J.P.v.V.); (B.W.B.)
| | - Kiersten Hanada
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.A.S.); (L.A.S.); (M.M.G.); (J.A.M.); (J.G.E.Y.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (S.V.); (K.H.); (Y.P.); (A.D.R.); (J.P.v.V.); (B.W.B.)
| | - Yanlong Pei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.A.S.); (L.A.S.); (M.M.G.); (J.A.M.); (J.G.E.Y.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (S.V.); (K.H.); (Y.P.); (A.D.R.); (J.P.v.V.); (B.W.B.)
| | - Amira D. Rghei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.A.S.); (L.A.S.); (M.M.G.); (J.A.M.); (J.G.E.Y.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (S.V.); (K.H.); (Y.P.); (A.D.R.); (J.P.v.V.); (B.W.B.)
| | - Jacob P. van Vloten
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.A.S.); (L.A.S.); (M.M.G.); (J.A.M.); (J.G.E.Y.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (S.V.); (K.H.); (Y.P.); (A.D.R.); (J.P.v.V.); (B.W.B.)
| | - Madison Pereira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (K.M.); (M.P.); (J.J.P.)
| | | | - Pierre P. Major
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada;
| | - James J. Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (K.M.); (M.P.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.A.S.); (L.A.S.); (M.M.G.); (J.A.M.); (J.G.E.Y.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (S.V.); (K.H.); (Y.P.); (A.D.R.); (J.P.v.V.); (B.W.B.)
| | - Sarah K. Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.A.S.); (L.A.S.); (M.M.G.); (J.A.M.); (J.G.E.Y.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (S.V.); (K.H.); (Y.P.); (A.D.R.); (J.P.v.V.); (B.W.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-824-4210 (ext. 54729)
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Matuszewska K, Ten Kortenaar S, Pereira M, Santry LA, Petrik D, Lo KM, Bridle BW, Wootton SK, Lawler J, Petrik J. Addition of an Fc-IgG induces receptor clustering and increases the in vitro efficacy and in vivo anti-tumor properties of the thrombospondin-1 type I repeats (3TSR) in a mouse model of advanced stage ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 164:154-169. [PMID: 34799137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor vasculature is structurally abnormal, with anatomical deformities, reduced pericyte coverage and low tissue perfusion. As a result of this vascular dysfunction, tumors are often hypoxic, which is associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype, and reduced delivery of therapeutic compounds to the tumor. We have previously shown that a peptide containing the thrombospondin-1 type I repeats (3TSR) specifically targets tumor vessels and induces vascular normalization in a mouse model of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, due to its small size, 3TSR is rapidly cleared from circulation. We now introduce a novel construct with the 3TSR peptide fused to the C-terminus of each of the two heavy chains of the Fc region of human IgG1 (Fc3TSR). We hypothesize that Fc3TSR will have greater anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo compared to the native compound. METHODS Fc3TSR was evaluated in vitro using proliferation and apoptosis assays to investigate differences in efficacy compared to native 3TSR. In light of the multivalency of Fc3TSR, we also investigate whether it induces greater clustering of its functional receptor, CD36. We also compare the compounds in vivo using an orthotopic, syngeneic mouse model of advanced stage EOC. The impact of the two compounds on changes to tumor vasculature morphology was also investigated. RESULTS Fc3TSR significantly decreased the viability and proliferative potential of EOC cells and endothelial cells in vitro compared to native 3TSR. High-resolution imaging followed by image correlation spectroscopy demonstrated enhanced clustering of the CD36 receptor in cells treated with Fc3TSR. This was associated with enhanced downstream signaling and greater in vitro and in vivo cellular responses. Fc3TSR induced greater vascular normalization and disease regression compared to native 3TSR in an orthotopic, syngeneic mouse model of advanced stage ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION The development of Fc3TSR which is greater in size, stable in circulation and enhances receptor activation compared to 3TSR, facilitates its translational potential as a therapy in the treatment of metastatic advanced stage ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Matuszewska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, United States of America
| | - Simone Ten Kortenaar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, United States of America
| | - Madison Pereira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, United States of America
| | - Lisa A Santry
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, United States of America
| | - Duncan Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, United States of America
| | - Kin-Ming Lo
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Billerica, MA, United States of America
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, United States of America
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, United States of America
| | - Jack Lawler
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jim Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, United States of America.
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Cell-specific gene therapy driven by an optimized hypoxia-regulated vector reduces choroidal neovascularization. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:1107-1118. [PMID: 30105447 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant growth of blood vessels in the choroid layer of the eye, termed choroidal neovascularization (CNV), is the pathological hallmark of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), causing irreversible blindness among the elderly. Co-localization of proangiogenic factors and hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) in neovascular membranes from AMD eyes suggests the role of hypoxia in pathogenesis of CNV. In order to utilize hypoxic conditions in RPE for therapeutic purposes, we developed an optimized hypoxia regulated, RPE cell-specific gene therapy to inhibit choroidal neovascularization. An adeno-associated virus (AAV2) vector comprising a RPE-specific promoter and HIF-1 response elements (HRE) was designed to regulate production of human endostatin (a powerful angiostatic protein) in RPE. The vector was tested in a mouse model of laser-induced CNV using subretinal delivery. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images from live mice and confocal images from lectin stained RPE flat mount sections demonstrated reduction in CNV areas by 80% compared to untreated eyes. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) confirmed exogenous endostatin mRNA expression from the regulated vector that was significantly elevated 3, 7, and 14 days following laser treatment, but its expression was completely shut off after 45 days. Thus, RPE-specific, hypoxia-regulated delivery of anti-angiogenic proteins could be a valuable therapeutic approach to treat neovascular AMD at the time and in the ocular space where it arises. KEY POINTS An optimized gene therapy vector targeting hypoxia and tissue-specific expression has been designed. The inhibitory role of gene therapy vector was tested in a mouse model of laser-induced CNV. An 80% reduction in choroidal neovascularization was achieved by the optimized vector. The expression of endostatin was limited to retinal pigment epithelium and regulated by hypoxia.
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Goey AKL, Chau CH, Sissung TM, Cook KM, Venzon DJ, Castro A, Ransom TR, Henrich CJ, McKee TC, McMahon JB, Grkovic T, Cadelis MM, Copp BR, Gustafson KR, Figg WD. Screening and Biological Effects of Marine Pyrroloiminoquinone Alkaloids: Potential Inhibitors of the HIF-1α/p300 Interaction. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1267-75. [PMID: 27140429 PMCID: PMC6323635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) pathway by disrupting its association with the transcriptional coactivator p300 inhibits angiogenesis and tumor development. Development of HIF-1α/p300 inhibitors has been hampered by preclinical toxicity; therefore, we aimed to identify novel HIF-1α/p300 inhibitors. Using a cell-free assay designed to test compounds that block HIF-1α/p300 binding, 170 298 crude natural product extracts and prefractionated samples were screened, identifying 25 active extracts. One of these extracts, originating from the marine sponge Latrunculia sp., afforded six pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids that were identified as positive hits (IC50 values: 1-35 μM). Luciferase assays confirmed inhibition of HIF-1α transcriptional activity by discorhabdin B (1) and its dimer (2), 3-dihydrodiscorhabdin C (3), makaluvamine F (5), discorhabdin H (8), discorhabdin L (9), and discorhabdin W (11) in HCT 116 colon cancer cells (0.1-10 μM, p < 0.05). Except for 11, all of these compounds also reduced HIF-1α transcriptional activity in LNCaP prostate cancer cells (0.1-10 μM, p < 0.05). These effects occurred at noncytotoxic concentrations (<50% cell death) under hypoxic conditions. At the downstream HIF-1α target level, compound 8 (0.5 μM) significantly decreased VEGF secretion in LNCaP cells (p < 0.05). In COLO 205 colon cancer cells no activity was shown in the luciferase or cytotoxicity assays. Pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids are a novel class of HIF-1α inhibitors, which interrupt the protein-protein interaction between HIF-1α and p300 and consequently reduce HIF-related transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K. L. Goey
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Cindy H. Chau
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Tristan M. Sissung
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kristina M. Cook
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - David J. Venzon
- Biostatistics & Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Amaya Castro
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Tanya R. Ransom
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Curtis J. Henrich
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Tawnya C. McKee
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - James B. McMahon
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Tanja Grkovic
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Melissa M. Cadelis
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Brent R. Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kirk R. Gustafson
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - William D. Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Parris GE. A Hypothesis Concerning the Biphasic Dose-response of Tumors to Angiostatin and Endostatin. Dose Response 2015; 13:10.2203_dose-response.14-020.Parris. [PMID: 26675544 PMCID: PMC4674172 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.14-020.parris] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript proposes a hypothesis to explain the U-shaped dose-response observed for angiostatin and other high-molecular-weight drugs in various anti-cancer bio-assays. The dose-response curves for angiostatin and endostatin (measured as suppression of tumor growth) go through an optimum (i.e., minimum tumor growth) and then becomes less effective at higher doses. The literature suggests that at lower doses the primary action of these high-molecular-weight drugs is to counteract the angiogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To do this, the drugs must pass out of the blood vessel and enter the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) where VEGF induces the growth and fusion of tip cells. Ironically, VEGF actually facilitates access of the drugs to the ECM by making the vascular endothelium leaky. At higher doses, the high-molecular-weight drugs seem to reverse VEGF-induced permeability of the endothelium. Thus, at high dose rates, it is hypothesized that the drugs are not able to enter the ECM and block the angiogenic effects of VEGF there. As a result, high doses of the drugs do not suppress vascularization of the tumor or tumor growth. Moreover, if the permeability of the vessels is suppressed, the VEGF released by the stroma is concentrated in the ECM where it amplifies the angiogenic activity around the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Parris
- Montgomery College, Department of Chemistry, Rockville, MD, USA
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Endostatin induces proliferation of oral carcinoma cells but its effect on invasion is modified by the tumor microenvironment. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:130-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chamani R, Asghari SM, Alizadeh AM, Eskandari S, Mansouri K, Khodarahmi R, Taghdir M, Heidari Z, Gorji A, Aliakbar A, Ranjbar B, Khajeh K. Engineering of a disulfide loop instead of a Zn binding loop restores the anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities of the N-terminal fragment of endostatin: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 72:73-82. [PMID: 26187352 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable effort has been devoted to understanding the molecular mechanism of endostatin's anti-cancer activity, the role of its Zn bound N-terminal loop has not been completely clarified. To investigate whether Zn binding or the N-terminal loop is involved in the anti-cancer properties of endostatin, we compared the structure and biological activity of a native Zn binding endostatin peptide (ES-Zn) with three variants: a Zn free variant (ES), a variant containing both a Zn binding site and a disulfide bond (ES-SSZn), and a variant including a disulfide loop but incapable of Zn binding (ES-SS). Spectroscopic studies indicated that ES-Zn and ES-SS consist of random coil and β structures, whereas ES-SSZn and ES fold into random coils. Theoretical analysis proposed that ES-Zn and ES-SS have a similar binding site to αVβ3 integrin. The anti-proliferative activity of endostatin was retained by all peptides except ES, and the in vitro anti-angiogenic property was preserved in ES-Zn and ES-SS. Remarkably, breast tumor growth and CD31 activity were inhibited more effectively by ES-SS than by ES-Zn. Therefore, a correlation exists between the N-terminal loop and anti-cancer properties of endostatin fragment and a disulfide loop may be more promising than a Zn binding loop for inhibiting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhane Chamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - S Mohsen Asghari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | | | - Sedigheh Eskandari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Majid Taghdir
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alireza Aliakbar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Bijan Ranjbar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Serum endostatin levels are elevated in colorectal cancer and correlate with invasion and systemic inflammatory markers. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1605-13. [PMID: 25137019 PMCID: PMC4200096 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endostatin, a fragment of collagen XVIII, is an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor with anti-tumour functions. However, elevated circulating endostatin concentrations have been found in several human cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Serum endostatin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay from a series of 143 patients with CRC and from 84 controls, and correlated with detailed clinicopathological features of CRC, serum leukocyte differential count and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Results: Patients with CRC had higher serum endostatin levels than the controls (P=0.005), and high levels associated with age, tumour invasion through the muscularis propria and poor differentiation, but not with metastases. Endostatin levels showed a positive correlation with the markers of systemic inflammatory response and a negative correlation with the densities of tumour-infiltrating mast cells and dendritic cells. Collagen XVIII was expressed in tumour stroma most strikingly in blood vessels and capillaries, and in the muscle layer of the bowel wall. Conclusions: Elevated endostatin levels in CRC correlate with systemic inflammation and invasion through the muscularis propria. Increased endostatin level may be a result of invasion-related cleavage of collagen XVIII expressed in the bowel wall. The negative correlations between serum endostatin and intratumoural mast cells and immature dendritic cells may reflect angiogenesis inhibition by endostatin.
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Dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 and soluble epoxide hydrolase synergistically suppresses primary tumor growth and metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:11127-32. [PMID: 25024195 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410432111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins derived from the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) from the cytochrome P450/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) pathway are important eicosanoids that regulate angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. COX-2 inhibitors, which block the formation of prostaglandins, suppress tumor growth, whereas sEH inhibitors, which increase endogenous EETs, stimulate primary tumor growth and metastasis. However, the functional interactions of these two pathways in cancer are unknown. Using pharmacological inhibitors as probes, we show here that dual inhibition of COX-2 and sEH synergistically inhibits primary tumor growth and metastasis by suppressing tumor angiogenesis. COX-2/sEH dual pharmacological inhibitors also potently suppress primary tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis via selective inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation. These results demonstrate a critical interaction of these two lipid metabolism pathways on tumorigenesis and suggest dual inhibition of COX-2 and sEH as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy.
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New Medical/Biologic Paradigms in the Treatment of Bone Tumors. CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-014-0055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Parker M, Bellec J, McFarland T, Scripps V, Appukuttan B, Hartzell M, Yeager A, Hady T, Mitrophanous KA, Stout T, Ellis S. Suppression of Neovascularization of Donor Corneas by Transduction with Equine Infectious Anemia Virus-Based Lentiviral Vectors Expressing Endostatin and Angiostatin. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:408-18. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Parker
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Jessica Bellec
- Oxford BioMedica (UK) Ltd., Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GA, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor McFarland
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Vicky Scripps
- Oxford BioMedica (UK) Ltd., Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GA, United Kingdom
| | - Binoy Appukuttan
- Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Matt Hartzell
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Austen Yeager
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Thomas Hady
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | | | - Tim Stout
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Scott Ellis
- Oxford BioMedica (UK) Ltd., Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GA, United Kingdom
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12
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Chen K, Wu D, Bai Y, Zhu X, Chen Z, Wang C, Zhao Y, Li M. Fuzzy clustering analysis of osteosarcoma related genes. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 20:535-9. [PMID: 24293382 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone-tumor with a peak manifestation during the second and third decade of life. In order to explore the influence of genetic factors on the mechanism of osteosarcoma by analyzing the inter relationship between osteosarcoma and its related genes, and then provide potential genetic references for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma, we collected osteosarcoma related gene sequences in Genebank of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and local alignment analysis for a pair of sequences was carried out to identify the measurement association among related sequences. Then fuzzy clustering method was used for clustering analysis so as to contact the unknown genes through the consistent osteosarcoma related genes in one class. From the result of fuzzy clustering analysis, we could classify the osteosarcoma related genes into two groups and deduced that the genes clustered into one group had similar function. Based on this knowledge, we found more genes related to the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma and these genes could exert similar function as Runx2, a risk factor confirmed in osteosarcoma, this study may help better understand the genetic mechanism and provide new molecular markers and therapies for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
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13
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Burgess JK, Weckmann M. Matrikines and the lungs. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 134:317-37. [PMID: 22366287 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a complex network of fibrous and nonfibrous molecules that not only provide structure to the lung but also interact with and regulate the behaviour of the cells which it surrounds. Recently it has been recognised that components of the extracellular matrix proteins are released, often through the action of endogenous proteases, and these fragments are termed matrikines. Matrikines have biological activities, independent of their role within the extracellular matrix structure, which may play important roles in the lung in health and disease pathology. Integrins are the primary cell surface receptors, characterised to date, which are used by the matrikines to exert their effects on cells. However, evidence is emerging for the need for co-factors and other receptors for the matrikines to exert their effects on cells. The potential for matrikines, and peptides derived from these extracellular matrix protein fragments, as therapeutic agents has recently been recognised. The natural role of these matrikines (including inhibitors of angiogenesis and possibly inflammation) make them ideal targets to mimic as therapies. A number of these peptides have been taken forward into clinical trials. The focus of this review will be to summarise our current understanding of the role, and potential for highly relevant actions, of matrikines in lung health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette K Burgess
- Cell Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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14
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Jenkins S, Wang J, Eltoum I, Desmond R, Lamartiniere CA. Chronic oral exposure to bisphenol A results in a nonmonotonic dose response in mammary carcinogenesis and metastasis in MMTV-erbB2 mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:1604-9. [PMID: 21988766 PMCID: PMC3226508 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic compound used to produce plastics and epoxy resins. BPA can leach from these products in appreciable amounts, resulting in nearly ubiquitous daily exposure to humans. Whether BPA is harmful to humans, especially when administered orally in concentrations relevant to humans, is a topic of debate. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the role of chronic oral exposure to BPA during adulthood on mammary carcinogenesis by using a transgenic mouse model that spontaneously develops tumors through overexpression of wild-type erbB2 [mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-erbB2]. METHODS MMTV-erbB2 mice were exposed to 0, 2.5, 25, 250, or 2,500 µg BPA/L drinking water from 56 until 112 days of age (for mechanism of action) or 252 days of age (for tumorigenesis). Cellular and molecular mechanisms of BPA action in the mammary gland were investigated via immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. RESULTS Only low doses of BPA significantly decreased tumor latency and increased tumor multiplicity, tumor burden, and the incidence of metastasis. All BPA doses significantly increased the cell proliferation index, but only the higher doses also increased the apoptotic index in the mammary gland. At the molecular level, 25 µg BPA/L, but not 2,500 µg BPA/L, increased phosphorylation of erbB2, erbB3, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, and Akt in the mammary gland. DISCUSSION Low, but not high, BPA doses significantly accelerated mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis in MMTV-erbB2 mice. The combined ratio of cell proliferation and apoptosis indices and alterations in protein expression best predicted the ability of each dose of BPA to alter tumorigenesis in this model.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzhydryl Compounds
- Carcinogens, Environmental/administration & dosage
- Carcinogens, Environmental/toxicity
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Phenols/administration & dosage
- Phenols/toxicity
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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15
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Grossman R, Tyler B, Hwang L, Zadnik P, Lal B, Javaherian K, Brem H. Improvement in the standard treatment for experimental glioma by fusing antibody Fc domain to endostatin. J Neurosurg 2011; 115:1139-46. [PMID: 21923243 DOI: 10.3171/2011.8.jns11125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Brain tumors pose many unique challenges to treatment. The authors hypothesized that Fc-endostatin may be beneficial. It is a newly synthesized recombinant human endostatin conjugated to the Fc domain of IgG with a long half-life (weeks) and unknown toxicity. The authors examined the efficacy of Fc-endostatin using various delivery methods. METHODS Efficacy was assessed using the intracranial 9L gliosarcoma rat model treated with Fc-endostatin for use in rodents (mFc-endostatin), which was administered either systemically or locally via different delivery methods. Oral temozolomide (TMZ) was administered in combination with mFc-endostatin to determine if there was a beneficial synergistic effect. RESULTS Intracranial delivery of mFc-endostatin via a polymer or convection-enhanced delivery 5 days after tumor implantation increased median survival, compared with the control group (p = 0.0048 and 0.003, respectively). Animals treated weekly with subcutaneous mFc-endostatin (started 5 days post-tumor implantation) also had statistically improved survival as compared with controls (p = 0.0008). However, there was no statistical difference in survival between the local and systemic delivery groups. Control animals had a median survival of 13 days. Animals treated either with subcutaneous mFc-endostatin weekly or with polymer had a median survival of 18 and 15 days, respectively, and those treated with oral TMZ for 5 days (Days 5-9) had a median survival of 21 days. Survival was further increased with a combination of oral TMZ and mFc-endostatin polymer, with a median survival of 28 days (p = 0.029, compared with TMZ alone). Subcutaneous mFc-endostatin administered every week starting 18 days before tumor implantation significantly increased median survival when compared with controls (p = 0.0007), with 12.5% of the animals ultimately becoming long-term survivors (that is, survival longer than 120 days). The addition of TMZ to either weekly or daily subcutaneous mFc-endostatin and its administration 18 days before tumor implantation significantly increased survival (p = 0.017 and 0.0001, respectively, compared with TMZ alone). Note that 12.5% of the animals treated with weekly subcutaneous mFc-endostatin and TMZ were long-term survivors. CONCLUSIONS Systemically or directly (local) delivered mFc-endostatin prolonged the survival of rats implanted with intracranial 9L gliosarcoma. This benefit was further enhanced when mFc-endostatin was combined with the oral chemotherapeutic agent TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Grossman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oncology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Seppinen L, Pihlajaniemi T. The multiple functions of collagen XVIII in development and disease. Matrix Biol 2011; 30:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Effects of chromogranin A deficiency and excess in vivo: biphasic blood pressure and catecholamine responses. J Hypertens 2010; 28:817-25. [PMID: 20139771 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328336ed3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The phenotype of the chromogranin A (Chga) null (knockout) mouse is hypertensive. However, hypertensive humans and spontaneously hypertensive rats display elevated CHGA expression. This study addresses the paradox that both ablation and elevation of CHGA result in hypertension. METHODS Mice with varying copy number of the CHGA gene were generated. In these mice CHGA, catecholamine and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Also a cohort of healthy human individuals was stratified into tertiles based on plasma CHGA expression and phenotyped for characteristics including their BP response to environmental (cold) stress. RESULTS The mice displayed a direct CHGA gene dose-dependent (0-4 copies/genome) activation of CHGA expression in both plasma and adrenal gland, yet the BP dependence of CHGA gene dose was U-shaped, maximal at 0 and four copies of the gene, whereas minimal at two copies (i.e., the wild-type gene dosage). Plasma catecholamine showed a parallel U-shaped dose/response in mice, whereas adrenal epinephrine exhibited a reciprocal (inverted) U-shaped response, suggesting dysregulated neurotransmission at both extremes of CHGA expression. The human individuals also showed a nonlinear relationship between CHGA expression and pressor responses to environmental (cold) stress, that were maximal in the highest and lowest tertiles, though basal BPs did not differ among the groups. The human CHGA tertiles also differed in epinephrine secretion as well as degree of CHGA processing to catestatin (catecholamine release-inhibitory peptide derived from CHGA processing). CONCLUSION Thus, across mammalian species, an optimal amount of CHGA may be required to establish appropriate catecholamine storage and release, and hence BP homeostasis.
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18
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Javaherian K, Lee TY, Tjin Tham Sjin RM, Parris GE, Hlatky L. Two Endogenous Antiangiogenic Inhibitors, Endostatin and Angiostatin, Demonstrate Biphasic Curves in their Antitumor Profiles. Dose Response 2010; 9:369-76. [PMID: 22013399 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.10-020.javaherian] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis refers to growth of blood vessels from pre-existing ones. In 1971, Folkman proposed that by choking off the blood supply to tumors, they are starved, leading to their demise. A few years ago, the monoclonal antibody Avastin became the first antiangiogenic biological approved by FDA, for treatment of cancer patients. Two other antiangiogenic endogenous protein fragments were isolated in Folkman's laboratory more than a decade ago. Here, we present a short review of data demonstrating that angiostatin and endostatin display a biphasic antitumor dose-response. This behavior is common among a large number of antiangiogenic agents and the reduced effectiveness of antiangiogenic agents at high dose rates may be due to suppression of growth of new vessels carrying the agent into the critical region around the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashi Javaherian
- Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Reynolds AR. Potential relevance of bell-shaped and u-shaped dose-responses for the therapeutic targeting of angiogenesis in cancer. Dose Response 2010; 8:253-84. [PMID: 20877487 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.09-049.reynolds] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels into tumors, facilitates tumor growth and thus represents an attractive therapeutic target. Numerous experimental angiogenesis inhibitors have been characterised and subsequently trialled in patients. Some of these agents have failed to show any substantial activity in patients. In contrast, others have been more successful, but even these provide only a few months extra patient survival. Recent work has focused on understanding the effects of anti-angiogenic agents on tumor biology and has revealed a number of new findings that may help to explain the limited efficacy of angiogenesis inhibitors. Herein, I review the evidence that hormetic dose-responses (i.e. bell-shaped and U-shaped dose-response curves) are often observed with anti-angiogenic agents. Agents reported to exhibit these types of dose-response include: 5-fluorouracil, ATN-161, bortezomib, cisplatin, endostatin, enterostatin, integrin inhibitors, interferon-α, plasminogen activator-1 (PAI-1), rapamycin, rosiglitazone, statins, thrombospondin-1, TGF-α1 and TGF-α3. Hormesis may also be relevant for drugs that target the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling pathway and for metronomic chemotherapy. Here I argue that hormetic dose-responses present a challenge for the clinical translation of several anti-angiogenic agents and discuss how these problems might be circumvented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Reynolds
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, U.K
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20
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Abdollahi A, Folkman J. Evading tumor evasion: current concepts and perspectives of anti-angiogenic cancer therapy. Drug Resist Updat 2010; 13:16-28. [PMID: 20061178 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Within three decades, anti-angiogenic therapy has rapidly evolved into an integral component of current standard anti-cancer treatment. Anti-angiogenic therapy has fulfilled a number of its earlier proposed promises. The universality of this approach is demonstrated by the broad spectrum of malignant and benign tumor entities, as well as non-neoplastic diseases, that are currently treated with anti-angiogenic agents. In contrast to tumor cell targeting therapies, the development of acquired drug resistance (e.g., via mutations in growth factor receptor signaling genes) has not been described yet for the principal target of anti-angiogenic therapy--the tumor endothelium. Moreover, the tumor endothelium has emerged as a critical target of conventional cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The presumption that tumor growth and metastasis are angiogenesis-dependent implies that the number of potential targets of an anti-cancer therapy could be reduced to those that stimulate the angiogenesis process. Therefore, the set of endogenous angiogenesis stimulants might constitute an "Achilles heel" of cancer. Direct targeting of tumor endothelium via, e.g., endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors poses another promising but clinically less explored therapeutic strategy. Indeed, the majority of current anti-angiogenic approaches block the activity of a single or at most a few pro-angiogenic proteins secreted by tumor cells or the tumor stroma. Based on our systems biology work on the angiogenic switch, we predicted that the redundancy of angiogenic signals might limit the efficacy of anti-angiogenic monotherapies. In support of this hypothesis, emerging experimental evidence suggests that tumors may become refractory or even evade the inhibition of a single pro-angiogenic pathway via compensatory upregulation of alternative angiogenic factors. Here, we discuss current concepts and propose novel strategies to overcome tumor evasion of anti-angiogenic therapy. We believe that early detection of tumors, prediction of tumor evasive mechanisms and rational design of anti-angiogenic combinations will direct anti-angiogenic therapy towards its ultimate goal--the conversion of cancer to a dormant, chronic, manageable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abdollahi
- Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Dept. of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a class of cancer originating from bone, mainly afflicting children or young adults. It is the second highest cause of cancer-related death in these age groups, mainly due to development of often fatal metastasis, usually in the lungs. Survival for these patients is poor despite the aggressive use of surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy. Thus, new effective drugs and other forms of therapy are needed. This article reviews the biology and the state of the art management of OS. New experimental drugs and potential therapies targeting molecular pathways of OS are also discussed.
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22
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Faye C, Chautard E, Olsen BR, Ricard-Blum S. The first draft of the endostatin interaction network. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:22041-22047. [PMID: 19542224 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.002964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endostatin is a C-terminal proteolytic fragment of collagen XVIII that is localized in vascular basement membrane zones in various organs. It binds to heparin/heparan sulfate and to a number of proteins, but its molecular mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. We have used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) arrays to identify new partners of endostatin, and to give further insights on its molecular mechanism of action. New partners of endostatin include glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin and dermatan sulfate), matricellular proteins (thrombospondin-1 and SPARC), collagens (I, IV, and VI), the amyloid peptide Abeta-(1-42), and transglutaminase-2. The biological functions of the endostatin network involve a number of extracellular proteins containing epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor-like domains, and able to bind calcium. Depending on the trigger event, and on the availability of its members in a given tissue at a given time, the endostatin network might be involved either in the control of angiogenesis, and tumor growth, or in neurogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Faye
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086 CNRS, University Lyon 1, IFR 128 Biosciences Gerland Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Emilie Chautard
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086 CNRS, University Lyon 1, IFR 128 Biosciences Gerland Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086 CNRS, University Lyon 1, IFR 128 Biosciences Gerland Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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23
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Faye C, Moreau C, Chautard E, Jetne R, Fukai N, Ruggiero F, Humphries MJ, Olsen BR, Ricard-Blum S. Molecular interplay between endostatin, integrins, and heparan sulfate. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:22029-22040. [PMID: 19502598 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.002840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endostatin is an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis. Although several endothelial cell surface molecules have been reported to interact with endostatin, its molecular mechanism of action is not fully elucidated. We used surface plasmon resonance assays to characterize interactions between endostatin, integrins, and heparin/heparan sulfate. alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta3 integrins form stable complexes with immobilized endostatin (KD=approximately 1.8x10(-8) M, two-state model). Two arginine residues (Arg27 and Arg139) are crucial for the binding of endostatin to integrins and to heparin/heparan sulfate, suggesting that endostatin would not bind simultaneously to integrins and to heparan sulfate. Experimental data and molecular modeling support endostatin binding to the headpiece of the alphavbeta3 integrin at the interface between the beta-propeller domain of the alphav subunit and the betaA domain of the beta3 subunit. In addition, we report that alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta3 integrins bind to heparin/heparan sulfate. The ectodomain of the alpha5beta1 integrin binds to haparin with high affinity (KD=15.5 nM). The direct binding between integrins and heparin/heparan sulfate might explain why both heparan sulfate and alpha5beta1 integrin are required for the localization of endostatin in endothelial cell lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Faye
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086 CNRS-University Lyon 1, IFR 128 Biosciences Gerland Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Christophe Moreau
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086 CNRS-University Lyon 1, IFR 128 Biosciences Gerland Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Emilie Chautard
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086 CNRS-University Lyon 1, IFR 128 Biosciences Gerland Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Reidunn Jetne
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Naomi Fukai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Florence Ruggiero
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086 CNRS-University Lyon 1, IFR 128 Biosciences Gerland Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086 CNRS-University Lyon 1, IFR 128 Biosciences Gerland Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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24
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Ma J, Waxman DJ. Combination of antiangiogenesis with chemotherapy for more effective cancer treatment. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 7:3670-84. [PMID: 19074844 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of tumor development and metastasis and is now a validated target for cancer treatment. However, the survival benefits of antiangiogenic drugs have thus far been rather modest, stimulating interest in developing more effective ways to combine antiangiogenic drugs with established chemotherapies. This review discusses recent progress and emerging challenges in this field; interactions between antiangiogenic drugs and conventional chemotherapeutic agents are examined, and strategies for the optimization of combination therapies are discussed. Antiangiogenic drugs such as the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody bevacizumab can induce a functional normalization of the tumor vasculature that is transient and can potentiate the activity of coadministered chemoradiotherapies. However, chronic angiogenesis inhibition typically reduces tumor uptake of coadministered chemotherapeutics, indicating a need to explore new approaches, including intermittent treatment schedules and provascular strategies to increase chemotherapeutic drug exposure. In cases where antiangiogenesis-induced tumor cell starvation augments the intrinsic cytotoxic effects of a conventional chemotherapeutic drug, combination therapy may increase antitumor activity despite a decrease in cytotoxic drug exposure. As new angiogenesis inhibitors enter the clinic, reliable surrogate markers are needed to monitor the progress of antiangiogenic therapies and to identify responsive patients. New targets for antiangiogenesis continue to be discovered, increasing the opportunities to interdict tumor angiogenesis and circumvent resistance mechanisms that may emerge with chronic use of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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25
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Abstract
Cancer gene transfer is a relatively novel intervention strategy. In part because of this novelty, trials often present greater uncertainties than those investigating more conventional approaches. In the following review, I examine how this greater uncertainty might affect how clinical studies are designed, when they are initiated, their degree of risk, and whether such risk can be justified in terms of therapeutic benefit. The review also discusses two other ethical issues presented by gene transfer clinical research: fairness in subject selection and communications with the public. I conclude with a series of recommendations directed toward researchers, policymakers, and ethics committee members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kimmelman
- Department of Social Studies of Medicine, Clinical Trials Research Group, Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QB, Canada
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26
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Sun XD, Jeng L, Bolliet C, Olsen BR, Spector M. Non-viral endostatin plasmid transfection of mesenchymal stem cells via collagen scaffolds. Biomaterials 2008; 30:1222-31. [PMID: 19059640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical in the early stage of reparative processes and tissue regeneration, but the persistence of a vascular network may interfere with later transformation/maturation in naturally avascular tissues such as articular cartilage. Our supposition is that the timed delivery of an anti-angiogenic factor in cartilage tissue engineering may facilitate the formation of hyaline cartilage by inducing the regression of vascularization. To this end our overall goal is to prepare an off-the-shelf scaffold containing the gene for a potent anti-angiogenic factor. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of a type I/III collagen scaffold for the non-viral transfection of marrow stromal cells (MSCs, also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells) with the plasmid encoding endostatin. Caprine MSCs were transfected by the naked plasmid alone and plasmid incorporated into a cationic lipid complex in three experiments: 1) cells were transfected in monolayer; 2) monolayer-transfected cells were grown in a collagen sponge-like scaffold; and 3) non-transfected cells were grown in a collagen scaffold containing the naked plasmid and endostatin lipoplex. Independent variables were the passage number of the cells and the plasmid loading. The amount of endostatin released by the cells into the medium was measured using an ELISA. The results demonstrated the overexpression of endostatin by MSCs growing in the endostatin lipoplex-supplemented collagen scaffolds. Endostatin released by the cell-seeded scaffolds reached a peak of 13ng/ml for scaffolds incorporating as little as 20mug of plasmid, at the 3-day collection period ending 5 days post-seeding. The accumulated endostatin synthesis over a 2-week period began to achieve what may be a therapeutic level. MSCs transfected with the endostatin gene in monolayer continued to express the gene when grown in the collagen scaffolds. The results demonstrate the promise of the non-viral delivery of the gene for this potent anti-angiogenic protein to MSCs via a collagen scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Sun
- Tissue Engineering, VA Boston Healthcare System, Mail Stop: 151 Research, 150 S. Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02130, USA
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Wu J, Ding D, Ren G, Xu X, Yin X, Hu Y. Sustained delivery of endostatin improves the efficacy of therapy in Lewis lung cancer model. J Control Release 2008; 134:91-7. [PMID: 19084038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to develop an effective delivery system for antiangiogenic therapy. Endostatin was microencapsulated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres by using a w/o/o multiple emulsification-evaporation technique. Endostatin microspheres showed the encapsulation efficiency 100% with mean particle size about 25 microm. Endostatin released in vitro from PLGA microspheres were biologically active and significantly inhibited the migration of endothelial cells. In rats, endostatin microspheres produced a sustained release process in which the steady-state concentration was reached from day 5 to day 27 with the steady-state levels of endostatin between 174.8+/-33.3 and 351.3+/-126.3 ng/ml. In Lewis lung cancer model, a dose of 10 mg/kg endostatin microspheres was just as effective in suppressing tumor growth as a dose of 2 mg/kg/day free endostatin for 35 days (total dose 70 mg/kg). These results indicated PLGA microspheres further reduced the amount of endostatin needed to achieve significant tumor inhibition in mice when compared with systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Hoffmann S, Wunderlich A, Lingelbach S, Musholt PB, Musholt TJ, von Wasielewski R, Zielke A. Expression and secretion of endostatin in thyroid cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15:3601-8. [PMID: 18818971 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-008-0170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In thyroid cancer (TC) endostatin was identified as a powerful negative regulator of tumor angiogenesis in vitro. It is currently being evaluated in phase I trials for antiangiogenic therapy in various solid tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate endostatin expression in archival TC specimens and its secretion following stimulation with thyrotropin (TSH) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in TC cell lines. METHODS Tissue microarrays of 44 differentiated and 7 anaplastic TC and their metastasis were immunostained for endostatin protein expression and compared with corresponding non-neoplastic thyroid tissue (NT). In vitro, six differentiated (FTC133, FTC236, HTC, HTC-TSHr, XTC, and TPC1) and three anaplastic (C643, Hth74, Kat4.0) TC cell lines were evaluated for basal as well as TSH (1-100 mU/ml) and EGF stimulated (1-100 ng/ml) endostatin. RESULTS Endostatin was detected in all TC and more than half of the NT. Endostatin expression was more frequent and intense in differentiated as compared to anaplastic TC. In vitro, basal endostatin secretion varied between 33 +/- 5 pg/ml (FTC236) and 549 +/- 65 pg/ml (TPC1) and was doubled in FTC, when the "primary" (FTC133) was compared with the metastasis (FTC236). Some cell lines showed TSH-induced (e.g., 60% in XTC) or EGF-induced (e.g., 120% in TPC1) upregulation of endostatin secretion, while others did not, despite documented receptor expression. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates endostatin expression in TC, metastasis and--less frequently and intensely--in NT, suggesting a possible association to tumor progression. In vitro, endostatin secretion of some cell lines is regulated by TSH and EGF, however the individual differences deserve further functional studies. These results support rather tumor-specific than histotype-specific expression and regulation of endostatin in TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hoffmann
- Department of Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Germany.
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29
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Dhanabal M, Karumanchi SA, Sukhatme VP. Targeting tumor vascular endothelium: an emerging concept for cancer therapy. Drug Dev Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Pariente N, Mao SH, Morizono K, Chen ISY. Efficient targeted transduction of primary human endothelial cells with dual-targeted lentiviral vectors. J Gene Med 2008; 10:242-8. [PMID: 18074400 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a rate-limiting factor for numerous human diseases. Angiogenic vessels and also the endothelium of certain organs such as the lung display molecular addresses that can be exploited for the selective delivery of gene therapeutics. Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are powerful tools for stable gene delivery but their integration and expression in undesired cell types poses a serious safety concern. We have developed a dual-targeted LV that can specifically target primary endothelial cells (ECs). Cell selectivity is achieved during entry, using a modified Sindbis virus envelope, and during transcription, with an EC-specific promoter. We evaluated four surface markers for EC targeting and seven promoter sequences from genes preferentially expressed in ECs. The efficiency and specificity of the double targeted vector were assayed in a panel of human primary cultures and tumor cell lines. A vector targeted to CD146, an endothelial adhesion molecule, and carrying a derivative of the EC tyrosine kinase Tie2 promoter, increased specificity of transduction up to 50 times and was also effective at selectively transducing ECs in a mixed coculture with human fibroblasts. The vector presented here is a potentially powerful tool that could be used in a variety of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonia Pariente
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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31
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Szentirmai O, Baker CH, Bullain SS, Lin N, Takahashi M, Folkman J, Mulligan RC, Carter BS. Successful inhibition of intracranial human glioblastoma multiforme xenograft growth via systemic adenoviral delivery of soluble endostatin and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2: laboratory investigation. J Neurosurg 2008; 108:979-88. [PMID: 18447716 DOI: 10.3171/jns/2008/108/5/0979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by neovascularization, raising the question of whether angiogenic blockade may be a useful therapeutic strategy for this disease. It has been suggested, however, that, to be useful, angiogenic blockade must be persistent and at levels sufficient to overcome proangiogenic signals from tumor cells. In this report, the authors tested the hypothesis that sustained high concentrations of 2 different antiangiogenic proteins, delivered using a systemic gene therapy strategy, could inhibit the growth of established intracranial U87 human GBM xenografts in nude mice. METHODS Mice harboring established U87 intracranial tumors received intravenous injections of adenoviral vectors encoding either the extracellular domain of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2-Fc fusion protein (Ad-VEGFR2-Fc) alone, soluble endostatin (Ad-ES) alone, a combination of Ad-VEGFR2-Fc and Ad-ES, or immunoglobulin 1-Fc (Ad-Fc) as a control. RESULTS Three weeks after treatment, magnetic resonance imaging-based determination of tumor volume showed that treatment with Ad-VEGFR2-Fc, Ad-ES, or Ad-VEGFR2-Fc in combination with Ad-ES, produced 69, 59, and 74% growth inhibition, respectively. Bioluminescent monitoring of tumor growth revealed growth inhibition in the same treatment groups to be 62, 74, and 72%, respectively. Staining with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling showed reduced tumor cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in all antiangiogenic treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that systemic delivery and sustained production of endostatin and soluble VEGFR2 can slow intracranial glial tumor growth by both reducing cell proliferation and increasing tumor apoptosis. This work adds further support to the concept of using antiangiogenesis therapy for intracranial GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oszkar Szentirmai
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Institutes of Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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32
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Lorico A, Mercapide J, Soloduschko V, Alexeyev M, Fodstad O, Rappa G. Primary neural stem/progenitor cells expressing endostatin or cytochrome P450 for gene therapy of glioblastoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2008; 15:605-15. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2008.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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33
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Lee TY, Tjin Tham Sjin RM, Movahedi S, Ahmed B, Pravda EA, Lo KM, Gillies SD, Folkman J, Javaherian K. Linking Antibody Fc Domain to Endostatin Significantly Improves Endostatin Half-life and Efficacy. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:1487-93. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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35
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Clark JCM, Dass CR, Choong PFM. A review of clinical and molecular prognostic factors in osteosarcoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 134:281-97. [PMID: 17965883 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-007-0330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditional prognostic determinants in osteosarcoma have included demographics (age, sex), tumour size, site, stage, and the response to chemotherapy. Many of these are determined using varying techniques and units of measurement, which can make comparison between studies difficult. The absence of survival difference between limb sparing surgery and amputation has been repeatedly demonstrated in primary disease, and even in the setting of pathological fracture. On the other hand, there is still some controversy over the existence of increased local recurrence for limb-sparing surgery, and the implications of this. Commonly used prognostic determinants such as metastases, and response to chemotherapy enable a high degree of prognostic accuracy but usually at a late stage in the course of disease. Leading on from this, there is a need to uncover molecular pathways with specific influence over osteosarcoma progression to facilitate earlier treatment changes. Some important pathways are already being defined, for example the association of CXCR4 with metastases on presentation, the likelihood of doxorubicin resistance with positive P-glycoprotein, and the reduced survival prediction of over expressed survivin. It is anticipated that the future of osteosarcoma treatment will involve treatment tailored to the molecular profile of tumours at diagnosis, adjuvant therapy directed towards dysfunctional molecular pathways rather than the use of cytotoxics, and a more standardised approach to the measurement of clinical prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C M Clark
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, P.O. Box 2900, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
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36
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Dass CR, Tran TMN, Choong PFM. Angiogenesis inhibitors and the need for anti-angiogenic therapeutics. J Dent Res 2007; 86:927-36. [PMID: 17890668 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708601005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels to form capillary networks, which, among other diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration, is particularly important for tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, depriving a tumor of its vascular supply by means of anti-angiogenic agents has been of great interest since its proposal in the 1970s. This review looks at the common angiogenic inhibitors (angiostatin, endostatin, maspin, pigment epithelium-derived factor, bevacizumab and other monoclonal antibodies, and zoledronic acid) and their current status in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Dass
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Health, P.O. Box 2900, Fitzroy, 3065, Melbourne, Australia.
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37
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Abstract
Angiogenesis--the process of new blood-vessel growth--has an essential role in development, reproduction and repair. However, pathological angiogenesis occurs not only in tumour formation, but also in a range of non-neoplastic diseases that could be classed together as 'angiogenesis-dependent diseases'. By viewing the process of angiogenesis as an 'organizing principle' in biology, intriguing insights into the molecular mechanisms of seemingly unrelated phenomena might be gained. This has important consequences for the clinical use of angiogenesis inhibitors and for drug discovery, not only for optimizing the treatment of cancer, but possibly also for developing therapeutic approaches for various diseases that are otherwise unrelated to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judah Folkman
- Childrens Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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38
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Kaipainen A, Kieran MW, Huang S, Butterfield C, Bielenberg D, Mostoslavsky G, Mulligan R, Folkman J, Panigrahy D. PPARalpha deficiency in inflammatory cells suppresses tumor growth. PLoS One 2007; 2:e260. [PMID: 17327920 PMCID: PMC1800345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation in the tumor bed can either promote or inhibit tumor growth. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α is a central transcriptional suppressor of inflammation, and may therefore modulate tumor growth. Here we show that PPARα deficiency in the host leads to overt inflammation that suppresses angiogenesis via excess production of the endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin-1 and prevents tumor growth. Bone marrow transplantation and granulocyte depletion show that PPARα expressing granulocytes are necessary for tumor growth. Neutralization of thrombospondin-1 restores tumor growth in PPARα-deficient mice. These findings suggest that the absence of PPARα activity renders inflammatory infiltrates tumor suppressive and, thus, may provide a target for inhibiting tumor growth by modulating stromal processes, such as angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Cell Line, Transformed/transplantation
- Corneal Neovascularization/genetics
- Granulocytes/physiology
- Inflammation
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- PPAR alpha/deficiency
- PPAR alpha/genetics
- PPAR alpha/physiology
- Radiation Chimera
- Thrombospondin 1/physiology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja Kaipainen
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark W. Kieran
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sui Huang
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Catherine Butterfield
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Diane Bielenberg
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard Mulligan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Judah Folkman
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhou J, Yu W, Zhang X, Guo X, Ma X. Tumor Anti-angiogenic Gene Therapy with Microencapsulated Recombinant CHO Cells. Ann Biomed Eng 2007; 35:605-14. [PMID: 17277990 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-007-9255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microencapsulation of recombinant cells is a novel promising approach to tumor therapy in which therapeutic protein is sustainable and long-term delivered by microencapsulated cells. The semi-permeable membrane of microcapsule can protect cell from host's immune rejection, increase the chemical stability of therapeutic protein and circumvent the problems of toxicity, limited half-lives and variation in circulating levels. Endostatin, a potent and specific angiogenesis inhibitor, could suppress the growth of primary and metastatic lesions in multiple murine tumor models. In this paper, APA microcapsules with high strength kept intact over 35 days and recombinant CHO cells kept the rapid proliferation viability and the continuous endostatin-expression function. The study of tumor treatment showed that the implantation of microencapsulated recombinant CHO cells decreased the neovascularization of tumor tissue by 59.4% and inhibited the B16 melanoma growth by 77.4%. Twenty days after tumor cell injection, 80% of animals treated with microencapsulated CHO-endo cells were alive compared to only 50% of animals in either control or mock control groups. Therefore, continuous delivery of endostatin from microencapsulated recombinant cells represents a feasible approach to tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
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40
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Abstract
Since the relationship between angiogenesis and tumor growth was established by Folkman in 1971, scientists have made efforts exploring the possibilities in treating cancer by targeting angiogenesis. Inhibition of angiogenesis growth factors and administration of angiogenesis inhibitors are the basics of anti-angiogenesis therapy. Transfer of anti-angiogenesis genes has received attention recently not only because of the advancement of recombinant vectors, but also because of the localized and sustained expression of therapeutic gene product inside the tumor after gene transfer. This review provides the up-to-date information about the strategies and the vectors studied in the field of anti-angiogenesis cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chiu Liu
- Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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41
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Khan ZA, Melero-Martin JM, Wu X, Paruchuri S, Boscolo E, Mulliken JB, Bischoff J. Endothelial progenitor cells from infantile hemangioma and umbilical cord blood display unique cellular responses to endostatin. Blood 2006; 108:915-21. [PMID: 16861344 PMCID: PMC1895853 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-03-006478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infantile hemangiomas are composed of endothelial cells (ECs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), as well as perivascular and hematopoietic cells. Our hypothesis is that hemangioma-derived EPCs (HemEPCs) differentiate into the mature ECs that comprise the major compartment of the tumor. To test this, we isolated EPCs (CD133(+)/Ulex europeus- I(+)) and mature ECs (CD133(-)/Ulex europeus-I(+)) from proliferating hemangiomas and used a previously described property of hemangioma-derived ECs (HemECs), enhanced migratory activity in response to the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin, to determine if HemEPCs share this abnormal behavior. Umbilical cord blood-derived EPCs (cbEPCs) were analyzed in parallel as a normal control. Our results show that HemEPCs, HemECs, and cbEPCs exhibit increased adhesion, migration, and proliferation in response to endostatin. This angiogenic response to endostatin was consistently expressed by HemEPCs over several weeks in culture, whereas HemECs and cbEPCs shifted toward the mature endothelial response to endostatin. Similar mRNA-expression patterns among HemEPCs, HemECs, and cbEPCs, revealed by microarray analyses, provided further indication of an EPC phenotype. This is the first demonstration that human EPCs, isolated from blood or from a proliferating hemangioma, are stimulated by an angiogenesis inhibitor. These findings suggest that EPCs respond differently from mature ECs when exposed to angiogenic or antiangiogenic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia A Khan
- Vascular Biology Research Program and Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of cancer have now been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States, and in 28 other countries including China. Clinical application of this new class of drugs is informed by certain principles from angiogenesis research. Oncogenic mutations initiate tumorigenesis, but angiogenesis is necessary for expansion of tumor mass. Two angiogenesis inhibitors have been developed that have a broad spectrum of anticancer activity, yet virtually no side effects. Endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors act as tumor suppressor proteins. The angiogenic response in vivo is based on the genetic background of the host. Several types of angiogenesis inhibitors reveal a biphasic, U-shaped curve of efficacy. "Antiangiogenic chemotherapy" is a novel approach to the treatment of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judah Folkman
- Vascular Biology Program, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5737, USA.
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