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Rabino A, Awadia S, Ali N, Edson A, Garcia-Mata R. The Scribble/SGEF/Dlg1 complex regulates the stability of apical junctions in epithelial cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586884. [PMID: 38585765 PMCID: PMC10996629 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
SGEF, a RhoG specific GEF, can form a ternary complex with the Scribble polarity complex proteins Scribble and Dlg1, which regulates the formation and maintenance of adherens junctions and barrier function of epithelial cells. Notably, silencing SGEF results in a dramatic downregulation of the expression of both E-cadherin and ZO-1. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of this pathway are not known. Here, we describe a novel signaling pathway governed by the Scribble/SGEF/Dlg1 complex. Our results show that an intact ternary complex is required to maintain the stability of the apical junctions, the expression of ZO-1, and TJ permeability. In contrast, only SGEF is necessary to regulate E-cadherin expression. The absence of SGEF destabilizes the E-cadherin/catenin complex at the membrane, triggering a positive feedback loop that exacerbates the phenotype through the repression of E-cadherin transcription in a process that involves the internalization of E-cadherin by endocytosis, β-catenin signaling and the transcriptional repressor Slug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Rabino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sahezeel Awadia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Nabaa Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Amber Edson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Rafael Garcia-Mata
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Kuburich NA, Sabapathy T, Demestichas BR, Maddela JJ, den Hollander P, Mani SA. Proactive and reactive roles of TGF-β in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 95:120-139. [PMID: 37572731 PMCID: PMC10530624 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells adapt to varying stress conditions to survive through plasticity. Stem cells exhibit a high degree of plasticity, allowing them to generate more stem cells or differentiate them into specialized cell types to contribute to tissue development, growth, and repair. Cancer cells can also exhibit plasticity and acquire properties that enhance their survival. TGF-β is an unrivaled growth factor exploited by cancer cells to gain plasticity. TGF-β-mediated signaling enables carcinoma cells to alter their epithelial and mesenchymal properties through epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). However, TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine; thus, the signaling by TGF-β can be detrimental or beneficial to cancer cells depending on the cellular context. Those cells that overcome the anti-tumor effect of TGF-β can induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to gain EMP benefits. EMP allows cancer cells to alter their cell properties and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), facilitating their survival. Due to the significant roles of TGF-β and EMP in carcinoma progression, it is essential to understand how TGF-β enables EMP and how cancer cells exploit this plasticity. This understanding will guide the development of effective TGF-β-targeting therapies that eliminate cancer cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick A Kuburich
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Thiru Sabapathy
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Breanna R Demestichas
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Joanna Joyce Maddela
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Petra den Hollander
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Olbertová K, Hrčkulák D, Kříž V, Jesionek W, Kubovčiak J, Ešner M, Kořínek V, Buchtová M. Role of LGR5-positive mesenchymal cells in craniofacial development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:810527. [PMID: 36133922 PMCID: PMC9484000 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.810527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine Rich Repeat Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 (LGR5), a Wnt pathway member, has been previously recognised as a stem cell marker in numerous epithelial tissues. In this study, we used Lgr5-EGFP-CreERT2 mice to analyse the distribution of LGR5-positive cells during craniofacial development. LGR5 expressing cells were primarily located in the mesenchyme adjacent to the craniofacial epithelial structures undergoing folding, such as the nasopharyngeal duct, lingual groove, and vomeronasal organ. To follow the fate of LGR5-positive cells, we performed lineage tracing using an inducible Cre knock-in allele in combination with Rosa26-tdTomato reporter mice. The slight expansion of LGR5-positive cells was found around the vomeronasal organ, in the nasal cavity, and around the epithelium in the lingual groove. However, most LGR5 expressing cells remained in their original location, possibly supporting their signalling function for adjacent epithelium rather than exerting their role as progenitor cells for the craniofacial structures. Moreover, Lgr5 knockout mice displayed distinct defects in LGR5-positive areas, especially in the reduction of the nasopharyngeal duct, the alteration of the palatal shelves shape, abnormal epithelial folding in the lingual groove area, and the disruption of salivary gland development. The latter defect manifested as an atypical number and localisation of the glandular ducts. The gene expression of several Wnt pathway members (Rspo1-3, Axin2) was altered in Lgr5-deficient animals. However, the difference was not found in sorted EGFP-positive cells obtained from Lgr5+/+ and Lgr5−/− animals. Expression profiling of LGR5-positive cells revealed the expression of several markers of mesenchymal cells, antagonists, as well as agonists, of Wnt signalling, and molecules associated with the basal membrane. Therefore, LGR5-positive cells in the craniofacial area represent a very specific population of mesenchymal cells adjacent to the epithelium undergoing folding or groove formation. Our results indicate a possible novel role of LGR5 in the regulation of morphogenetic processes during the formation of complex epithelial structures in the craniofacial areas, a role which is not related to the stem cell properties of LGR5-positive cells as was previously defined for various epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Olbertová
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Dušan Hrčkulák
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vítězslav Kříž
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Wojciech Jesionek
- Cellular Imaging Core Facility, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Kubovčiak
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Milan Ešner
- Cellular Imaging Core Facility, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Kořínek
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marcela Buchtová
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Marcela Buchtová,
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Kim CH, Kim DE, Kim DH, Min GH, Park JW, Kim YB, Sung CK, Yim H. Mitotic protein kinase-driven crosstalk of machineries for mitosis and metastasis. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:414-425. [PMID: 35379935 PMCID: PMC9076678 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that mitotic protein kinases are involved in metastatic migration as well as tumorigenesis. Protein kinases and cytoskeletal proteins play a role in the efficient release of metastatic cells from a tumor mass in the tumor microenvironment, in addition to playing roles in mitosis. Mitotic protein kinases, including Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and Aurora kinases, have been shown to be involved in metastasis in addition to cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, depending on the phosphorylation status and cellular context. Although the genetic programs underlying mitosis and metastasis are different, the same protein kinases and cytoskeletal proteins can participate in both mitosis and cell migration/invasion, resulting in migratory tumors. Cytoskeletal remodeling supports several cellular events, including cell division, movement, and migration. Thus, understanding the contributions of cytoskeletal proteins to the processes of cell division and metastatic motility is crucial for developing efficient therapeutic tools to treat cancer metastases. Here, we identify mitotic kinases that function in cancer metastasis as well as tumorigenesis. Several mitotic kinases, namely, PLK1, Aurora kinases, Rho-associated protein kinase 1, and integrin-linked kinase, are considered in this review, as an understanding of the shared machineries between mitosis and metastasis could be helpful for developing new strategies to treat cancer. Improving understanding of the mechanisms linking cell division and cancer spread (metastasis) could provide novel strategies for treatment. A group of enzymes involved in cell division (mitosis) are also thought to play critical roles in the spread of cancers. Hyungshin Yim at Hanyang University in Ansan, South Korea, and co-workers in Korea and the USA reviewed the roles of several mitotic enzymes that are connected with metastasis as well as tumorigenesis. They discussed how these enzymes modify cytoskeletal proteins and other substrates during cancer progression. Some regulatory control of cell cytoskeletal structures is required for cancer cells to metastasize. Recent research has uncovered crosstalk between mitotic enzymes and metastatic cytoskeletal molecules in various cancers. Targeting mitotic enzymes and the ways they influence cytoskeletal mechanisms could provide valuable therapeutic strategies for suppressing metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Korea
| | - Da-Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Korea
| | - Dae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Korea
| | - Ga-Hong Min
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Korea
| | - Jung-Won Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Korea
| | - Yeo-Bin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Korea
| | - Chang K Sung
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, 78363, USA
| | - Hyungshin Yim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Korea.
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Almasabi S, Ahmed AU, Boyd R, Williams BRG. A Potential Role for Integrin-Linked Kinase in Colorectal Cancer Growth and Progression via Regulating Senescence and Immunity. Front Genet 2021; 12:638558. [PMID: 34163519 PMCID: PMC8216764 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.638558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) has been implicated as a molecular driver and mediator in both inflammation and tumorigenesis of the colon. ILK functions as an adaptor and mediator protein linking the extracellular matrix with downstream signaling pathways. ILK is broadly expressed in many human tissues and cells. It is also overexpressed in many cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Inflammation, as evidenced by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is one of the highest risk factors for initiating CRC. This has led to the hypothesis that targeting ILK therapeutically could have potential in CRC, as it regulates different cellular processes associated with CRC development and progression as well as inflammation in the colon. A number of studies have indicated an ILK function in senescence, a cellular process that arrests the cell cycle while maintaining active metabolism and transcription. Senescent cells produce different secretions collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP secretions influence infiltration of different immune cells, either positively for clearing senescent cells or negatively for promoting tumor growth, reflecting the dual role of senescence in cancer. However, a role for ILK in senescence and immunity in CRC remains to be determined. In this review, we discuss the possible role for ILK in senescence and immunity, paying particular attention to the relevance of ILK in CRC. We also examine how activating Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their agonists in CRC could trigger immune responses against cancer, as a combination therapy with ILK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Almasabi
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cartherics, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Afsar U Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Boyd
- Cartherics, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bryan R G Williams
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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6
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Huang Y, Gao J, Zhou Y, Wu S, Shao Y, Xue H, Shen B, Ding L, Wei Z. Therapeutic effect of integrin-linked kinase gene-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for streptozotocin-induced diabetic cystopathy in a rat model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:278. [PMID: 32650831 PMCID: PMC7350700 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic cystopathy (DCP) is a chronic complication of diabetes mainly within the submucosal and muscular layers of the bladder due to the hyperglycemia-induced ischemia. As no effective therapies are currently available, the administration of optimized mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provides a potential treatment of DCP. Thus far, new strategy, such as genetic modification of MSCs, has been developed and has shown promising outcomes of various disorders. Methods This study was conducted using integrin-linked kinase (ILK) gene-modified bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) for streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cystopathy in a rat model. In total, 68 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups: sham control (control group, n = 10); DCP model alone (DM group, n = 10); DCP rats intravenously treated with BMSCs (BMSC group, n = 16); DCP rats accepted adenoviral vector-infected BMSCs (Ad-null-BMSC group, n = 16) and DCP rats accepted ILK adenoviral vector-infected BMSCs (Ad-ILK-BMSC group, n = 16). Diabetic rats accepted cell transplantation in the experimental group (2 rats per group) were sacrificed for the bladder tissue on the third day, 7th day, and 14th day of treatment respectively ahead of schedule. At 4 weeks after treatment, all rats in five groups accepted urodynamic studies to evaluate bladder function and were sacrificed for bladder tissue. Results Our data showed that the underactive bladder function was significantly improved in DCP rats intravenously treated with ILK gene-modified BMSCs compared to those in the DM, BMSCs, and Ad-null-BMSC group. Meanwhile, we found that gene-modified BMSC treatment significantly promoted the activation of the AKT/GSK-3β pathway by increasing phosphorylation and led to the enhancement of survival. In addition, the expression levels of angiogenesis-related protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) were significantly higher in the Ad-ILK-BMSC group than that in the DM, BMSCs, and Ad-null-BMSC group as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot. As two indicators of vascular endothelial cell markers, the expression of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and CD31 by western blot and immunofluorescent staining revealed that the percentage of the vascular area of the bladder tissue significantly increased in Ad-ILK-BMSC group compared with the BMSCs and Ad-null-BMSC group on the 14th day of treatment. Histological and immunohistochemical staining (hematoxylin and eosin (HE), vWF, Ki67, and TUNNEL) on the bladder tissue revealed statistically different results between groups. Conclusion ILK gene-modified BMSCs restored the bladder function and histological construction via promoting the process of angiogenesis and protecting cells from high glucose-associated apoptosis in STZ-induced DCP rat model, which provides a potential for the treatment of patients with DCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, No.121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 21000, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, No.121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 21000, China
| | - Yiduo Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, No.121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 21000, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, No.121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 21000, China
| | - Yunpeng Shao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, No.121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 21000, China
| | - Haoliang Xue
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, No.121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 21000, China.,Department of Urology, Jiangdu People's Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Baixin Shen
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, No.121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 21000, China
| | - Liucheng Ding
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, No.121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 21000, China.
| | - Zhongqing Wei
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, No.121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 21000, China.
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Rothe K, Babaian A, Nakamichi N, Chen M, Chafe SC, Watanabe A, Forrest DL, Mager DL, Eaves CJ, Dedhar S, Jiang X. Integrin-Linked Kinase Mediates Therapeutic Resistance of Quiescent CML Stem Cells to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:110-124.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Vargas DA, Heck T, Smeets B, Ramon H, Parameswaran H, Van Oosterwyck H. Intercellular Adhesion Stiffness Moderates Cell Decoupling as a Function of Substrate Stiffness. Biophys J 2020; 119:243-257. [PMID: 32621867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions is complex yet necessary for the formation and healthy functioning of tissues. The same mechanosensing mechanisms used by the cell to sense its extracellular matrix also play a role in intercellular interactions. We used the discrete element method to develop a computational model of a deformable cell that includes subcellular components responsible for mechanosensing. We modeled a three-dimensional cell pair on a patterned (two-dimensional) substrate, a simple laboratory setup to study intercellular interactions. We explicitly modeled focal adhesions and adherens junctions. These mechanosensing adhesions matured, becoming stabilized by force. We also modeled contractile stress fibers that bind the discrete adhesions. The mechanosensing fibers strengthened upon stalling. Traction exerted on the substrate was used to generate traction maps (along the cell-substrate interface). These simulated maps are compared to experimental maps obtained via traction force microscopy. The model recreates the dependence on substrate stiffness of the tractions' spatial distribution, contractile moment of the cell pair, intercellular force, and number of focal adhesions. It also recreates the phenomenon of cell decoupling, in which cells exert forces separately when substrate stiffness increases. More importantly, the model provides viable molecular explanations for decoupling: mechanosensing mechanisms are responsible for competition between different fiber-adhesion configurations present in the cell pair. The point at which an increasing substrate stiffness becomes as high as that of the cell-cell interface is the tipping point at which configurations that favor cell-substrate adhesion dominate over those favoring cell-cell adhesion. This competition is responsible for decoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Vargas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C, Leuven, Brabant, Belgium
| | - Tommy Heck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C, Leuven, Brabant, Belgium
| | - Bart Smeets
- Mechatronics Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Leuven, Brabant, Belgium
| | - Herman Ramon
- Mechatronics Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Leuven, Brabant, Belgium
| | | | - Hans Van Oosterwyck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C, Leuven, Brabant, Belgium; Prometheus: Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Brabant, Belgium.
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Crosstalk between Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors (EGFR) and integrins in resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in solid tumors. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151083. [PMID: 32381360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is important in a variety of physiological and pathologic processes, including development, tumor invasion, and metastasis. Integrin-mediated attachment to ECM proteins has emerged to cue events primitively important for the transformed phenotype of human cancer cells. Cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors takes an increasingly prominent role in defining adhesion, motility, and cell growth. This functional interaction has expanded beyond to link integrins with resistance to Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors (EGFRs). In this regard, integrin-mediated adhesion has two separate functions one as a clear collaborator with growth factor receptor signaling and the second as a basic mechanism contributing in Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) which affects response to chemotherapy. This review provides an overview of these mechanisms and describes treatment options for selectively targeting and disrupting integrin interaction to EGFR for cancer therapy.
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Integrin-linked kinase controls retinal angiogenesis and is linked to Wnt signaling and exudative vitreoretinopathy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5243. [PMID: 31748531 PMCID: PMC6868140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a human disease characterized by defective retinal angiogenesis and associated complications that can result in vision loss. Defective Wnt/β-catenin signaling is an established cause of FEVR, whereas other molecular alterations contributing to the disease remain insufficiently understood. Here, we show that integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a mediator of cell-matrix interactions, is indispensable for retinal angiogenesis. Inactivation of the murine Ilk gene in postnatal endothelial cells results in sprouting defects, reduced endothelial proliferation and disruption of the blood-retina barrier, resembling phenotypes seen in established mouse models of FEVR. Retinal vascularization defects are phenocopied by inducible inactivation of the gene for α-parvin (Parva), an interactor of ILK. Screening genomic DNA samples from exudative vitreoretinopathy patients identifies three distinct mutations in human ILK, which compromise the function of the gene product in vitro. Together, our data suggest that defective cell-matrix interactions are linked to Wnt signaling and FEVR. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is an important mediator of integrin signaling. Here Park et al. show that mice with endothelial-specific deletion of Ilk develop vascular defects that resemble familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, and identify mutations in ILK in patients with exudative vitreoretinopathy suggesting a potential role in human pathogenesis.
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Tan J, Digicaylioglu M, Wang SX, Dresselhuis J, Dedhar S, Mills J. Insulin attenuates apoptosis in neuronal cells by an integrin-linked kinase-dependent mechanism. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02294. [PMID: 31463398 PMCID: PMC6706370 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin promotes neuronal survival by activating a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)/AKT-dependent signaling pathway and reducing caspase activation. We investigated a role for integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in insulin-mediated cell survival in cultured neurons and differentiated R28 cells. We used a serum and depolarization withdrawal model to induce apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons and a serum withdrawal model to induce apoptosis in differentiated R28 cells. ILK knock-out decreased insulin-mediated protection as did the addition of pharmacological inhibitors of ILK, KP-392 or QLT-0267. Prosurvival effects of insulin were rescued by Boc-Asp (O-methyl)-CH2F (BAF), a pancaspase inhibitor, in the presence of KP-392. Insulin and IGF-1 decreased caspase-3 activation, an effect that was inhibited by KP-392 and QLT-0267. Western blot analysis indicates that insulin-induced stimulation of AKT Ser-473 phosphorylation was decreased after the ILK gene was conditionally knocked-out, following overexpression of AKT-DN or in the presence of QLT-0267. Insulin and IGF-1 stimulated ILK kinase activity in primary neurons and this was inhibited following ILK-DN overexpression. Western blot analysis indicates that insulin exposure upregulated the expression of the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein c-IAP2 in an extracellular matrix-dependent manner, an effect blocked by KP-392. These results indicate that ILK is an important effector in insulin-mediated neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Tan
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Murat Digicaylioglu
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Physiology, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Stacy X.J. Wang
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan Dresselhuis
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julia Mills
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Dicks M, Kock G, Kohl B, Zhong X, Pütz S, Heumann R, Erdmann KS, Stoll R. The binding affinity of PTPN13's tandem PDZ2/3 domain is allosterically modulated. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:23. [PMID: 31286859 PMCID: PMC6615252 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-019-0203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN13, also known as PTP-BL in mice, is a large multi-domain non-transmembrane scaffolding protein with a molecular mass of 270 kDa. It is involved in the regulation of several cellular processes such as cytokinesis and actin-cytoskeletal rearrangement. The modular structure of PTPN13 consists of an N-terminal KIND domain, a FERM domain, and five PDZ domains, followed by a C-terminal protein tyrosine phosphatase domain. PDZ domains are among the most abundant protein modules and they play a crucial role in signal transduction of protein networks. Results Here, we have analysed the binding characteristics of the isolated PDZ domains 2 and 3 from PTPN13 and compared them to the tandem domain PDZ2/3, which interacts with 12 C-terminal residues of the tumour suppressor protein of APC, using heteronuclear multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, we could show for the first time that PRK2 is a weak binding partner of PDZ2 and we demonstrate that the presence of PDZ3 alters the binding affinity of PDZ2 for APC, suggesting an allosteric effect and thereby modulating the binding characteristics of PDZ2. A HADDOCK-based molecular model of the PDZ2/3 tandem domain from PTPN13 supports these results. Conclusions Our study of tandem PDZ2/3 in complex with APC suggests that the interaction of PDZ3 with PDZ2 induces an allosteric modulation within PDZ2 emanating from the back of the domain to the ligand binding site. Thus, the modified binding preference of PDZ2 for APC could be explained by an allosteric effect and provides further evidence for the pivotal function of PDZ2 in the PDZ123 domain triplet within PTPN13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Dicks
- Biomolecular NMR, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gerd Kock
- Biomolecular NMR, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bastian Kohl
- Biomolecular NMR, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Xueyin Zhong
- Biomolecular NMR, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefanie Pütz
- Biomolecular NMR, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rolf Heumann
- Biochemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kai S Erdmann
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
| | - Raphael Stoll
- Biomolecular NMR, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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Zhang Y, Huang W. Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1)-Stimulated Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) Regulates Migration and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of Human Lens Epithelial Cells via Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB). Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7424-7430. [PMID: 30332398 PMCID: PMC6201705 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In view of the high incidence of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and the effects of TGF-β signaling on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human lens epithelial cells (LECs), our study aimed to explore the mechanism of the function of TGF-β signaling in LECs EMT. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human lens epithelial cells (HLEC-h3) were treated with TGF-β, ILK siRNA, ILK inhibitor, and NF-κB inhibitor to study the effects of TGF-β, ILK, and NF-κB on cell migration and EMT. Cell migration assay was used to measure cell migration ability. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of ILK, E-cadherin, and a-SMA at the protein level. QRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of ILK at the mRNA level. RESULTS Compared with control cells, TGF-β treatment increased the expression level of ILK HLEC-h3, promoted migration of HLEC-h3 cells, increased the expression level of E-cadherin protein, and decreased the expression level of a-SMA protein. However, treatment with ILK siRNA, ILK inhibitor, and NF-κB inhibitor reversed the effects of TGF-β on HLEC-h3 cells. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β-stimulated ILK regulates the migration and EMT of human LECs via NF-κB.
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Basu S, Cheriyamundath S, Ben-Ze'ev A. Cell-cell adhesion: linking Wnt/β-catenin signaling with partial EMT and stemness traits in tumorigenesis. F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 30271576 PMCID: PMC6144947 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15782.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in cell adhesion and motility are considered key elements in determining the development of invasive and metastatic tumors. Co-opting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, which is known to occur during embryonic development, and the associated changes in cell adhesion properties in cancer cells are considered major routes for tumor progression. More recent
in vivo studies in tumor tissues and circulating tumor cell clusters suggest a stepwise EMT process rather than an “all-or-none” transition during tumor progression. In this commentary, we addressed the molecular mechanisms underlying the changes in cell adhesion and motility and adhesion-mediated signaling and their relationships to the partial EMT states and the acquisition of stemness traits by cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayon Basu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sanith Cheriyamundath
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avri Ben-Ze'ev
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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15
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Elucidation of interaction mechanism of ellagic acid to the integrin linked kinase. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 122:1297-1304. [PMID: 30227205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a member of Ser/Thr kinase which interacts to the cytoplasmic domain of β-integrins, and thereby induces apoptosis. ILK is considered as potential drug target because it's direct involvement in the tumor progression. Here, we have performed molecular docking followed by 100 ns MD simulation to understand the mechanism of interaction of ILK with the ellagic acid (EA). EA is well known for its antiproliferative and antioxidant properties in cancer cell lines and animal models. We have observed that EA binds to the active site cavity of ILK and causes conformational changes in the ILK structure. The orientation of EA in the active pocket of ILK showed to have least RMSD values and stable. The average binding energy ILK-EA complex calculated during MMPBSA was -191.267 kJ/mol, indicating a relatively strong binding affinity. The actual binding affinity of EA to ILK was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy and Kb and n values were 9.28 μM and 1.9264 (~2), respectively. The IC50 values for EA were 26.22 ± 0.12 μM for MCF-7 and 38.45 ± 2.42 μM for HepG2 cells, estimated by MTT assay. Our findings are helpful to design EA-based novel inhibitors of ILK which have potential to attenuate tumor progression.
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16
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Alasseiri M, Ahmed AU, Williams BRG. Mechanisms and consequences of constitutive activation of integrin-linked kinase in acute myeloid leukemia. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 43:1-7. [PMID: 29903521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) has emerged as a critical adaptor and mediator protein in cell signaling pathways that is commonly deregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This has led to the expectation that therapeutic targeting of ILK may be a useful option in treating leukemia. Although ILK can regulate many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, survival, migration, apoptosis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, its role in promoting AML is still unclear. However, its ability to mediate phosphorylation and regulate the important hematopoietic stem cell regulators protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β supports ILK as an attractive target for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge of ILK signaling and its impact on cytokines, paying particular attention to the relevance of ILK signaling in AML. We also discuss the rationale for targeting ILK in the treatment of AML and conclude with perspectives on the future of ILK-targeted therapy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alasseiri
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afsar U Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Bryan R G Williams
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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Zoppi N, Chiarelli N, Binetti S, Ritelli M, Colombi M. Dermal fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition sustained by αvß3 integrin-ILK-Snail1/Slug signaling is a common feature for hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1010-1023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Tsoumas D, Nikou S, Giannopoulou E, Champeris Tsaniras S, Sirinian C, Maroulis I, Taraviras S, Zolota V, Kalofonos HP, Bravou V. ILK Expression in Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with EMT, Cancer Stem Cell Markers and Chemoresistance. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:127-141. [PMID: 29496692 PMCID: PMC5892607 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSC) are critically implicated in cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. Herein, we investigated integrin-linked kinase (ILK)'s role in human colon cancer (CRC) progression and chemoresistance in relation to EMT and CSC markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Expression of ILK, EMT and CSC markers were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 149 CRC samples. We also generated colon cancer cells resistant to 5-FU and oxaliplatin and studied the effect of ILK inhibition on drug response by MTT assay and on EMT and CSC markers' expression. RESULTS ILK expression in human CRC correlates with EMT and CSC markers and is associated with metastasis and chemoresistance. ILK inhibition increases sensitivity of resistant cells to 5-FU and oxaliplatin and reduces the levels of EMT and CSC markers in 5-FU resistant cells. CONCLUSION ILK overexpression in human CRC associates with EMT and CSC traits, contributing to tumor progression and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsoumas
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Sofia Nikou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Chaido Sirinian
- Clinical Oncology Laboratory, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioannis Maroulis
- Department of Surgery, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Zolota
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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19
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Butler TM, Pater JA, MacPhee DJ. Integrin linked kinase regulates syncytialization of BeWo trophoblast cells. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:673-685. [PMID: 28339614 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.145748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During placental development, mononuclear villous cytotrophoblast cells differentiate and fuse with the overlying syncytiotrophoblast. This process requires the dissolution of E-cadherin (CDH1)-containing adherens junctions in cytotrophoblast. Integrin linked kinase (ILK) can downregulate CDH1 through poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and Snail-1 (SNAI1) during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. ILK is known to be expressed in cytotrophoblast; thus, the role of a potential ILK-PARP1-SNAI1 pathway in aiding trophoblast syncytialization via the downregulation of CDH1 was examined. The spatiotemporal expression of PARP1, SNAI1, and CDH1 were determined in first and early second trimester chorionic villi, term villi, and BeWo cells by immunofluorescence analysis. PARP1 and SNAI1 were highly detectable in villous cytotrophoblast nuclei of human chorionic villi and SNAI1 expression, in particular, also persisted in syncytiotrophoblast. In BeWo cells undergoing syncytialization, PARP1 and SNAI1 increasingly localized to cell nuclei in correlation with decreased CDH1 expression. Using luciferase reporter assays, it was determined that PARP1 and SNAI1 promoter activities were significantly higher in BeWo cells during syncytialization compared to the activities in proliferating cells. Overexpression of wild type or constitutively active ILK also resulted in significantly increased PARP1 and SNAI1 promoter activities while dominant negative ILK overexpression significantly reduced promoter activities. Lastly, siRNA-mediated depletion of ILK expression in BeWo cells undergoing syncytialization resulted in significantly reduced SNAI1 expression and a significant reduction in the incidence of syncytialization correlating with increased CDH1 expression. These results demonstrate that ILK aids trophoblast syncytialization via the downregulation of CDH1, perhaps through an ILK-PARP1-SNAI1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina M Butler
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
| | - Justin A Pater
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Daniel J MacPhee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada.,Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,One Reproductive Health Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Kim DY, Kang MK, Park SH, Lee EJ, Kim YH, Oh H, Choi YJ, Kang YH. Eucalyptol ameliorates Snail1/β-catenin-dependent diabetic disjunction of renal tubular epithelial cells and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106190-106205. [PMID: 29290941 PMCID: PMC5739726 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is an important event in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Under pathologic conditions, renal tubular epithelial cells undergo transition characterized by loss of cell-cell adhesion and increased cell migration. This study investigated that eucalyptol inhibited tubular epithelial cell disjunction and tubulointerstitial fibrosis stimulated by glucose. Human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells were incubated for up to 72 h in media containing 27.5 mM mannitol as osmotic controls or 33 mM glucose in the presence of 1-20 μM eucalyptol. Nontoxic eucalyptol inhibited glucose-induced expression of the mesenchymal markers of N-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin, whereas the induction of E-cadherin was enhanced. Eucalyptol attenuated the induction of connective tissue growth factor and collagen IV by glucose, whereas the membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase expression was enhanced with reducing tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 expression. Oral administration of 10 mg/kg eucalyptol to db/db mice for 8 weeks blunted hyperglycemia and proteinuria. Eucalyptol reversed tissue levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and P-cadherin and the collagen fiber deposition in diabetic kidneys. Eucalyptol attenuated the induction of Snail1, β-catenin and integrin-linked kinase 1 (ILK1) in glucose-exposed tubular cells and diabetic kidneys, and the glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β expression was reversely enhanced. Glucose prompted TGF-β1 production in tubular cells, leading to induction of Snail1, β-catenin and ILK1, which was dampened by eucalyptol. Furthermore, the Snail1 gene deletion encumbered the β-catenin induction in glucose/eucalyptol-treated tubular cells accompanying enhanced GSK-3β expression. Therefore, eucalyptol may antagonize hyperglycemia-induced tubular epithelial derangement and tubulointerstitial fibrosis through blocking ILK1-dependent transcriptional interaction of Snail1/β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyeongjoo Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yean-Jung Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Huang L, Jiang J, Guo Q, Yang H. E‑cadherin involvement in human lens epithelial cell transdifferentiation may be associated with N‑cadherin. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5031-5035. [PMID: 28765930 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin, β-catenin and N‑cadherin serve key roles in the epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) that leads to human lens epithelial cell (LEC) transdifferentiation and subsequent cataract formation. The present study aimed to investigate the role of E‑cadherin in LEC transdifferentiation. SRA01/04 human LECs were transfected with E‑cadherin short interfering (si)RNA (E‑cadherin siRNA group), negative control siRNA (NC group) or the transfection regent Lipofectamine 2000 (blank group). Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) was used to detect mRNA expression levels of E‑cadherin, N‑cadherin and β‑catenin, and western blot analysis was performed to measure the protein expression levels in the three groups. SRA01/04 cells transfected with E‑cadherin siRNA exhibited a significant decrease in the mRNA expression level of E‑cadherin (P<0.05) and N‑cadherin (P<0.05), whereas no significant changes were identified for β‑catenin expression (P>0.05). Consistent with the results of RT‑qPCR, western blotting demonstrated that the protein expression levels of E‑cadherin and N‑cadherin were notably decreased in E‑cadherin siRNA‑transfected cells, whereas the protein expression level of β‑catenin remained unchanged. Results from the present study indicated that E‑cadherin may be involved in human LEC transdifferentiation by affecting N‑cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
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Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of thymosin beta-4 (TB4) involved in regulating hepatic stellate cell (HSC) functions remain unclear. Therefore, we hypothesize that TB4 influences HSC activation through hedgehog (Hh) pathway. HSC functions declined in a TB4 siRNA-treated LX-2. TB4 suppression down-regulated both integrin linked kinase (ILK), an activator of smoothened, and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (pGSK-3B), an inactive form of GSK-3B degrading glioblastoma 2 (GLI2), followed by the decreased expression of both smoothened and GLI2. A TB4 CRISPR also blocked the activation of primary HSCs, with decreased expression of smoothened, GLI2 and ILK compared with cells transfected with nontargeting control CRISPR. Double immunostaining and an immunoprecipitation assay revealed that TB4 interacted with either smoothened at the cytoplasm or GLI2 at the nucleus in LX-2. Smoothened suppression in primary HSCs using a Hh antagonist or adenovirus transduction decreased TB4 expression with the reduced activation of HSCs. Tb4-overexpressing transgenic mice treated with CCl4 were susceptible to the development hepatic fibrosis with higher levels of ILK, pGSK3b, and Hh activity, as compared with wild-type mice. These findings demonstrate that TB4 regulates HSC activation by influencing the activity of Smoothened and GLI2, suggesting TB4 as a novel therapeutic target in liver disease.
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Liu WT, Jing YY, Yu GF, Chen H, Han ZP, Yu DD, Fan QM, Ye F, Li R, Gao L, Zhao QD, Wu MC, Wei LX. Hepatic stellate cell promoted hepatoma cell invasion via the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway regulated by p53. Cell Cycle 2017; 15:886-94. [PMID: 27077227 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1152428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are complex mainly due to heterogeneity of progressive genetic and epigenetic mutations as well as tumor environment. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling pathway is regarded to be a prototypical example for stromal-epithelial interactions during developmental morphogenesis, wound healing, organ regeneration and cancer progression. And p53 plays as an important regulator of Met-dependent cell motility and invasion. Present study showed that 2 HCC cell lines, Hep3B and HepG2, displayed different invasive capacity when treated with HGF which was secreted by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We found that HGF promoted Hep3B cells invasion and migration as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurrence because Hep3B was p53 deficient, which leaded to the c-Met over-expression. Then we found that HGF/c-Met promoted Hep3B cells invasion and migration by upregulating Snail expression. In conclusion, HGF/c-Met signaling is enhanced by loss of p53 expression, resulting in increased ability of invasion and migration by upregulating the expression of Snail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Liu
- a Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ying-Ying Jing
- a Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Guo-feng Yu
- c Oncology Department , Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Hong Chen
- d Pathology Department , Funing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Qinghuangdao , Hebei Province , China
| | - Zhi-peng Han
- a Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Dan-Dan Yu
- a Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qing-Min Fan
- e Ultrasonography Department , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Jiangsu , China
| | - Fei Ye
- a Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Rong Li
- a Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Lu Gao
- a Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qiu-Dong Zhao
- a Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Meng-Chao Wu
- b Department of Comprehensive Treatment , Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Li-Xin Wei
- a Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
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Brandenburg J, Reiling N. The Wnt Blows: On the Functional Role of Wnt Signaling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Beyond. Front Immunol 2016; 7:635. [PMID: 28082976 PMCID: PMC5183615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has become apparent that the Wnt signaling pathway, known for its essential functions in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, exerts immunomodulatory functions during inflammation and infection. Most functional studies indicate that Wnt5a exerts pro-inflammatory functions on its cellular targets, which include various types of immune and non-immune cells. Wnt5a expression has also been linked to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. Activation of beta-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling, e.g., by Wnt3a, has however been shown to limit inflammation by interfering with the nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-kappaB) pathway. This review focuses on the regulation of Wnt5a, Wnt3a, and the recently identified Wnt6 and their functional role in bacterial infections with a primary focus on pulmonary tuberculosis, a leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Brandenburg
- Microbial Interface Biology, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Norbert Reiling
- Microbial Interface Biology, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
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Mishra S, Tripathi R, Singh S. Crosstalk of proteins, miRNAs involved in metastatic and epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathways. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2016.1256843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gil D, Ciołczyk-Wierzbicka D, Dulińska-Litewka J, Laidler P. Integrin-linked kinase regulates cadherin switch in bladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:15185-15191. [PMID: 27683053 PMCID: PMC5126188 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherin switch is specific of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is closely related to tumor cell invasion. However, the molecular mechanism that promotes the phenotypic changes remains unclear and elusive. We found that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a key factor involved in cadherin switch. The expression and activity of ILK are elevated in a variety of cancers but its mechanisms are not exactly understood. In this report, we studied the role and mechanism of ILK in EMT of human bladder cancer. We showed that silencing of ILK expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly abolished the nuclear translocation or the presence of markers associated with EMT like Snail, Twist, Zeb, and beta-catenin. ILK knockdown by siRNA suppressed N-cadherin expression and increased re-expression of E-cadherin in bladder cancer cells. We suggest that ILK is a major signaling factor involved in EMT. It is essential to understand the molecular mechanism of EMT in aim to possibly use it in search for new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Gil
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul.Kopernika 7, 31-034, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Dorota Ciołczyk-Wierzbicka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul.Kopernika 7, 31-034, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Dulińska-Litewka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul.Kopernika 7, 31-034, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Laidler
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul.Kopernika 7, 31-034, Kraków, Poland
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Zhuang X, Lv M, Zhong Z, Zhang L, Jiang R, Chen J. Interplay between intergrin-linked kinase and ribonuclease inhibitor affects growth and metastasis of bladder cancer through signaling ILK pathways. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:130. [PMID: 27576342 PMCID: PMC5006283 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a multifunctional adaptor protein which is involved with protein signalling within cells to modulate malignant (cancer) cell movement, cell cycle, metastasis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our previous experiment demonstrated that ILK siRNA inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of bladder cancer cells as well as increased the expression of Ribonuclease inhibitor (RI), an important cytoplasmic protein with many functions. We also reported that RI overexpression inhibited ILK and phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β. ILK and RI gene both locate on chromosome 11p15 and the two genes are always at the adjacent position of same chromosome during evolution, which suggest that ILK and RI could have some relationship. However, underlying interacting mechanisms remain unclear between them. Here, we postulate that RI might regulate ILK signaling pathway via interacting with ILK. Methods Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down and co-localization under laser confocal microscope assay were used to determine the interaction between ILK and RI exogenously and endogenously. Furthermore, we further verified that there is a direct binding between the two proteins by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in cells. Next, The effects of interplay between ILK and RI on the key target protein expressions of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were determined by western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assay in vivo and in vitro. Finally, the interaction was assessed using nude mice xenograft model. Results We first found that ILK could combine with RI both in vivo and in vitro by GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and FRET. The protein levels of ILK and RI revealed a significant inverse correlation in vivo and in vitro. Subsequently, The results showed that up-regulating ILK could increase cell proliferation, change cell morphology and regulate cell cycle. We also demonstrated that the overexpression of ILK remarkably promoted EMT and expressions of target molecules of ILK signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we found that ILK overexpression significantly enhanced growth, metastasis and angiogenesis of xenograft tumor; Whereas, RI has a contrary role compared to ILK in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions Our findings, for the first time, directly proved that the interplay between ILK and RI regulated EMT via ILK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways for bladder cancer, which highlights the possibilities that ILK/RI could be valuable markers together for the therapy and diagnosis of human carcinoma of urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhuang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mengxin Lv
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhong
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Luyu Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junxia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Chou CC, Chuang HC, Salunke SB, Kulp SK, Chen CS. A novel HIF-1α-integrin-linked kinase regulatory loop that facilitates hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8271-85. [PMID: 25821081 PMCID: PMC4480751 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we described a novel regulatory feedback loop in which hypoxia induces integrin-linked kinase (ILK) expression through a HIF-1α-dependent mechanism and ILK, in turn, stimulates HIF-1α expression through cell type- and cell context-dependent pathways. HIF-1α increased ILK via transcriptional activation. ILK increased HIF-1α levels by promoting mTOR-mediated translation in PC-3 and MCF-7 cells, and by blocking GSK3β-mediated degradation in LNCaP cells, consistent with the cell line-/cellular context-specific functions of ILK as a Ser473-Akt kinase. We show that ILK can account for the effects of hypoxia on Akt, mTOR, and GSK3β phosphorylation. Also, ILK can de-repress HIF-1α signaling through the YB-1-mediated inhibition of Foxo3a expression. In concert with HIF-1α, these downstream effectors promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through modulation of Snail and Zeb1. Thus, the ILK-HIF-1α regulatory loop could underlie the maintenance of high HIF-1α expression levels and the promotion of EMT under hypoxic conditions. Finally, we show that the small-molecule ILK inhibitor T315 can disrupt this regulatory loop in vivo and suppress xenograft tumor growth, thereby providing proof-of-concept that targeting ILK represents an effective strategy to block HIF-1α expression and aggressive phenotype in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Chou
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hsaio-Ching Chuang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Santosh B Salunke
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Samuel K Kulp
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ching-Shih Chen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zheng Q, Xu Y, Lu J, Zhao J, Wei X, Liu P. Emodin Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells by Facilitating the Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition Through Targeting ILK. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1526-1535. [PMID: 27130230 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116645192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether emodin facilitates the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) as well as to explore the mechanism through which emodin favored the MET of ESCs. METHODS Cell viability was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Cell migration and invasion abilities were detected by transwell assays. Levels of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Upregulated ILK and increased abilities of migration and invasion were confirmed in the eutopic and ectopic ESCs (EuSCs and EcSCs), especially in the EcSCs. After treated with emodin, the expression of ILK was statistically downregulated in EcSCs, resulting in the MET and decreased migration and invasion abilities of EcSCs. Additionally, silencing of the ILK gene in EcSCs also achieved the above-mentioned effects, which were strengthened by emodin. Furthermore, exogenous expression of ILK in control ESCs (CSCs) resulted in the EMT and increased abilities of migration and invasion of CSCs, which can be abrogated by emodin. Besides, exogenous expression of ILK also abrogated the effects of emodin on CSCs. CONCLUSION Emodin inhibits the migration and invasion abilities of human ESCs by facilitating the MET through targeting ILK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomei Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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PARP inhibitor ABT-888 affects response of MDA-MB-231 cells to doxorubicin treatment, targeting Snail expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15008-21. [PMID: 25938539 PMCID: PMC4558132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome cancer cells resistance to pharmacological therapy, the development of new therapeutic approaches becomes urgent. For this purpose, the use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in combination with other cytotoxic agents could represent an efficacious strategy. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a post-translational modification that plays a well characterized role in the cellular decisions of life and death. Recent findings indicate that PARP-1 may control the expression of Snail, the master gene of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Snail is highly represented in different resistant tumors, functioning as a factor regulating anti-apoptotic programmes. MDA-MB-231 is a Snail-expressing metastatic breast cancer cell line, which exhibits chemoresistance properties when treated with damaging agents. In this study, we show that the PARP inhibitor ABT-888 was capable to modulate the MDA-MB-231 cell response to doxorubicin, leading to an increase in the rate of apoptosis. Our further results indicate that PARP-1 controlled Snail expression at transcriptional level in cells exposed to doxorubicin. Given the increasing interest in the employment of PARP inhibitors as chemotherapeutic adjuvants, our in vitro results suggest that one of the mechanisms through which PARP inhibition can chemosensitize cancer cells in vivo, is targeting Snail expression thus promoting apoptosis.
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Zhang K, Yao H, Yang Z, Li D, Yang L, Zou Q, Yuan Y, Miao X. Comparison of ILK and ERP29 expressions in benign and malignant pancreatic lesions and their clinicopathological significances in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Clin Transl Oncol 2016; 18:352-9. [PMID: 26887611 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant tumor of the pancreas with poor prognosis. The lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PDAC and biomarkers for early diagnosis might be two of the reasons for the poor prognosis of PDAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS ILK and ERP29 protein expressions in PDAC, peritumoral tissues, benign pancreatic lesions, and normal pancreatic tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and the clinical and pathological significances of ILK and ERP29 in PDAC were analyzed. RESULTS The percentages of positive ILK and negative ERP29 expressions were significantly higher in PDAC tumors than in peritumoral tissues, benign pancreatic tissues, and normal pancreatic tissues (P < 0.01). Benign pancreatic lesions with positive ILK and negative ERP29 expressions exhibited dysplasia or intraepithelial neoplasia. The percentage of cases with positive ILK and negative ERP29 expressions was significantly lower in PDAC patients without lymph node metastasis and invasion, and having TNM stage I/II disease than in patients with lymph node metastasis, invasion, and TNM stage III/IV disease (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that positive ILK and negative ERP29 expressions were significantly associated with survival in PDAC patients (P < 0.001). Cox multivariate analysis revealed that positive ILK and negative ERP29 expressions were independent poor prognosis factors in PDAC patients. CONCLUSIONS Positive ILK and negative ERP29 expressions are associated with the progression of PDAC and poor prognosis in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Changde, Changde, 415000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - H Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Z Yang
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - D Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yang
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zou
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - X Miao
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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NOTCH1 intracellular domain negatively regulates PAK1 signaling pathway through direct interaction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:179-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Endometrial ILKAP expression among patients with endometriosis and its association with clinical characteristics. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2015; 130:23-6. [PMID: 25872452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate expression of ILKAP among women with endometriosis and its association with clinical characteristics. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted at a center in China in 2012, using samples of ectopic (n=55) and eutopic (n=33) endometrium from women with endometriosis, and control endometrium samples (n=33) from women without endometriosis. Information on clinical characteristics was obtained from records. The expression of ILKAP was tested by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The expression of ILKAP was higher in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle than in the proliferative phase, and it was lower in eutopic and ectopic endometriosis tissue than in control endometrium (P<0.001 for both). A lower expression of ILKAP in ectopic endometrium was associated with moderate-to-severe dysmenorrhea, infertility for more than 1year, a cancer antigen 125 level of more than 35 U/mL, a disease duration of at least 1year, and American Fertility Society grade IV disease (P<0.05 for all). CONCLUSION A low level of ILKAP could facilitate the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Additionally, the level of ILKAP expression in ectopic endometrium might reflect the severity of endometriosis.
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Han KS, Li N, Raven PA, Fazli L, Ettinger S, Hong SJ, Gleave ME, So AI. Targeting Integrin-Linked Kinase Suppresses Invasion and Metastasis through Downregulation of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1024-34. [PMID: 25657336 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy in the kidney. Antiangiogenic targeted therapies inhibit the progression of RCC, but have limited impacts on invasion or metastasis of tumor cells. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a serine/threonine kinase implicated in the regulation of cell growth/survival, cell-cycle progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion/migration, and angiogenesis. However, the role of ILK in RCC has not been evaluated. We investigated the role of ILK on cancer progression and metastasis and the therapeutic potential of ILK inhibition in RCC. Our investigation reveals that ILK is expressed at a low level in normal cells and low-stage RCC cells and is highly expressed in advanced and metastatic cells. Caki-1, a metastatic RCC cell line, showed higher expression of molecular EMT markers, including Snail and Zeb1, but decreased activity of GSK3β. Knockdown of ILK using small interference (si)-ILK minimally inhibited tumor proliferation and cell-cycle progression was not significantly affected. However, ILK knockdown suppressed the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions and impeded phenotypic EMT markers, including cell migration and invasion, in Caki-1 and UMRC-3 cells. Finally, in vivo knockdown of ILK suppressed the progression, invasion, and metastasis of primary RCC in nude mice by downregulation of EMT markers (Snail, Zeb1, vimentin, and E-cadherin). Our results show that ILK may be essential for invasion and metastasis in RCC and regulates vimentin and E-cadherin expression by regulating the EMT-related transcription factors Snail and Zeb1. These results suggest that ILK may be a potential target in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Seok Han
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Li
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter A Raven
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Susan Ettinger
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sung Joon Hong
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alan I So
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Saidak Z, Le Henaff C, Azzi S, Marty C, Da Nascimento S, Sonnet P, Marie PJ. Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediates osteoblast differentiation triggered by peptide-induced α5β1 integrin priming in mesenchymal skeletal cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6903-12. [PMID: 25631051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The α5β1 integrin is a key fibronectin (FN) receptor that binds to RGD-containing peptides to mediate cell adhesion. We previously reported that α5β1 integrin promotes osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal skeletal cells (MSCs), but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we determined the signaling mechanisms induced by α5β1 integrin interaction with its high-affinity ligand CRRETAWAC in murine and human MSCs and in vivo. We show that cyclized CRRETAWAC fully displaced MSC adhesion to FN, whereas related peptides lacking the full RRET sequence produced a partial displacement, indicating that RRET acts as an RGD-like sequence that is required to antagonize FN-mediated cell adhesion. However, all peptides increased focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation, OSE2 transcriptional activity, osteoblast gene expression, and matrix mineralization in MSCs, indicating that peptide-induced α5β1 integrin priming can promote osteogenic differentiation independently of the RRET sequence. Biochemical analyses showed that peptide-induced α5β1 integrin priming transiently increased PI3K/Akt phosphorylation and promoted Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional activity independently of RRET. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of PI3K activity reduced osteoblast differentiation and abolished Wnt regulatory gene expression induced by α5β1 integrin priming. In vivo, systemic delivery of cyclized GACRETAWACGA linked to (DSS)6 to allow delivery to bone-forming sites for 6 weeks increased serum osteocalcin levels and improved long bone mass and microarchitecture in SAMP-6 senescent osteopenic mice. The results support a mechanism whereby α5β1 integrin priming by high-affinity ligands integrates Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote osteoblast differentiation independently of cell adhesion, which could be used to improve bone mass and microarchitecture in the aging skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Saidak
- From UMR-1132 INSERM, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France, the Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, and
| | - Carole Le Henaff
- From UMR-1132 INSERM, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France, the Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, and
| | - Sofia Azzi
- From UMR-1132 INSERM, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France, the Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, and
| | - Caroline Marty
- From UMR-1132 INSERM, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France, the Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, and
| | - Sophie Da Nascimento
- the Equipe Théra, Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens, et des Agroressources (LG2A)-FRE-CNRS 3517, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Pascal Sonnet
- the Equipe Théra, Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens, et des Agroressources (LG2A)-FRE-CNRS 3517, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Pierre J Marie
- From UMR-1132 INSERM, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France, the Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, and
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LUO LINGRONG, LIU HONG, DONG ZHENG, SUN LIN, PENG YOUMING, LIU FUYOU. Small interfering RNA targeting ILK inhibits EMT in human peritoneal mesothelial cells through phosphorylation of GSK-3β. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:137-44. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Miller RK, Hong JY, Muñoz WA, McCrea PD. Beta-catenin versus the other armadillo catenins: assessing our current view of canonical Wnt signaling. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 116:387-407. [PMID: 23481204 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394311-8.00017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevailing view of canonical Wnt signaling emphasizes the role of beta-catenin acting downstream of Wnt activation to regulate transcriptional activity. However, emerging evidence indicates that other armadillo catenins in vertebrates, such as members of the p120 subfamily, convey parallel signals to the nucleus downstream of canonical Wnt pathway activation. Their study is thus needed to appreciate the networked mechanisms of canonical Wnt pathway transduction, especially as they may assist in generating the diversity of Wnt effects observed in development and disease. In this chapter, we outline evidence of direct canonical Wnt effects on p120 subfamily members in vertebrates and speculate upon these catenins' roles in conjunction with or aside from beta-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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ElShamy WM, Duhé RJ. Overview: Cellular plasticity, cancer stem cells and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2013; 341:2-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Overexpression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) promotes glioma cell invasion and migration and down-regulates E-cadherin via the NF-κB pathway. J Mol Histol 2013; 45:141-51. [PMID: 24045896 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine protein kinase that has been implicated in cancer development, progression and metastasis. The aim of the present study was to characterize the role of ILK in glioma cell invasion and migration. We generated a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector containing the human ILK gene and transfected it into human glioma SHG-44 cells. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis were used to identify the stable transformants. The wound healing and Transwell invasion assays showed that ectopic overexpression of ILK in SHG-44 cells significantly promoted their migration and invasion capabilities in culture. This was accompanied by a decrease in expression of E-cadherin and an increase in expression of Snail and Slug. Moreover, the decrease in E-cadherin expression induced by ILK overexpression was greatly restored by the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor BAY 11-7028 or small interfering RNA targeting NF-κB p65, indicating an involvement of NF-κB in ILK-induced down-regulation of E-cadherin. In conclusion, our data underscore a novel role for ILK in glioma invasion and metastasis processes, implicating potential for therapeutic interference.
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40
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Assi K, Bergstrom K, Vallance B, Owen D, Salh B. Requirement of epithelial integrin-linked kinase for facilitation of Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13:137. [PMID: 24024606 PMCID: PMC3848714 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-13-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a serine-threonine kinase that transduces extracellular matrix-related cues into intracellular signals, with fundamental roles in cell motility, development and cancer. Recently ILK been shown to have an important role in bacterial epithelial cell attachment, through ILK-bacterial OspE binding. Here we report on the role of epithelial derived ILK in response to Citrobacter rodentium infection. Methods C. rodentium was administered to both control and intestinal epithelial cell ILK knockout mice. Histological inflammatory scores were assessed, and cytokines measured by ELISA as well as RT-PCR, in mouse colons. Bacterial colonization was determined by plating homogenates onto MacConkey agar, and immunofluorescence microscopy performed using anti-LPS and anti-Tir antibodies. Results ILK-ko mice exhibited reduced weight loss at 15 days post-infection (p < 0.01) and demonstrated reduced histological inflammatory scores (p < 0.01), reduced CCL2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This was not due to reduced colonization, but was associated with an altered pattern of C. rodentium bacterial migration. Attenuated fibronectin expression was found in the ILK-ko mice. C. rodentium exposure was shown to increase ILK expression in cell lines, and in murine epithelium in vivo. In ILK-ko mice reduced activation of ser473Akt and reduced crypt proliferation, together with reduced cyclin D1 expression were observed. Conclusions ILK influences the host response to C. rodentium -induced infection, independently of reduced colonization in the ILK knockout mice. The reduced inflammation and dramatically attenuated hyperplastic cryptal response to infection in this group, are at least in part the result of, the reduction in CCL2 and cyclin D1 expression respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Assi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 5th Floor, 2775 Laurel Street, V5Z 1M9 Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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41
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The Xenopus Tgfbi is required for embryogenesis through regulation of canonical Wnt signalling. Dev Biol 2013; 379:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Snail1-dependent transcriptional repression of Cezanne2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2013; 33:2836-45. [PMID: 23792447 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High malignancy and early metastasis are the hallmarks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we report that Cezanne2 expression is downregulated in HCC cells and in HCC patients' tumorous tissues and that Cezanne2 is inversely associated with Snail1 expression in HCC patients' tumorous tissues. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and the reporter gene assay showed that Snail1 binds to the promoter of the Cezanne2 gene and mediates the direct consequence of Cezanne2 repression. Enhanced expression of Cezanne2 could suppress proliferation, migration and invasion in HCC cells. Further, Cezanne2 could regulate MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)2, MMP9 and ICAM1 (intercellular adhesion molecule) levels through modulation of the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell) signaling cascade. Co-immunoprecipitation and in vivo deubiquitination assay indicated that Cezanne2 interacts with TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF)6 and cleaves the polyubiquitin from TRAF6 substrates. Our data reveal that Snail1-mediated suppression of Cezanne2 may have a key role in HCC malignancy.
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Expression of integrin-linked kinase in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands correlates with epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and tumor progression. Med Oncol 2013; 30:619. [PMID: 23729269 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) plays a key role in cell-excellular matrix interactions mediated by integrins and several growth factors, regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration. It has also been implicated in the development and progression in several malignancies involving epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the correlations between ILK and EMT markers and the progression of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) have not been well elucidated. Here, by immunohistochemistry, we studied the expression of ILK, Snail, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin in 94 SACC specimens and analyzed their correlations with clinicopathologic characteristics. Positive expression of ILK protein was detected in 76.6 % of the tumors. Increased expression of ILK and Snail and decreased E-cadherin expression correlated strongly with tumor solid type (P = 0.017, P = 0.008, and P = 0.038, respectively), advanced TNM stage (P = 0.021, P = 0.034, and P = 0.009, respectively), and increased risk of recurrence (P = 0.023, P = 0.011, and P = 0.039, respectively) and distant metastasis (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, up-regulation of Snail and N-cadherin and down-regulation of E-cadherin correlated significantly with ILK over-expression (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively) and a neural-invasive phenotype (P = 0.017, P = 0.002, and P < 0.001, respectively). Taken together, our results suggest that ILK may have an important role in progression and metastasis of SACC, possibly through EMT involving up-regulation of Snail and consequent aberrant expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin. ILK should be considered as a potential therapeutic molecular target for patients with SACC.
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Cantor D, Slapetova I, Kan A, McQuade LR, Baker MS. Overexpression of αvβ6 Integrin Alters the Colorectal Cancer Cell Proteome in Favor of Elevated Proliferation and a Switching in Cellular Adhesion That Increases Invasion. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2477-90. [DOI: 10.1021/pr301099f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Cantor
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and
Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Iveta Slapetova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and
Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Alison Kan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and
Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Leon R. McQuade
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and
Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mark S. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and
Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
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Zheng H, Li W, Wang Y, Liu Z, Cai Y, Xie T, Shi M, Wang Z, Jiang B. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta regulates Snail and β-catenin expression during Fas-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastrointestinal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:2734-46. [PMID: 23582741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fas signalling has been shown to induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to promote gastrointestinal (GI) cancer metastasis, but its mechanism of action is still unknown. The effects of Fas-ligand (FasL) treatment and inhibition of Fas signalling on GI cancer cells were tested using invasion assay, immunofluorescence, immunoblot, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyse the EMT-associated molecules in GI cancer specimens. FasL treatment inhibited E-cadherin transcription by upregulation of Snail in GI cancer cells. The nuclear expression and transcriptional activity of Snail and β-catenin were increased by inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) at Ser9 by FasL-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling. Snail associated with β-catenin in the nucleus and, thus, increased β-catenin transcriptional activity. Evaluation of human GI cancer specimens showed that the expression of FasL, phospho-GSK-3β, Snail and β-catenin increase during GI cancer progression. An EMT phenotype was shown to correlate with an advanced cancer stage, and a non-EMT phenotype significantly correlated with a better prognosis. Collectively, these data indicate that GSK-3β regulates Snail and β-catenin expression during Fas-induced EMT in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Canel M, Serrels A, Frame MC, Brunton VG. E-cadherin-integrin crosstalk in cancer invasion and metastasis. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:393-401. [PMID: 23525005 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is a single-pass transmembrane protein that mediates homophilic cell-cell interactions. Tumour progression is often associated with the loss of E-cadherin function and the transition to a more motile and invasive phenotype. This requires the coordinated regulation of both E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesions and integrin-mediated adhesions that contact the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Regulation of both types of adhesion is dynamic as cells respond to external cues from the tumour microenvironment that regulate polarity, directional migration and invasion. Here, we review the mechanisms by which tumour cells control the cross-regulation between dynamic E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesions and integrin-mediated cell-matrix contacts, which govern the invasive and metastatic potential of tumours. In particular, we will discuss the role of the adhesion-linked kinases Src, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and integrin-linked kinase (ILK), and the Rho family of GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Canel
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
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47
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Wang W, Zhao L, Wu K, Ma Q, Mei S, Chu PK, Wang Q, Zhang Y. The role of integrin-linked kinase/β-catenin pathway in the enhanced MG63 differentiation by micro/nano-textured topography. Biomaterials 2013; 34:631-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Yeh YC, Lin HH, Tang MJ. A tale of two collagen receptors, integrin β1 and discoidin domain receptor 1, in epithelial cell differentiation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C1207-17. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00253.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As increase in collagen deposition is no longer taken as simply a consequence but, rather, an inducer of disease progression; therefore, the understanding of collagen signal transduction is fundamentally important. Cells contain at least two types of collagen receptors: integrins and discoidin domain receptors (DDRs). The integrin heterodimers α1β1, α2β1, α10β1, and α11β1 are recognized as the non-tyrosine kinase collagen receptors. DDR1 and 2, the tyrosine kinase receptors of collagen, are specifically expressed in epithelium and mesenchyme, respectively. While integrin β1 and DDR1 are both required for cell adhesion on collagen, their roles in epithelial cell differentiation during development and disease progression seem to counteract each other, with integrin β1 favoring epithelium mesenchyme transition (EMT) and DDR1 inducing epithelial cell differentiation. The in vitro evidence shows that the integrin β1 and DDR1 exert opposing actions in regulation of membrane stability of E-cadherin, which itself is a critical regulator of epithelial cell differentiation. Here, we review the functional roles of integrin β1 and DDR1 in regulation of epithelial cell differentiation during development and disease progression, and explore the underlining mechanisms regarding to the regulation of membrane stability of E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Yeh
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medicine College, Tainan, Taiwan; and
| | - Hsi-Hui Lin
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medicine College, Tainan, Taiwan; and
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medicine College, Tainan, Taiwan; and
- Center for Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University Medicine College, Tainan, Taiwan
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Gkretsi V, Papanikolaou V, Dubos S, Papathanasiou I, Giotopoulou N, Valiakou V, Wu C, Malizos KN, Tsezou A. Migfilin's elimination from osteoarthritic chondrocytes further promotes the osteoarthritic phenotype via β-catenin upregulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 430:494-9. [PMID: 23237804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease of the joints characterized by cartilage degradation but to date there is no available pharmacological treatment to inhibit disease progression neither is there any available biomarker to predict its development. In the present study, we examined the expression level and possible involvement of novel cell-ECM adhesion-related molecules such as Iintegrin Linked Kinase (ILK), PINCH, parvin, Mig-2 and Migfilin in OA pathogenesis using primary human articular chondrocytes from healthy individuals and OA patients. Our findings show that only ILK and Migfilin were upregulated in OA compared to the normal chondrocytes. Interestingly, Migfilin silencing in OA chondrocytes rather exacerbated than ameliorated the osteoarthritic phenotype, as it resulted in even higher levels of catabolic and hypertrophic markers while at the same time induced reduction in ECM molecules such as aggrecan. Furthermore, we also provide a link between Migfilin and β-catenin activation in OA chondrocytes, showing Migfilin to be inversely correlated with β-catenin. Thus, the present study emphasizes for the first time to our knowledge the role of Migfilin in OA and highlights the importance of cell-ECM adhesion proteins in OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Gkretsi
- Center for Research and Technology-Thessaly (CE.RE.TE.TH), Department of Biomedical Research and Technology, Larissa 41222, Greece.
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Becker-Santos DD, Guo Y, Ghaffari M, Vickers ED, Lehman M, Altamirano-Dimas M, Oloumi A, Furukawa J, Sharma M, Wang Y, Dedhar S, Cox ME. Integrin-linked kinase as a target for ERG-mediated invasive properties in prostate cancer models. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:2558-67. [PMID: 23027626 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately half of prostate cancers (PCa) carry TMPRSS2-ERG translocations; however, the clinical impact of this genomic alteration remains enigmatic. Expression of v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene like (avian) gene (ERG) promotes prostatic epithelial dysplasia in transgenic mice and acquisition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics in human prostatic epithelial cells (PrECs). To explore whether ERG-induced EMT in PrECs was associated with therapeutically targetable transformation characteristics, we established stable populations of BPH-1, PNT1B and RWPE-1 immortalized human PrEC lines that constitutively express flag-tagged ERG3 (fERG). All fERG-expressing populations exhibited characteristics of in vitro and in vivo transformation. Microarray analysis revealed >2000 commonly dysregulated genes in the fERG-PrEC lines. Functional analysis revealed evidence that fERG cells underwent EMT and acquired invasive characteristics. The fERG-induced EMT transcript signature was exemplified by suppressed expression of E-cadherin and keratins 5, 8, 14 and 18; elevated expression of N-cadherin, N-cadherin 2 and vimentin, and of the EMT transcriptional regulators Snail, Zeb1 and Zeb2, and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF-1). In BPH-1 and RWPE-1-fERG cells, fERG expression is correlated with increased expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and its downstream effectors Snail and LEF-1. Interfering RNA suppression of ERG decreased expression of ILK, Snail and LEF-1, whereas small interfering RNA suppression of ILK did not alter fERG expression. Interfering RNA suppression of ERG or ILK impaired fERG-PrEC Matrigel invasion. Treating fERG-BPH-1 cells with the small molecule ILK inhibitor, QLT-0267, resulted in dose-dependent suppression of Snail and LEF-1 expression, Matrigel invasion and reversion of anchorage-independent growth. These results suggest that ILK is a therapeutically targetable mediator of ERG-induced EMT and transformation in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana D Becker-Santos
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
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