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Wang W, Tang G, Cortes JE, Liu H, Ai D, Yin CC, Li S, Khoury JD, Bueso-Ramos C, Medeiros LJ, Hu S. Chromosomal rearrangement involving 11q23 locus in chronic myelogenous leukemia: a rare phenomenon frequently associated with disease progression and poor prognosis. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:32. [PMID: 25888368 PMCID: PMC4396174 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progression of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is frequently accompanied by cytogenetic evolution, commonly unbalanced chromosomal changes, such as an extra copy of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), +8, and i(17)(q10). Balanced chromosomal translocations typically found in de novo acute myeloid leukemia occur occasionally in CML, such as inv(3)/t(3;3), t(8;21), t(15;17), and inv(16). Translocations involving the 11q23, a relatively common genetic abnormality in acute leukemia, have been seldom reported in CML. In this study, we explored the prevalence and prognostic role of 11q23 in CML. Methods We searched our pathology archives for CML cases diagnosed in our institution from 1998 to present. Cases with 11q23 rearrangements were retrieved. The corresponding clinicopathological data were reviewed. Results A total of 2,012 cases of CML with available karyotypes were identified. Ten (0.5%) CML cases had 11q23 rearrangement in Ph-positive cells, including 4 cases of t(9;11), 2 cases of t(11;19), and 1 case each of t(2;11), t(4;11), t(6;11), and t(4;9;11). Eight cases (80%) had other concurrent chromosomal abnormalities. There were 6 men and 4 women with a median age of 50 years (range, 21–70 years) at time of initial diagnosis of CML. 11q23 rearrangement occurred after a median period of 12.5 months (range, 0–172 months): 1 patient in chronic phase, 2 in accelerated phase, and 7 in blast phase. Eight of ten patients died after a median follow-up of 16.5 months (range, 8–186 months) following the initial diagnosis of CML, and a median of 6.7 months (range, 0.8–16.6 months) after the emergence of 11q23 rearrangement. The remaining two patients had complete remission at the last follow-up, 50.2 and 6.9 months, respectively. In addition, we also identified a case with 11q23/t(11;17) in Ph-negative cells in a patient with a history of CML. MLL involvement was tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 10 cases, and 7 cases (70%) were positive. Conclusions In summary, chromosomal rearrangements involving 11q23 are rare in CML, frequently occurring in blast phase, and are often associated with other cytogenetic abnormalities. These patients had a low response rate to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jorge E Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Di Ai
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - C Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Joseph D Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Carlos Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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McCormick SR, Higgins RR, Grutkoski PS, Bousquet M, Quelen C, Bartholomaus LM, Brousset P. Myeloid neoplasm with translocation t(2;11)(p21;q23-24), elevated microRNA 125b-1, and JAK2 exon 12 mutation. Br J Haematol 2014; 169:290-3. [PMID: 25316507 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Zámečníkova A. Acquisition of mixed lineage leukemia rearrangement in a chronic myeloid leukemia patient while on imatinib. Hematol Rep 2012; 3:e13. [PMID: 22184534 PMCID: PMC3238483 DOI: 10.4081/hr.2011.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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4
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Abstract
MicroRNA miR-125b has been implicated in several kinds of leukemia. The chromosomal translocation t(2;11)(p21;q23) found in patients with myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia leads to an overexpression of miR-125b of up to 90-fold normal. Moreover, miR-125b is also up-regulated in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia carrying the t(11;14)(q24;q32) translocation. To decipher the presumed oncogenic mechanism of miR-125b, we used transplantation experiments in mice. All mice transplanted with fetal liver cells ectopically expressing miR-125b showed an increase in white blood cell count, in particular in neutrophils and monocytes, associated with a macrocytic anemia. Among these mice, half died of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or a myeloproliferative neoplasm, suggesting an important role for miR-125b in early hematopoiesis. Furthermore, coexpression of miR-125b and the BCR-ABL fusion gene in transplanted cells accelerated the development of leukemia in mice, compared with control mice expressing only BCR-ABL, suggesting that miR-125b confers a proliferative advantage to the leukemic cells. Thus, we show that overexpression of miR-125b is sufficient both to shorten the latency of BCR-ABL-induced leukemia and to independently induce leukemia in a mouse model.
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Chromosome abnormalities additional to the Philadelphia chromosome at the diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia: pathogenetic and prognostic implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 199:76-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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t(5;6;12) associated with resistance to imatinib mesylate in chronic myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol 2009; 89:508-512. [PMID: 19322630 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-009-0275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A patient with t(9;22)-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) developed a resistance to therapy with imatinib mesylate (Glivec) which coincided with the appearance of t(5;6;12) in the same cells with t(9;22) [46,XX,t(5;6;12)(q14?;q21?;q23?),t(9;22)(q34;q11)]. She remains in a continuous chronic phase of CML. This is the first reported instance of karyotype evolution temporally associated, and possibly involved, with the induction of resistance to imatinib mesylate but without any signs of evolution of leukemia toward a more anaplastic and aggressive form.
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7
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Deininger MWN, Cortes J, Paquette R, Park B, Hochhaus A, Baccarani M, Stone R, Fischer T, Kantarjian H, Niederwieser D, Gambacorti-Passerini C, So C, Gathmann I, Goldman JM, Smith D, Druker BJ, Guilhot F. The prognosis for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who have clonal cytogenetic abnormalities in philadelphia chromosome-negative cells. Cancer 2007; 110:1509-19. [PMID: 17702093 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities (CCA) were detected in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative cells in some patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who attained a cytogenetic response to imatinib mesylate. In some patients, CCA/Ph-negative status was associated with myelodysplasia or acute myeloid leukemia. The objective of the current study was to determine the prognostic impact of CCA/Ph-negative cells. METHODS The authors compared the pretherapeutic risk factors (Kruskall-Wallis test), exposure to cytotoxic drugs (chi-square test), and overall and progression-free survival (Kaplan-Meyer and logistic regression analysis, respectively) of 515 patients with mostly chronic-phase CML who were treated with imatinib mesylate after failure of interferon-alpha according to whether they attained a major cytogenetic response (MCR) (n = 324 patients), an MCR with CCA/Ph-negative status (n = 30 patients), or no MCR (n = 161 patients). RESULTS CCA/Ph-negative status most frequently involved chromosomes Y, 8, and 7. No significant differences in pretherapeutic risk factors were detected between patients who attained an MCR with and without CCA/Ph-negative cells, except that exposure to alkylating agents was more frequent in patients with CCA/Ph-negative cells, and overall and progression-free survival were identical. With a median follow-up of 51 months, only 2 patients developed myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). CONCLUSIONS The overall prognosis for patients who had CML with CCA/Ph-negative status was good and was driven by the CML response to imatinib mesylate. Isolated CCA/Ph-negative cells in the absence of morphologic evidence of MDS do not justify a change in therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Chi-Square Distribution
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chronic Disease
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/mortality
- Logistic Models
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/chemically induced
- Neutropenia/chemically induced
- Piperazines/adverse effects
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Prognosis
- Pyrimidines/adverse effects
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Thrombocytopenia/chemically induced
- Treatment Failure
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W N Deininger
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
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Quintás-Cardama A, Kantarjian H, Abruzzo LV, Cortes J. Extramedullary BCR-ABL1-negative myeloid leukemia in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia and synchronous cytogenetic abnormalities in Philadelphia-positive and -negative clones during imatinib therapy. Leukemia 2007; 21:2394-6. [PMID: 17690707 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Otero L, Moellmann AC, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS, Ornellas MH, Pires V, Bouzas LF, Fernandez TDS. Additional t(1;11)(q21;q23) with mixed lineage leukemia rearrangement in T-blastic crisis of a Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2007; 79:179-81. [PMID: 17608714 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2007.00884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Acar K, Sucak GT, Yağci M, Tunca Y, Haznedar R. Translocation (2;11)(p21;q23) in a patient with polycythemia vera: a novel clonal chromosome abnormality. Am J Hematol 2006; 81:891. [PMID: 16804938 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.20611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Lin Y, Bruyère H, Horsman DE, Pantzar T, Barnett MJ, Hogge DE, Nevill TJ, Nantel SH, Sutherland HJ, Toze CL, Shepherd JD, Lavoie JC, Song KW, Smith CA, Forrest DL. Philadelphia-negative clonal hematopoiesis following imatinib therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: a report of nine cases and analysis of predictive factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 170:16-23. [PMID: 16965950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2006.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There are increasing reports of Philadelphia-negative (Ph-negative) clonal hematopoiesis developing among patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with imatinib mesylate (IM). To establish the incidence and significance of these chromosomal abnormalities, we analyzed data on 141 consecutive patients with CML treated with IM at the British Columbia Cancer Agency and Vancouver General Hospital from 1999 to 2004. The cumulative incidence of developing a Ph-negative clone three years from the start of IM was 8.7% at a median of 13.3 months. The Ph-negative clonal abnormalities included monosomy 7 and/or trisomy 8 (seven patients), monosomy for chromosomes X and 22 (one patient), and a (12;16) translocation (one patient). Two of the patients presented with the same chromosomal abnormality in both Ph-negative and Ph-positive cells. None of the Ph-negative clonal abnormalities was associated with myelodysplasia. In a multivariate analysis, an interval from diagnosis to initiation of IM of 1 year or less was associated with an increased risk of developing a Ph-negative clone (relative risk = 20.2; P = 0.025). There was no difference, however, in event-free survival between patients who did and did not develop Ph-negative clones. Therefore, while the development of Ph-negative clonal hematopoiesis in patients with CML treated with IM is uncommon, it appears to be more frequent than that previously seen with IFN, but it does not seem to confer a worse prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Female
- Hematopoiesis
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Lin
- The Leukemia/BMT Program of British Columbia, the Division of Hematology, 950 West 10th Avenue, Room 3300, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E3, Canada
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12
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Donti E, Zaccaria A, Bassetti A, Venti G, Giannini B, Prontera P, Bianchi E, Valenti A, Saglio G, Liberati AM. Occurrence of the same chromosome abnormalities in Ph+and Ph?cells in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Evidence of a secondary origin of the Ph chromosome? Br J Haematol 2006; 135:265-6. [PMID: 16956349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Patchenko P, Klepfish A, Trakhtenbrot L, Rothman R, Rachmilewitz EA. Reciprocal relationship between a Ph-negative clone with trisomy 8 associated with severe myelodysplasia and a Ph-positive clone following imatinib treatment in a patient with accelerated-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Am J Hematol 2004; 77:420. [PMID: 15558793 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.20226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
MESH Headings
- Benzamides
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Accelerated Phase/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Accelerated Phase/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Accelerated Phase/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/etiology
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Piperazines/adverse effects
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/adverse effects
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Trisomy/genetics
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14
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Hochhaus A, La Rosée P. Imatinib therapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia: strategies to avoid and overcome resistance. Leukemia 2004; 18:1321-31. [PMID: 15215876 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib is a molecularly targeted therapy that inhibits the oncogenic fusion protein BCR-ABL, the tyrosine kinase involved in the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Selective inhibition of BCR-ABL activity by imatinib has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of CML, particularly in chronic phase. Some patients, however, primarily those with advanced disease, are either refractory to imatinib or eventually relapse. Relapse with imatinib frequently depends not only on re-emergence of BCR-ABL kinase activity but may also indicate BCR-ABL-independent disease progression not amenable to imatinib inhibition. Results from phase 2/3 trials suggest that rates of resistance and relapse correlate with the stage of disease and with the monitoring parameters--hematologic, cytogenetic and molecular response. These observations and more recent trials with imatinib, combined with insights provided by an increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms of resistance, have established the rationale for strategies to avoid and overcome imatinib resistance in the management of CML patients. To prevent resistance, early diagnosis and prompt treatment with appropriate initial dosing is essential. Management of resistance may include therapeutic strategies such as dose escalation to achieve individual optimal levels, combination therapy, as well as treatment interruption.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Cytogenetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Neoplasm, Residual/diagnosis
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hochhaus
- III Medizinische Klinik, Fakultät für Klinische Medizin Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
Several recent scientific and technical developments have made it possible to postulate the use of the 'magic bullet' concept; that is, the identification of specific antigens present on tumor cells that can be targeted either by therapeutic antibodies or by small molecules. The use of monoclonal antibodies in cancer, in particular, has moved beyond the proof-of-concept stage, and many such antibodies are presently being tested in the clinic. Several antibodies have been successfully developed and are now in use against various cancers, and we can expect many more to become available in the next few years. The use and development of these new therapeutics represent significant opportunities but also new challenges.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzamides
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Drug Therapy
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genes, abl/physiology
- Genes, erbB-2/physiology
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Integrins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Metalloproteases/metabolism
- Neoplasm Metastasis/drug therapy
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Rituximab
- Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Trastuzumab
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantea Houshmand
- Neurocrine Biosciences, 10555 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Mauro MJ, Loriaux M, Deininger MW. Ph-positive and -negative myeloproliferative syndromes may co-exist. Leukemia 2004; 18:1305-7. [PMID: 15103389 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
MESH Headings
- Bone Marrow Examination
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/pathology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/diagnosis
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/pathology
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17
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Alimena G, Breccia M, Mancini M, Ferranti G, De Felice L, Gallucci C, Mandelli F. Clonal evolution in Philadelphia chromosome negative cells following successful treatment with Imatinib of a CML patient: clinical and biological features of a myelodysplastic syndrome. Leukemia 2003; 18:361-2. [PMID: 14614517 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
MESH Headings
- Benzamides
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/chemically induced
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/chemically induced
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/etiology
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Piperazines/adverse effects
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/adverse effects
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Trisomy
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