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Yang B, Xu Y, Yu J, Wang Q, Fan Q, Zhao X, Qiao Y, Zhang Z, Zhou Q, Yin D, He M, He H. Salidroside pretreatment alleviates ferroptosis induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion through mitochondrial superoxide-dependent AMPKα2 activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155365. [PMID: 38552436 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that relies on excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, Fe2+accumulation, abnormal lipid metabolism and is involved in various organ ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, expecially in myocardium. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells and essential in regulating multiple RCD. However, the links between mitochondria and ferroptosis are still poorly understood. Salidroside (Sal), a natural phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from Rhodiola rosea, has mult-bioactivities. However, the effects and mechanism in alleviating ferroptosis caused by myocardial I/R injury remains unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate whether pretreated with Sal could protect the myocardium against I/R damage and the underlying mechanisms. In particular, the relationship between Sal pretreatment, AMPKα2 activity, mitochondria and ROS generation was explored. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Firstly, A/R or I/R injury models were employed in H9c2 cells and Sprague-Dawley rats. And then the anti-ferroptotic effects and mechanism of Sal pretreatment was detected using multi-relevant indexes in H9c2 cells. Further, how does Sal pretreatment in AMPKα2 phosphorylation was explored. Finally, these results were validated by I/R injury in rats. RESULTS Similar to Ferrostatin-1 (a ferroptosis inhibitor) and MitoTEMPO, a mitochondrial free radical scavenger, Sal pretreatment effectively alleviated Fe2+ accumulation, redox disequilibrium and maintained mitochondrial energy production and function in I/R-induced myocardial injury, as demonstrated using multifunctional, enzymatic, and morphological indices. However, these effects were abolished by downregulation of AMPKα2 using an adenovirus, both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the results also provided a non-canonical mechanism that, under mild mitochondrial ROS generation, Sal pretreatment upregulated and phosphorylated AMPKα2, which enhanced mitochondrial complex I activity to activate innate adaptive responses and increase cellular tolerance to A/R injury. CONCLUSION Overall, our work highlighted mitochondria are of great impotance in myocardial I/R-induced ferroptosis and demonstrated that Sal pretreatment activated AMPKα2 against I/R injury, indicating that Sal could become a candidate phytochemical for the treatment of myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jingzhi Yu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qihao Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qigui Fan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yang Qiao
- Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ming He
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Huan He
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China.
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2
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Paulino ET. Development of the cardioprotective drugs class based on pathophysiology of myocardial infarction: A comprehensive review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102480. [PMID: 38395114 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is mainly responsible for the transport of substances necessary to cellular metabolism. However, for the good performance of this function, there is need for adequate control of blood pressure levels of tissue perfusion and systemic arterial. Acute myocardial infarction is one of the complications of the cardiovascular system, that most affects the population around the world. This condition can be defined as a disease generated by an imbalance of oxygen concentrations used in cardiovascular metabolism, this change usually occurs because coronary occlusion, which prevents myocardial blood flow. The diagnosis is based on the set of clinical and laboratory investigations, which are in the release of cardiac enzyme biomarkers, cardiovascular and hemodynamic changes and cardiac accommodations. The treatment consists in the use of concomitant cardiovascular drugs, such as: antihypertensive, antiplatelet and hypolipidemic. Despite improvements in clinical and pharmacological management, acute myocardial infarction remains the leading cause of death worldwide. This finding encourages the scientific research of new drugs for the treatment of myocardial infarction or supporting therapies aimed at reducing the levels of deaths and comorbities generated by cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Tenório Paulino
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N. Postal Box Code: 57.072.900, Brazil.
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3
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Yang R, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li M, Meng Y, Wang J, Wen X, Yu J, Chang P. Grpel2 maintains cardiomyocyte survival in diabetic cardiomyopathy through DLST-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction: a proof-of-concept study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:200. [PMID: 36927450 PMCID: PMC10021968 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) has been considered as a major threat to health in individuals with diabetes. GrpE-like 2 (Grpel2), a nucleotide exchange factor, has been shown to regulate mitochondrial import process to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. However, the effect and mechanism of Grpel2 in DCM remain unknown. METHODS The streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DCM mice model and high glucose (HG)-treated cardiomyocytes were established. Overexpression of cardiac-specific Grpel2 was performed by intramyocardial injection of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9). Bioinformatics analysis, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), transcriptomics profiling and functional experiments were used to explore molecular mechanism of Grpel2 in DCM. RESULTS Here, we found that Grpel2 was decreased in DCM induced by STZ. Overexpression of cardiac-specific Grpel2 alleviated cardiac dysfunction and structural remodeling in DCM. In both diabetic hearts and HG-treated cardiomyocytes, Grpel2 overexpression attenuated apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, including decreased mitochondrial ROS production, increased mitochondrial respiratory capacities and increased mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistically, Grpel2 interacted with dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase (DLST), which positively mediated the import process of DLST into mitochondria under HG conditions. Furthermore, the protective effects of Grpel2 overexpression on mitochondrial function and cell survival were blocked by siRNA knockdown of DLST. Moreover, Nr2f6 bond to the Grpel2 promoter region and positively regulated its transcription. CONCLUSION Our study provides for the first time evidence that Grpel2 overexpression exerts a protective effect against mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in DCM by maintaining the import of DLST into mitochondria. These findings suggest that targeting Grpel2 might be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Cardiology, The 989th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, 2 Huaxia West Road, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yingfan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuancui Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianbang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The 989th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, 2 Huaxia West Road, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Clinical Experimental Center, The Affiliated Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710100, China.
| | - Pan Chang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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4
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Flores-Vergara R, Olmedo I, Aránguiz P, Riquelme JA, Vivar R, Pedrozo Z. Communication Between Cardiomyocytes and Fibroblasts During Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion and Remodeling: Roles of TGF-β, CTGF, the Renin Angiotensin Axis, and Non-coding RNA Molecules. Front Physiol 2021; 12:716721. [PMID: 34539441 PMCID: PMC8446518 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.716721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between cells is a foundational concept for understanding the physiology and pathology of biological systems. Paracrine/autocrine signaling, direct cell-to-cell interplay, and extracellular matrix interactions are three types of cell communication that regulate responses to different stimuli. In the heart, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells interact to form the cardiac tissue. Under pathological conditions, such as myocardial infarction, humoral factors released by these cells may induce tissue damage or protection, depending on the type and concentration of molecules secreted. Cardiac remodeling is also mediated by the factors secreted by cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts that are involved in the extensive reciprocal interactions between these cells. Identifying the molecules and cellular signal pathways implicated in these processes will be crucial for creating effective tissue-preserving treatments during or after reperfusion. Numerous therapies to protect cardiac tissue from reperfusion-induced injury have been explored, and ample pre-clinical research has attempted to identify drugs or techniques to mitigate cardiac damage. However, despite great success in animal models, it has not been possible to completely translate these cardioprotective effects to human applications. This review provides a current summary of the principal molecules, pathways, and mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte and cardiac fibroblast crosstalk during ischemia/reperfusion injury. We also discuss pre-clinical molecules proposed as treatments for myocardial infarction and provide a clinical perspective on these potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Flores-Vergara
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Ivonne Olmedo
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Red para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de alta letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Pablo Aránguiz
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Jaime Andrés Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Raúl Vivar
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Red para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de alta letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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5
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Olivares-Silva F, Espitia-Corredor J, Letelier A, Vivar R, Parra-Flores P, Olmedo I, Montenegro J, Pardo-Jiménez V, Díaz-Araya G. TGF-β1 decreases CHOP expression and prevents cardiac fibroblast apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 70:105041. [PMID: 33127435 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a cytokine with marked pro-fibrotic action on cardiac fibroblasts (CF). TGF-β1 induces CF-to-cardiac myofibroblast (CMF) differentiation, defined by an increase in α-smooth muscle cells (α-SMA), collagen secretion and it has a cytoprotective effect against stimuli that induce apoptosis. In the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) lumen, misfolded protein accumulation triggers ER stress and induces apoptosis, and this process plays a critical role in cell death mediated by Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury and by ER stress inducers, such as Tunicamycin (Tn). Here, we studied the regulation of CHOP, a proapoptotic ER-stress-related transcription factor in CF under simulated I/R (sI/R) or exposed to Tn. Even though TGF-β1 has been shown to participate in ER stress, its regulatory effect on CF apoptosis and ER stress-induced by sI/R or TN has not been evaluated yet. CF from neonatal rats were exposed to sI/R, and cell death was evaluated by cell count and apoptosis by flow cytometry. ER stress was assessed by western blot against CHOP. Our results evidenced that sI/R (8/24) h or Tn triggers CF apoptosis and an increase in CHOP protein levels. TGF-β1 pre-treatment partially prevented apoptosis induced by sI/R or Tn. Furthermore, TGF-β1 pre-treatment completely prevented CHOP increase by sI/R or Tn. Additionally, we found a decrease in α-SMA expression induced by sI/R and in collagen secretion induced by Tn, which were not prevented by TGF-β1 treatment. In conclusion, TGF-β1 partially protects CF apoptosis induced by sI/R or Tn, through a mechanism that would involve ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Olivares-Silva
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Espitia-Corredor
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Letelier
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Vivar
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Parra-Flores
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - I Olmedo
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Montenegro
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - V Pardo-Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Díaz-Araya
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro FONDAP Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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6
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Wang SY, Sang JW, Ding W, Qin TW, Bai L, Zhang J, Luo JC. The cytoptrotection of small intestinal submucosa-derived gel in HL-1 cells during hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1346-1361. [PMID: 31062928 DOI: 10.1002/term.2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Small intestinal submucosa (SIS)-derived gel injected into infarcted myocardium has been shown to promote repair and regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI); however, the specific impact of SIS gel on cardiomyocytes remained unknown. The aim of this study was to characterise SIS gel function in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte damage and its potential mechanism. HL-1 cardiomyocytes seeded on SIS matrix-coated plates, SIS gel, and uncoated plates were subjected to H/R, cell viability, apoptosis, expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax were investigated. SIS gel and SIS matrix as coating substrates markedly improved cell viability, preventing cell apoptosis compared with uncoated plates, with SIS gel yielding the best cytoprotective effects. SIS gel down-regulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, CCL2, and IL-6) by inhibiting the JNK-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/NF-κB pathways. Furthermore, SIS gel protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by activating protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, and markedly up-regulated antiapoptotic Bcl-2 expression but inhibited that of proapoptotic Bax and c-caspase 3. Together, these findings show that SIS gel could decrease H/R-induced cell apoptosis through a mechanism potentially related to its ability to regulate expression of inflammatory cytokines and antiapoptosis signalling pathways to prevent cell apoptosis. Our findings thereby shed light on the mechanism related to SIS gel therapeutic efficacy for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ya Wang
- Division of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang-Wei Sang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Division of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting-Wu Qin
- Division of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Bai
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Cong Luo
- Division of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Ayoub KF, Pothineni NVK, Rutland J, Ding Z, Mehta JL. Immunity, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure: Emerging Molecular Targets. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2018; 31:593-608. [PMID: 28956198 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-017-6752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although various therapies developed over the last two decades have shown improved long term outcomes in patients with established HF, there has been little progress in preventing the adverse cardiac remodeling that initiates HF. To fill the gap in treatment, current research efforts are focused on understanding novel mechanisms and signaling pathways. Immune activation, inflammation, oxidative stress, alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics, and autophagy have been postulated as important pathophysiological events in this process. An improved understanding of these complex processes could facilitate a therapeutic shift toward molecular targets that can potentially alter the course of HF. METHODS In this review, we address the role of immunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress as well as other novel emerging concepts in the pathophysiology of HF that may have therapeutic implications. CONCLUSION Based on the experimental and clinical studies presented here, we anticipate that a better understanding of the pathophysiology of HF will open the door for new therapeutic targets. A one-size-fits-all approach may not be appropriate for all patients with HF, and further clinical trials utilizing molecular targeting in HF may result in improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam F Ayoub
- Division of Cardiology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Naga Venkata K Pothineni
- Division of Cardiology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Joshua Rutland
- Division of Cardiology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Zufeng Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA. .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, #532, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
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8
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Wu J, Jackson-Weaver O, Xu J. The TGFβ superfamily in cardiac dysfunction. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:323-335. [PMID: 29462261 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFβ superfamily includes the transforming growth factor βs (TGFβs), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) and Activin/Inhibin families of ligands. Among the 33 members of TGFβ superfamily ligands, many act on multiple types of cells within the heart, including cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, coronary endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells (e.g. monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils). In this review, we highlight recent discoveries on TGFβs, BMPs, and GDFs in different cardiac residential cellular components, in association with functional impacts in heart development, injury repair, and dysfunction. Specifically, we will review the roles of TGFβs, BMPs, and GDFs in cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, contractility, metabolism, angiogenesis, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Olan Jackson-Weaver
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Abstract
Electronic pacemakers have been used in patients with heart rhythm disorders for device-supported pacing. While effective, there are such shortcomings as limited battery life, permanent implantation of catheters, the lack of autonomic neurohumoral responses, and risks of lead dislodging. Here we describe protocols for establishing porcine models of sick sinus syndrome and complete heart block, and the generation of bioartificial pacemaker by delivering a strategically engineered form of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated pacemaker channel protein via somatic gene transfer to convert atrial or ventricular muscle cardiomyocytes into nodal-like cells that rhythmically fire action potentials.
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10
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AAV-mediated conversion of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pacemaker. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:346-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Bera A, Sen D. Promise of adeno-associated virus as a gene therapy vector for cardiovascular diseases. Heart Fail Rev 2017; 22:795-823. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-017-9622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Mao SY, Meng XY, Xu ZW, Zhang WC, Jin XH, Chen X, Zhou X, Li YM, Xu RC. The role of ZFP580, a novel zinc finger protein, in TGF-mediated cytoprotection against chemical hypoxia‑induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiac myocytes. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2154-2162. [PMID: 28259939 PMCID: PMC5364886 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zing finger protein 580 (ZFP580) is a novel Cys2-His2 zinc-finger transcription factor that has an anti-apoptotic role in myocardial cells. It is involved in the endothelial transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signal transduction pathway as a mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad)2 binding partner. The aim of the present study was to determine the involvement of ZFP580 in TGF-β1-mediated cytoprotection against chemical hypoxia-induced apoptosis, using H9c2 cardiac myocytes. Hypoxia was chemically induced in H9c2 myocardial cells by exposure to cobalt chloride (CoCl2). In response to hypoxia, cell viability was decreased, whereas the expression levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and ZFP580 were increased. Pretreatment with TGF-β1 attenuated CoCl2-induced cell apoptosis and upregulated ZFP580 protein expression; however, these effects could be suppressed by SB431542, an inhibitor of TGF-β type I receptor and Smad2/3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, suppression of ZFP580 expression by RNA interference reduced the anti-apoptotic effects of TGF-β1 and thus increased CoCl2-induced apoptosis. B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X protein/Bcl-2 ratio, reactive oxygen species generation and caspase-3 activation were also increased following ZFP580 inactivation. In conclusion, these results indicate that ZFP580 is a component of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, and is involved in the protective effects of TGF-β1 against chemical hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis, through inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yun Mao
- Sichuan Provincial Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Leshan, Sichuan 614000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yan Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Wei Xu
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Han Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Cheng Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, P.R. China
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Madonna R, Cadeddu C, Deidda M, Giricz Z, Madeddu C, Mele D, Monte I, Novo G, Pagliaro P, Pepe A, Spallarossa P, Tocchetti CG, Varga ZV, Zito C, Geng YJ, Mercuro G, Ferdinandy P. Cardioprotection by gene therapy. Int J Cardiol 2015; 191:203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Euler G. Good and bad sides of TGFβ-signaling in myocardial infarction. Front Physiol 2015; 6:66. [PMID: 25788886 PMCID: PMC4349055 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a prevailing cause of death in industrial countries. In spite of the good opportunities we have nowadays in interventional cardiology to reopen the clotted coronary arteries for reperfusion of ischemic areas, post-infarct remodeling emerges and contributes to unfavorable structural conversion processes in the myocardium, finally resulting in heart failure. The growth factor TGFβ is upregulated during these processes. In this review, an overview on the functional role of TGFβ signaling in the process of cardiac remodeling is given, as it can influence apoptosis, fibrosis and hypertrophy thereby predominantly aggravating ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild Euler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
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15
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16
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Wu B, Meng K, Ji Q, Cheng M, Yu K, Zhao X, Tony H, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Chang C, Zhong Y, Zhu Z, Zhang W, Mao X, Zeng Q. Interleukin-37 ameliorates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 176:438-51. [PMID: 24527881 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune and inflammatory responses are involved in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Interleukin (IL)-37 is a newly identified member of the IL-1 family, and functions as a fundamental inhibitor of innate immunity and inflammation. However, its role in myocardial I/R injury remains unknown. I/R or sham operations were performed on male C57BL/6J mice. I/R mice received an injection of recombinant human IL-37 or vehicle, immediately before reperfusion. Compared with vehicle treatment, mice treated with IL-37 showed an obvious amelioration of the I/R injury, as demonstrated by reduced infarct size, decreased cardiac troponin T level and improved cardiac function. This protective effect was associated with the ability of IL-37 to suppress production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and neutrophil infiltration, which together contributed to a decrease in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In addition, we found that IL-37 inhibited the up-regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 expression and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) activation after I/R, while increasing the anti-inflammatory IL-10 level. Moreover, the administration of anti-IL-10R antibody abolished the protective effects of IL-37 in I/R injury. In-vitro experiments further demonstrated that IL-37 protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis under I/R condition, and suppressed the migration ability of neutrophils towards the chemokine LIX. In conclusion, IL-37 plays a protective role against mouse myocardial I/R injury, offering a promising therapeutic medium for myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wu
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Sluijter JPG, Condorelli G, Davidson SM, Engel FB, Ferdinandy P, Hausenloy DJ, Lecour S, Madonna R, Ovize M, Ruiz-Meana M, Schulz R, Van Laake LW. Novel therapeutic strategies for cardioprotection. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 144:60-70. [PMID: 24837132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD) remain significant worldwide. The treatment for acute myocardial infarction has improved over the past decades, including early reperfusion of occluded coronary arteries. Although it is essential to re-open the artery as soon as possible, paradoxically this leads to additional myocardial injury, called acute ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), for which currently no effective therapy is available. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are required to protect the heart from acute IRI in order to reduce myocardial infarction size, preserve cardiac function and improve clinical outcomes in patients with IHD. In this review article, we will first outline the pathophysiology of acute IRI and review promising therapeutic strategies for cardioprotection. These include novel aspects of mitochondrial function, epigenetics, circadian clocks, the immune system, microvesicles, growth factors, stem cell therapy and gene therapy. We discuss the therapeutic potential of these novel cardioprotective strategies in terms of pharmacological targeting and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; ICIN, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Institute of Cardiology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michel Ovize
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, France; Inserm U1060-CarMeN, CIC de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Laboratori Cardiologia, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig Universität, Gießen, Germany
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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18
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Oncogenic mutations in intestinal adenomas regulate Bim-mediated apoptosis induced by TGF-β. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E2229-36. [PMID: 24825889 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406444111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the majority of microsatellite-stable colorectal cancers (CRCs), an initiating mutation occurs in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) or β-catenin gene, activating the β-catenin/TCF pathway. The progression of resulting adenomas is associated with oncogenic activation of KRas and inactivation of the p53 and TGF-β/Smad functions. Most established CRC cell lines contain mutations in the TGF-β/Smad pathway, but little is known about the function of TGF-β in the early phases of intestinal tumorigenesis. We used mouse and human ex vivo 3D intestinal organoid cultures and in vivo mouse models to study the effect of TGF-β on the Lgr5(+) intestinal stem cells and their progeny in intestinal adenomas. We found that the TGF-β-induced apoptosis in Apc-mutant organoids, including the Lgr5(+) stem cells, was mediated by up-regulation of the BH3-only proapoptotic protein Bcl-2-like protein 11 (Bim). BH3-mimetic compounds recapitulated the effect of Bim not only in the adenomas but also in human CRC organoids that had lost responsiveness to TGF-β-induced apoptosis. However, wild-type intestinal crypts were markedly less sensitive to TGF-β than Apc-mutant adenomas, whereas the KRas oncogene increased resistance to TGF-β via the activation of the Erk1/2 kinase pathway, leading to Bim down-regulation. Our studies identify Bim as a critical mediator of TGF-β-induced apoptosis in intestinal adenomas and show that the common progression mutations modify Bim levels and sensitivity to TGF-β during intestinal adenoma development.
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Vivar R, Humeres C, Ayala P, Olmedo I, Catalán M, García L, Lavandero S, Díaz-Araya G. TGF-β1 prevents simulated ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac fibroblast apoptosis by activation of both canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:754-62. [PMID: 23416528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury is a major cause of myocardial death. In the heart, cardiac fibroblasts play a critical role in healing post myocardial infarction. TGF-β1 has shown cardioprotective effects in cardiac damage; however, if TGF-β1 can prevent cardiac fibroblast death triggered by ischemia/reperfusion is unknown. Therefore, we test this hypothesis, and whether the canonical and/or non-canonical TGF-β1 signaling pathways are involved in this protective effect. Cultured rat cardiac fibroblasts were subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion. Cell viability was analyzed by trypan blue exclusion and propidium iodide by flow cytometry. The processing of procaspases 8, 9 and 3 to their active forms was assessed by Western blot, whereas subG1 population was evaluated by flow cytometry. Levels of total and phosphorylated forms of ERK1/2, Akt and Smad2/3 were determined by Western blot. The role of these signaling pathways on the protective effect of TGF-β1 was studied using specific chemical inhibitors. Simulated ischemia over 8h triggers a significant cardiac fibroblast death, which increased by reperfusion, with apoptosis actively involved. These effects were only prevented by the addition of TGF-β1 during reperfusion. TGF-β1 pretreatment increased the levels of phosphorylated forms of ERK1/2, Akt and Smad2/3. The inhibition of ERK1/2, Akt and Smad3 also blocked the preventive effects of TGF-β1 on cardiac fibroblast apoptosis induced by simulated ischemia/reperfusion. Overall, our data suggest that TGF-β1 prevents cardiac fibroblast apoptosis induced by simulated ischemia-reperfusion through the canonical (Smad3) and non canonical (ERK1/2 and Akt) signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Vivar
- Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas/Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
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20
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Li RA. Gene- and cell-based bio-artificial pacemaker: what basic and translational lessons have we learned? Gene Ther 2012; 19:588-95. [PMID: 22673497 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Normal rhythms originate in the sino-atrial node, a specialized cardiac tissue consisting of only a few thousands of nodal pacemaker cells. Malfunction of pacemaker cells due to diseases or aging leads to rhythm generation disorders (for example, bradycardias and sick-sinus syndrome (SSS)), which often necessitate the implantation of electronic pacemakers. Although effective, electronic devices are associated with such shortcomings as limited battery life, permanent implantation of leads, lead dislodging, the lack of autonomic responses and so on. Here, various gene- and cell-based approaches, with a particular emphasis placed on the use of pluripotent stem cells and the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated-encoded pacemaker gene family, that have been pursued in the past decade to reconstruct bio-artificial pacemakers as alternatives will be discussed in relation to the basic biological insights and translational regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Li
- Center of Cardiovascular Research, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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21
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AAV vectors for cardiac gene transfer: experimental tools and clinical opportunities. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1582-90. [PMID: 21792180 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first demonstration of in vivo gene transfer into myocardium there have been a series of advancements that have driven the evolution of cardiac gene delivery from an experimental tool into a therapy currently at the threshold of becoming a viable clinical option. Innovative methods have been established to address practical challenges related to tissue-type specificity, choice of delivery vehicle, potency of the delivered material, and delivery route. Most importantly for therapeutic purposes, these strategies are being thoroughly tested to ensure safety of the delivery system and the delivered genetic material. This review focuses on the development of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) as one of the most valuable cardiac gene transfer agents available today. Various forms of rAAV have been used to deliver "pre-event" cardiac protection and to temper the severity of hypertrophy, cardiac ischemia, or infarct size. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have also been functional delivery tools for cardiac gene expression knockdown studies and successfully improving the cardiac aspects of several metabolic and neuromuscular diseases. Viral capsid manipulations along with the development of tissue-specific and regulated promoters have greatly increased the utility of rAAV-mediated gene transfer. Important clinical studies are currently underway to evaluate AAV-based cardiac gene delivery in humans.
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Methods in cardiomyocyte isolation, culture, and gene transfer. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:288-98. [PMID: 21723873 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since techniques for cardiomyocyte isolation were first developed 35 years ago, experiments on single myocytes have yielded great insight into their cellular and sub-cellular physiology. These studies have employed a broad range of techniques including electrophysiology, calcium imaging, cell mechanics, immunohistochemistry and protein biochemistry. More recently, techniques for cardiomyocyte culture have gained additional importance with the advent of gene transfer technology. While such studies require a high quality cardiomyocyte population, successful cell isolation and maintenance during culture remain challenging. In this review, we describe methods for the isolation of adult and neonatal ventricular myocytes from rat and mouse heart. This discussion outlines general principles for the beginner, but also provides detailed specific protocols and advice for common caveats. We additionally review methods for short-term myocyte culture, with particular attention given to the importance of substrate and media selection, and describe time-dependent alterations in myocyte physiology that should be anticipated. Gene transfer techniques for neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes are also reviewed, including methods for transfection (liposome, electroporation) and viral-based gene delivery.
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Copaja M, Venegas D, Aránguiz P, Canales J, Vivar R, Catalán M, Olmedo I, Rodríguez AE, Chiong M, Leyton L, Lavandero S, Díaz-Araya G. Simvastatin induces apoptosis by a Rho-dependent mechanism in cultured cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 255:57-64. [PMID: 21651924 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several clinical trials have shown the beneficial effects of statins in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Additionally, statins promote apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells, in renal tubular epithelial cells and also in a variety of cell lines; yet, the effects of statins on cardiac fibroblast and myofibroblast, primarily responsible for cardiac tissue healing are almost unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of simvastatin on cardiac fibroblast and myofibroblast viability and studied the molecular cell death mechanism triggered by simvastatin in both cell types. METHODS Rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts were treated with simvastatin (0.1-10μM) up to 72h. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by trypan blue exclusion method and by flow cytometry, respectively. Caspase-3 activation and Rho protein levels and activity were also determined by Western blot and pull-down assay, respectively. RESULTS Simvastatin induces caspase-dependent apoptosis of cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with greater effects on fibroblasts than myofibroblasts. These effects were prevented by mevalonate, farnesylpyrophosphate and geranylgeranylpyrophosphate, but not squalene. These last results suggest that apoptosis was dependent on small GTPases of the Rho family rather than Ras. CONCLUSION Simvastatin triggered apoptosis of cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts by a mechanism independent of cholesterol synthesis, but dependent of isoprenilation of Rho protein. Additionally, cardiac fibroblasts were more susceptible to simvastatin-induced apoptosis than cardiac myofibroblasts. Thus simvastatin could avoid adverse cardiac remodeling leading to a less fibrotic repair of the damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Copaja
- Centro FONDAP Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Bish LT, Sweeney HL, Müller OJ, Bekeredjian R. Adeno-associated virus vector delivery to the heart. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 807:219-237. [PMID: 22034032 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-370-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac gene transfer may serve as a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of heart disease. For it to reach its full potential, methods for highly efficient cardiac gene transfer must be available to investigators so that informative preclinical data can be collected and evaluated. We have recently optimized AAV-mediated cardiac gene transfer protocols in both the mouse and rat. In the mouse, we have developed a procedure for intrapericardial delivery of vector in the neonate and successfully applied intravenous injections in adult animals. In the rat, we have developed a procedure for direct injection of vector into the myocardium in adults and established a protocol for vector delivery into the left ventricular anterior wall by ultrasound-targeted destruction of microbubbles loaded with AAV. Each protocol can be used to achieve safe and efficient cardiac gene transfer in the model of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence T Bish
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Keene AM, Balasubramanian R, Lloyd J, Shainberg A, Jacobson KA. Multivalent dendrimeric and monomeric adenosine agonists attenuate cell death in HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes expressing the A(3) receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:188-96. [PMID: 20346920 PMCID: PMC2880883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent dendrimeric conjugates of GPCR ligands may have increased potency or selectivity in comparison to monomeric ligands, a phenomenon that was tested in a model of cytoprotection in mouse HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Quantitative RT-PCR indicated high expression levels of endogenous A(1) and A(2A) adenosine receptors (ARs), but not of A(2B) and A(3)ARs. Activation of the heterologously expressed human A(3)AR in HL-1 cells by AR agonists significantly attenuated cell damage following 4h exposure to H(2)O(2) (750 microM) but not in untransfected cells. The A(3) agonist IB-MECA (EC(50) 3.8 microM) and the non-selective agonist NECA (EC(50) 3.9 microM) protected A(3) AR-transfected cells against H(2)O(2) in a concentration-dependent manner, as determined by lactate dehydrogenase release. A generation 5.5 PAMAM (polyamidoamine) dendrimeric conjugate of a N(6)-chain-functionalized adenosine agonist was synthesized and its mass indicated an average of 60 amide-linked nucleoside moieties out of 256 theoretical attachment sites. It non-selectively activated the A(3)AR to inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation (IC(50) 66nM) and, similarly, protected A(3)-transfected HL-1 cells from apoptosis-inducing H(2)O(2) with greater potency (IC(50) 35nM) than monomeric nucleosides. Thus, a PAMAM conjugate retained AR binding affinity and displayed greatly enhanced cardioprotective potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena M. Keene
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810 USA
| | - Ramachandran Balasubramanian
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810 USA
| | - John Lloyd
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810 USA
| | - Asher Shainberg
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810 USA
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Akki A, Zhang M, Murdoch C, Brewer A, Shah AM. NADPH oxidase signaling and cardiac myocyte function. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 47:15-22. [PMID: 19374908 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase family of enzymes has emerged as a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is important in diverse cellular functions including anti-microbial defence, inflammation and redox signaling. Of the five known NADPH oxidase isoforms, several are expressed in cardiovascular cells where they are involved in physiological and pathological processes such as the regulation of vascular tone, cell growth, migration, proliferation, hypertrophy, apoptosis and matrix deposition. This article reviews current knowledge regarding the role of NADPH oxidases in cardiomyocyte function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Akki
- Department of Cardiology, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
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Wang Y, Sun A, Xue J, Feng C, Li J, Wu J. Bone marrow derived stromal cells modified by adenovirus-mediated HIF-1alpha double mutant protect cardiac myocytes against CoCl2-induced apoptosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:1069-75. [PMID: 19520152 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow derived stromal cells (MSCs) can prevent the apoptosis of ischemic cardiomyocytes (CMCs). This anti-apoptosis activity may be related to an activation of the HIF-1alpha signal pathway in MSCs. Therefore, we investigated protective effects of an adenovirus (Ad)-mediated active form of HIF-1alpha (HIF-1alpha-Ala564-Ala803) modified MSCs on CMCs against CoCl(2)-induced apoptosis. At normoxia, pAd-HIF1alpha-Ala564-Ala803 exhibited a stable HIF-1alpha protein expression in MSCs. Compared with the single CMC culture, the TGF-beta1 level and the Bcl-2 expression were significantly increased, concomitant with a reduced expression of caspase-3, the LDH release and TUNEL-positive CMCs in CMC and MSC, beta-galactosidase (LacZ)-MSC or HIF-1alpha-Ala564-Ala803-MSC coculture exposed to CoCl(2). Furthermore, these effects were more prominent in CMC and HIF-1alpha-Ala564-Ala803-MSC coculture than in CMC and MSC or LacZ-MSC coculture exposed to CoCl(2). Pre-transfection of TGF-beta1-small interfering RNA (siRNA) effectively inhibited the TGF-beta1 level, resulting in a dramatic reduction in the Bcl-2 expression as well as an increased level of apoptosis in CMC and HIF-1alpha-Ala564-Ala803-MSC coculture exposure to CoCl(2), whereas pre-transfection of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-siRNA had no such effects. These data suggest that HIF1alpha-Ala564-Ala803 modified MSCs have better protective effects of CMCs against the CoCl(2)-induced apoptosis and these protective effects are at least partly TGF-beta1-mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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