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Maranto C, Sabharwal L, Udhane V, Pitzen SP, McCluskey B, Qi S, O’Connor C, Devi S, Johnson S, Jacobsohn K, Banerjee A, Iczkowski KA, Wang L, Dehm SM, Nevalainen MT. Stat5 induces androgen receptor ( AR) gene transcription in prostate cancer and offers a druggable pathway to target AR signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi2742. [PMID: 38416822 PMCID: PMC10901378 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) drives prostate cancer (PC) growth and progression, and targeting AR signaling is the mainstay of pharmacological therapies for PC. Resistance develops relatively fast as a result of refueled AR activity. A major gap in the field is the lack of understanding of targetable mechanisms that induce persistent AR expression in castrate-resistant PC (CRPC). This study uncovers an unexpected function of active Stat5 signaling, a known promoter of PC growth and clinical progression, as a potent inducer of AR gene transcription. Stat5 suppression inhibited AR gene transcription in preclinical PC models and reduced the levels of wild-type, mutated, and truncated AR proteins. Pharmacological Stat5 inhibition by a specific small-molecule Stat5 inhibitor down-regulated Stat5-inducible genes as well as AR and AR-regulated genes and suppressed PC growth. This work introduces the concept of Stat5 as an inducer of AR gene transcription in PC. Pharmacological Stat5 inhibitors may represent a new strategy for suppressing AR and CRPC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maranto
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lavannya Sabharwal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Vindhya Udhane
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Samuel P. Pitzen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Braedan McCluskey
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Songyan Qi
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christine O’Connor
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Savita Devi
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Scott Johnson
- Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kenneth Jacobsohn
- Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Anjishnu Banerjee
- Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Liang Wang
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Scott M. Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marja T. Nevalainen
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Mengoni M, Braun AD, Seedarala S, Bonifatius S, Kostenis E, Schanze D, Zenker M, Tüting T, Gaffal E. Transactivation of Met signaling by oncogenic Gnaq drives the evolution of melanoma in Hgf-Cdk4 mice. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00744-0. [PMID: 38360887 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Recent pan-cancer genomic analyses have identified numerous oncogenic driver mutations that occur in a cell-type and tissue-specific distribution. For example, oncogenic mutations in Braf and Nras genes arise predominantly in melanocytic neoplasms of the epidermis, while oncogenic mutations in Gnaq/11 genes arise mostly in melanocytic lesions of the dermis or the uvea. The mechanisms promoting cell-type and tissue-specific oncogenic events currently remain poorly understood. Here, we report that Gnaq/11 hotspot mutations occur as early oncogenic drivers during the evolution of primary melanomas in Hgf-Cdk4 mice. Additional single base substitutions in the Trp53 gene and structural chromosomal aberrations favoring amplifications of the chromosomal region containing the Met receptor gene accumulate during serial tumor transplantation and in cell lines established in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that the GnaqQ209L mutation transactivates the Met receptor. Overexpression of oncogenic GnaqQ209L in the immortalized melanocyte cell line promoted in vivo growth that was enhanced by transgenic Hgf expression in the tumor microenvironment. This cross-signaling mechanism explains the selection of oncogenic Gnaq/11 in primary Hgf-Cdk4 melanomas and provides an example of how oncogenic driver mutations, intracellular signaling cascades, and microenvironmental cues cooperate to drive cancer development in a tissue-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Mengoni
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dominik Braun
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sahithi Seedarala
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Bonifatius
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Denny Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Gaffal
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Gekle M, Dubourg V, Schwerdt G, Benndorf RA, Schreier B. The role of EGFR in vascular AT1R signaling: From cellular mechanisms to systemic relevance. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115837. [PMID: 37777161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) belongs to the ErbB-family of receptor tyrosine kinases that are of importance in oncology. During the last years, substantial evidence accumulated for a crucial role of EGFR concerning the action of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) in blood vessels, resulting form AT1R-induced EGFR transactivation. This transactivation occurs through the release of membrane-anchored EGFR-ligands, cytosolic tyrosine kinases, heterocomplex formation or enhanced ligand expression. AT1R-EGFR crosstalk amplifies the signaling response and enhances the biological effects of angiotensin II. Downstream signaling cascades include ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, PLCγ and STAT. AT1R-induced EGFR activation contributes to vascular remodeling and hypertrophy via e.g. smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix production. EGFR transactivation results in increased vessel wall thickness and reduced vascular compliance. AT1R and EGFR signaling pathways are also implicated the induction of vascular inflammation. Again, EGFR transactivation exacerbates the effects, leading to endothelial dysfunction that contributes to vascular inflammation, dysfunction and remodeling. Dysregulation of the AT1R-EGFR axis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases and inhibition or prevention of EGFR signaling can attenuate part of the detrimental impact of enhanced renin-angiotensin-system (RAAS) activity, highlighting the importance of EGFR for the adverse consequences of AT1R activation. In summary, EGFR plays a critical role in vascular AT1R action, enhancing signaling, promoting remodeling, contributing to inflammation, and participating in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the interplay between AT1R and EGFR will foster the development of effective therapeutic strategies of RAAS-induced disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gekle
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, D-06112 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Virginie Dubourg
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, D-06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gerald Schwerdt
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, D-06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ralf A Benndorf
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany
| | - Barbara Schreier
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, D-06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Sigorski D, Wesołowski W, Gruszecka A, Gulczyński J, Zieliński P, Misiukiewicz S, Kitlińska J, Iżycka-Świeszewska E. Neuropeptide Y and its receptors in prostate cancer: associations with cancer invasiveness and perineural spread. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:5803-5822. [PMID: 36583743 PMCID: PMC10356636 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a pleiotropic peptide, which is involved in many biological mechanisms important in regulation of cell growth and survival. The aim of this study was a comprehensive analysis of the NPY system in prostate pathology. METHODS The study was based on immunohistochemical analysis of NPY and its receptors, Y1R, Y2R and Y5R, in tissue samples from benign prostate (BP), primary prostate cancer (PCa) and PCa bone metastases. Tissue microarray (TMA) technique was employed, with analysis of multiple cores from each specimen. Intensity of the immunoreactivity and expression index (EI), as well as distribution of the immunostaining in neoplastic cells and stromal elements were evaluated. Perineural invasion (PNI) and extraprostatic extension (EPE) were areas of special interests. Moreover, a transwell migration assay on the LNCaP PCa cell line was used to assess the chemotactic properties of NPY. RESULTS Morphological analysis revealed homogeneous membrane and cytoplasmic pattern of NPY staining in cancer cells and its membrane localization with apical accentuation in BP glands. All elements of the NPY system were upregulated in pre-invasive prostate intraepithelial neoplasia, PCa and metastases. EI and staining intensity of NPY receptors were significantly higher in PCa then in BP with correlation between Y2R and Y5R. The strength of expression of the NPY system was further increased in the PNI and EPE areas. In bone metastases, Y1R and Y5R presented high expression scores. CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that the NPY system is involved in PCa, starting from early stages of its development to disseminated states of the disease, and participates in the invasion of PCa into the auto and paracrine matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Sigorski
- Department of Oncology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-228, Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, Warmian-Masurian Cancer Center of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration Hospital, 10-228, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Gruszecka
- Department of Radiology Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Gulczyński
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Pathomorphology, Copernicus Hospital, 80-803, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Zieliński
- Division of Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, University Center of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, 81-519, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Sara Misiukiewicz
- Human Science Department, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joanna Kitlińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Ewa Iżycka-Świeszewska
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Pathomorphology, Copernicus Hospital, 80-803, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Moody TW, Ramos-Alvarez I, Jensen RT. Adding of neurotensin to non-small cell lung cancer cells increases tyrosine phosphorylation of HER3. Peptides 2022; 156:170858. [PMID: 35932909 PMCID: PMC9529830 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS) receptor 1 regulates the growth non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. NTS binds with high affinity to NTSR1, leading to increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFR and HER2. Using Calu3, NCI-H358, or NCI-H441 cells, the effects of NTS on HER3 transactivation were investigated. HER3 tyrosine phosphorylation was increased by NTS or neuregulin (NRG1) addition to NSCLC cells. NCI-H358, NCI-H441, and Calu-3 cells have HER3, NTSR1 and neuregulin (NRG)1 protein. NTSR1 regulation of HER3 transactivation was impaired by SR48692 (NTSR1 antagonist) or monoclonal antibody (mAb)3481 (HER3 blocker). Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that NTS addition to NCI-H441cells resulted in the formation of EGFR/HER3 and HER2/HER3 heterodimers. The ability of NTS to increase HER3 tyrosine phosphorylation was impaired by GM6001 (MMP inhibitor), PP2 (Src inhibitor), Tiron (superoxide scavenger), or N-acetylcysteine (antioxidant). Adding NTS to NSCLC cells increased phosphorylation of ERK, HER3, and AKT. NTS or NRG1 increased colony formation of NSCLC cells which was strongly inhibited by SR48692 and mAb3481. The results indicate that NTSR1 regulates HER3 transactivation in NSCLC cells leading to increased proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moody
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Training, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Irene Ramos-Alvarez
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, Digestive Diseases Branch, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, Digestive Diseases Branch, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Sánchez ML, Coveñas R. The Neurotensinergic System: A Target for Cancer Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:3231-3260. [PMID: 34711154 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211027124328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scientific interest regarding the involvement of peptides in cancer has increased in the last years. In tumor cells the overexpression of peptides and their receptors is known and new therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer have been suggested. The overexpression of the neurotensinergic system has been associated with poor prognosis, tumor size, higher tumor aggressiveness, increased relapse risk and worse sensitivity to chemotherapy agents. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to update the findings regarding the involvement of the neurotensinergic system in cancer to suggest anticancer therapeutic strategies targeting this system. The neurotensin (NT) precursor, NT and its receptors (NTR) and the involvement of the neurotensinergic system in lung, breast, prostate, gastric, colon, liver and pancreatic cancers, glioblastoma, neuroendocrine tumors and B-cell leukemia will be mentioned and discussed as well as the signaling pathways mediated by NT. Some research lines to be developed in the future will be suggested such as: molecules regulating the expression of the NT precursor, influence of the diet in the development of tumors, molecules and signaling pathways activated by NT and antitumor therapeutic strategies targeting the neurotensinergic system. CONCLUSION NT, via the NTR, exerts oncogenic (tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis) and antiapoptotic effects, whereas NTR antagonists inhibit these effects. NTR expression can be used as a diagnostic tool/therapeutic target and the administration of NTR antagonists as antitumor drugs could be a therapeutic strategy to treat tumors overexpressing NTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lisardo Sánchez
- University of Salamanca, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14), Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca. Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- University of Salamanca, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14), Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca. Spain
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Second-Generation Jak2 Inhibitors for Advanced Prostate Cancer: Are We Ready for Clinical Development? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205204. [PMID: 34680353 PMCID: PMC8533841 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate Cancer (PC) is currently estimated to affect 1 in 9 men and is the second leading cause of cancer in men in the US. While androgen deprivation therapy, which targets the androgen receptor, is one of the front-line therapies for advanced PC and for recurrence of organ-confined PC treated with surgery, lethal castrate-resistant PC develops consistently in patients. PC is a multi-focal cancer with different grade carcinoma areas presenting simultaneously. Jak2-Stat5 signaling pathway has emerged as a potentially highly effective molecular target in PCs with positive areas for activated Stat5 protein. Activated Jak2-Stat5 signaling can be readily targeted by the second-generation Jak2-inhibitors that have been developed for myeloproliferative and autoimmune disorders and hematological malignancies. In this review, we analyze and summarize the Jak2 inhibitors that are currently in preclinical and clinical development. Abstract Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for metastatic and high-risk prostate cancer (PC) inhibits growth pathways driven by the androgen receptor (AR). Over time, ADT leads to the emergence of lethal castrate-resistant PC (CRPC), which is consistently caused by an acquired ability of tumors to re-activate AR. This has led to the development of second-generation anti-androgens that more effectively antagonize AR, such as enzalutamide (ENZ). However, the resistance of CRPC to ENZ develops rapidly. Studies utilizing preclinical models of PC have established that inhibition of the Jak2-Stat5 signaling leads to extensive PC cell apoptosis and decreased tumor growth. In large clinical cohorts, Jak2-Stat5 activity predicts PC progression and recurrence. Recently, Jak2-Stat5 signaling was demonstrated to induce ENZ-resistant PC growth in preclinical PC models, further emphasizing the importance of Jak2-Stat5 for therapeutic targeting for advanced PC. The discovery of the Jak2V617F somatic mutation in myeloproliferative disorders triggered the rapid development of Jak1/2-specific inhibitors for a variety of myeloproliferative and auto-immune disorders as well as hematological malignancies. Here, we review Jak2 inhibitors targeting the mutated Jak2V617F vs. wild type (WT)-Jak2 that are currently in the development pipeline. Among these 35 compounds with documented Jak2 inhibitory activity, those with potency against WT-Jak2 hold strong potential for advanced PC therapy.
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Campbell GE, Bender HR, Parker GA, Curry TE, Duffy DM. Neurotensin: A novel mediator of ovulation? FASEB J 2021; 35:e21481. [PMID: 33710668 PMCID: PMC8314182 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002547rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The midcycle luteinizing hormone (LH) surge initiates a cascade of events within the ovarian follicle which culminates in ovulation. Only mural granulosa cells and theca cells express large numbers of LH receptors, and LH-stimulated paracrine mediators communicate the ovulatory signal within the follicle. Recent reports identified the neuropeptide neurotensin (NTS) as a product of granulosa cells. Here, we demonstrate that granulosa cells were the primary site of NTS expression in macaque ovulatory follicles. Granulosa cell NTS mRNA and protein increased after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration, which substitutes for the LH surge. To identify ovulatory actions of NTS, a NTS-neutralizing antibody was injected into preovulatory macaque follicles. hCG administration immediately followed, and ovaries were removed 48 hours later to evaluate ovulatory events. Follicles injected with control IgG ovulated normally. In contrast, 75% of NTS antibody-injected follicles failed to ovulate, containing oocytes trapped within unruptured, hemorrhagic follicles. Serum progesterone was unchanged. Of the three NTS receptors, SORT1 was highly expressed in follicular granulosa, theca, and endothelial cells; NTSR1 and NTSR2 were expressed at lower levels. Excessive blood cells in NTS antibody-injected follicles indicated vascular anomalies, so the response of monkey ovarian endothelial cells to NTS was evaluated in vitro. NTS stimulated endothelial cell migration and capillary sprout formation, consistent with a role for NTS in vascular remodeling associated with ovulation. In summary, we identified NTS as a possible paracrine mediator of ovulation. Further investigation of the NTS synthesis/response pathway may lead to improved treatments for infertility and novel targets for contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve E. Campbell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Hannah R. Bender
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Grace A. Parker
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Thomas E. Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Diane M. Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Moody TW, Ramos-Alvarez I, Jensen RT. Bombesin, endothelin, neurotensin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide cause tyrosine phosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Peptides 2021; 137:170480. [PMID: 33385499 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Numerous peptides including bombesin (BB), endothelin (ET), neurotensin (NTS) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are growth factors for lung cancer cells. The peptides bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) resulting in elevated cAMP and/or phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover. In contrast, growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) or neuregulin (NRG)-1 bind to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such as the EGFR or HER3, increasing tyrosine kinase activity, resulting in the phosphorylation of protein substrates such as PI3K or phospholipase (PL)C. Peptide GPCRs can transactivate numerous RTKs, especially members of the EGFR/HER family resulting in increased phosphorylation of ERK, leading to cellular proliferation or increased phosphorylation of AKT, leading to cellular survival. GRCR antagonists and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are useful agents to prevent RTK transactivation and inhibit proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moody
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Training, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Irene Ramos-Alvarez
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, Digestive Diseases Branch, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, Digestive Diseases Branch, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
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10
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Arisan ED, Rencuzogullari O, Keskin B, Grant GH, Uysal-Onganer P. Inhibition on JNK Mimics Silencing of Wnt-11 Mediated Cellular Response in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070142. [PMID: 32605008 PMCID: PMC7407974 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men, and one of the leading causes of cancer death for men. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is required for several cellular functions, such as survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Wnt-11, a member of the Wnt family, has been identified for its upregulation in PCa; however, downstream signalling of Wnt-11 remains to be fully characterized. In this study, we investigated the role of the JNK pathway as a potential downstream factor for Wnt-11 signalling. For this purpose, LNCaP, DU145, and PC-3 PCa cells and normal epithelial PNT1A cells were treated with a specific JNK kinase inhibitor: JNKVIII. Our results showed that JNK inhibition decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and promoted cell death in a cell type-dependent manner. We found that JNK inhibition led to an increase in autophagy and prevented epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in independently growing androgen cells. JNK inhibition and the silencing of Wnt-11 showed similar responses in DU145 and PC-3 cells and decreased metastasis-related biomarkers, cell migration, and invasion. Overall, our results suggest that JNK signalling plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of PCa by mediating Wnt-11 induced signals. Our data highlights that both the JNK pathway and Wnt-11 could be a useful therapeutic target for the combinatory application of current PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Damla Arisan
- Gebze Technical University, Institute of Biotechnology, 41400 Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey;
| | - Ozge Rencuzogullari
- Istanbul Kultur University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atakoy Campus, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey; (O.R.); (B.K.)
| | - Buse Keskin
- Istanbul Kultur University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atakoy Campus, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey; (O.R.); (B.K.)
| | - Guy H. Grant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Park Square, Luton LU1 3JU, UK;
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)207-911-5151 (ext. 64581)
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Nikolaou S, Qiu S, Fiorentino F, Simillis C, Rasheed S, Tekkis P, Kontovounisios C. The role of Neurotensin and its receptors in non-gastrointestinal cancers: a review. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:68. [PMID: 32336282 PMCID: PMC7183616 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurotensin, originally isolated in 1973 has both endocrine and neuromodulator activity and acts through its three main receptors. Their role in promoting tumour cell proliferation, migration, DNA synthesis has been studied in a wide range of cancers. Expression of Neurotensin and its receptors has also been correlated to prognosis and prediction to treatment. Main body The effects of NT are mediated through mitogen-activated protein kinases, epidermal growth factor receptors and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases amongst others. This review is a comprehensive summary of the molecular pathways by which Neurotensin and its receptors act in cancer cells. Conclusion Identifying the role of Neurotensin in the underlying molecular mechanisms in various cancers can give way to developing new agnostic drugs and personalizing treatment according to the genomic structure of various cancers. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Nikolaou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Shengyang Qiu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Francesca Fiorentino
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Constantinos Simillis
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shahnawaz Rasheed
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Paris Tekkis
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Christos Kontovounisios
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. .,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK. .,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK.
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12
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Lee L, Ramos-Alvarez I, Moody TW, Mantey SA, Jensen RT. Neuropeptide bombesin receptor activation stimulates growth of lung cancer cells through HER3 with a MAPK-dependent mechanism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1867:118625. [PMID: 31862538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), prognosis still remains poor and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Studies demonstrate the importance of the EGFR/HER-receptor family in NSCLC growth, as well as that of other tumors. Recently, HER3 is receiving increased attention because of its role in drug resistance and aggressive growth. Activation of overexpressed G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) can also initiate growth by transactivating EGFR/HER-family members. GPCR transactivation of EGFR has been extensively studied, but little is known of its ability to transactivate other EGFR/HER-members, especially HER3. To address this, we studied the ability of bombesin receptor (BnR) activation to transactivate all EGFR/HER-family members and their principal downstream signaling cascades, the PI3K/Akt- and MAPK/ERK-pathways, in human NSCLC cell-lines. In all three cell-lines studied, which possessed EGFR, HER2 and HER3, Bn rapidly transactivated EGFR, HER2 and HER3, as well as Akt and ERK. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed Bn-induced formation of both HER3/EGFR- and HER3/HER2-heterodimers. Specific EGFR/HER3 antibodies or siRNA-knockdown of EGFR and HER3, demonstrated Bn-stimulated activation of EGFR/HER members is initially through HER3, not EGFR. In addition, specific inhibition of HER3, HER2 or MAPK, abolished Bn-stimulated cell-growth, while neither EGFR nor Akt inhibition had an effect. These results show HER3 transactivation mediates all growth effects of BnR activation through MAPK. These results raise the possibility that targeting HER3 alone or with GPCR activation and its signal cascades, may be a novel therapeutic approach in NSCLC. This is especially relevant with the recent development of HER3-blocking antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingaku Lee
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irene Ramos-Alvarez
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Terry W Moody
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Office of the Director, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samuel A Mantey
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Moody TW, Lee L, Ramos-Alvarez I, Jensen RT. Neurotensin receptors regulate transactivation of the EGFR and HER2 in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172735. [PMID: 31614143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurotensin is a 13 amino acid peptide which is present in many lung cancer cell lines. Neurotensin binds with high affinity to the neurotensin receptor 1, and functions as an autocrine growth factor in lung cancer cells. Neurotensin increases tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the neurotensin receptor 1 antagonist SR48692 blocks the transactivation of the EGFR. Here the effects of reactive oxygen species on the transactivation of the EGFR and HER2 were investigated. Using non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, neurotensin receptor 1 mRNA and protein were present. Using NCI-H838 cells, neurotensin or neurotensin8-13 but not neurotensin1-8 increased EGFR, ERK and HER2 tyrosine phosphorylation which was blocked by SR48692. Neurotensin addition to NCI-H838 cells increased significantly reactive oxygen species which was inhibited by SR48692, Tiron (superoxide scavenger) and diphenylene iodonium (DPI inhibits the ability of NADPH oxidase and dual oxidase enzymes to produce reactive oxygen species). Tiron or DPI impaired the ability of neurotensin to increase EGFR, ERK and HER2 tyrosine phosphorylation. Neurotensin stimulated NSCLC cellular proliferation whereas the growth was inhibited by SR48692, DPI or lapatinib (lapatinib is tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the EGFR and HER2). Lapatinib inhibited the ability of the neurotensin receptor 1 to transactivate the EGFR and HER2. The results indicate that neurotensin receptor 1 regulates the transactivation of the EGFR and HER2 in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moody
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Lingaku Lee
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, Digestive Diseases Branch, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Irene Ramos-Alvarez
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, Digestive Diseases Branch, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, Digestive Diseases Branch, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Neurotensin Receptor-1 Expression in Human Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study on Primary Tumors and Lymph Node Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071721. [PMID: 30959962 PMCID: PMC6479796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin and its high-affinity receptor, NTR1, are involved in the growth of various tumors. Few data are available regarding NTR1 expression in normal and tumoral human prostate tissue samples. NTR1 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry in 12 normal prostate tissues, 11 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 44 prostate cancers, and 15 related metastatic lymph nodes (one per patient, when available). NTR1-staining was negative in normal prostate and BPH samples. NTR1 was overexpressed in four out of 44 (9.1%) primary tumors. There was no clear association between NTR1 overexpression and age, PSA-values, Gleason score, pT-status, nodal-status, or margin. NTR1 was expressed at a high level of five out of 15 (33.3%) metastatic lymph nodes. NTR1 overexpression was thus more frequent in metastatic lymph nodes than in primary tumors (p = 0.038). In this limited series of samples, NTR1 overexpression was observed in few primary prostate cancers. Upregulation was more frequent in related lymph nodes. The presence of this target in metastatic lymph nodes may open new perspectives for imaging and radionuclide therapy of prostate cancer. Factors driving NTR1 expression in primary prostate cancer and in nodal and distant metastases still need to be characterized.
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Shen Z, Yang X, Chen Y, Shi L. CAPA periviscerokinin-mediated activation of MAPK/ERK signaling through Gq-PLC-PKC-dependent cascade and reciprocal ERK activation-dependent internalized kinetics of Bom-CAPA-PVK receptor 2. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 98:1-15. [PMID: 29730398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori neuropeptide G protein-coupled receptor (BNGR)-A27 is a specific receptor for B. mori capability (CAPA) periviscerokinin (PVK), that is, Bom-CAPA-PVK receptor 2. Upon stimulation of Bom-CAPA-PVK-1 or -PVK-2, Bom-CAPA-PVK receptor 2 significantly increases cAMP-response element-controlled luciferase activity and Ca2+ mobilization in a Gq inhibitor-sensitive manner. However, the underlying mechanism(s) for CAPA/CAPA receptor system mediation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) activation remains to be explained further. Here, we discovered that Bom-CAPA-PVK receptor 2 stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner in response to Bom-CAPA-PVK-1 or -PVK-2 with similar potencies. Furthermore, ERK1/2 phosphorylation can be inhibited by Gq inhibitor UBO-QIC, PLC inhibitor U73122, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Go 6983, phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitor FIPI and Ca2+ chelators EGTA and BAPTA-AM. Moreover, Bom-CAPA-PVK-R2-induced activation of ERK1/2 was significantly attenuated by treatment with the Gβγ-specific inhibitors, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-specific inhibitor Wortmannin and Src-specific inhibitor PP2. Our data also demonstrate that receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) transactivation pathways are involved in the mechanisms of Bom-CAPA-PVK receptor to ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, β-arrestin1/2 is not involved in Bom-CAPA-PVK-R2-mediated ERK1/2 activation but required for the agonist-independent, ERK1/2 activation-dependent internalization of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfei Shen
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Liangen Shi
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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16
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Deng H, Wang H, Zhang H, Wang M, Giglio B, Ma X, Jiang G, Yuan H, Wu Z, Li Z. Imaging Neurotensin Receptor in Prostate Cancer With 64Cu-Labeled Neurotensin Analogs. Mol Imaging 2018; 16:1536012117711369. [PMID: 28849698 PMCID: PMC6081756 DOI: 10.1177/1536012117711369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR-1) is expressed and activated in prostate cancer cells. In this study, we explore the NTR expression in normal mouse tissues and study the positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of NTR in prostate cancer models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three 64Cu chelators (1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid [DOTA], 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N″-triacetic acid [NOTA], or AmBaSar) were conjugated to an NT analog. Neurotensin receptor binding affinity was evaluated using cell binding assay. The imaging profile of radiolabeled probes was compared in well-established NTR+ HT-29 tumor model. Stability of the probes was tested. The selected agents were further evaluated in human prostate cancer PC3 xenografts. RESULTS All 3 NT conjugates retained the majority of NTR binding affinity. In HT-29 tumor, all agents demonstrated prominent tumor uptake. Although comparable stability was observed, 64Cu-NOTA-NT and 64Cu-AmBaSar-NT demonstrated improved tumor to background contrast compared with 64Cu-DOTA-NT. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging of the NTR expression in PC-3 xenografts showed high tumor uptake of the probes, correlating with the in vitro Western blot results. Blocking experiments further confirmed receptor specificity. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that 64Cu-labeled neurotensin analogs are promising imaging agents for NTR-positive tumors. These agents may help us identify NTR-positive lesions and predict which patients and individual tumors are likely to respond to novel interventions targeting NTR-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaifu Deng
- 1 Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,2 PET/CT Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- 1 Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - He Zhang
- 1 Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,3 Department of Radiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- 1 Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ben Giglio
- 1 Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xiaofen Ma
- 1 Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,4 Department of Medical Imaging, Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Jiang
- 4 Department of Medical Imaging, Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- 1 Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- 1 Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zibo Li
- 1 Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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17
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Wang W, Qiao Y, Li Z. New Insights into Modes of GPCR Activation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:367-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Jallow F, Brockman JL, Helzer KT, Rugowski DE, Goffin V, Alarid ET, Schuler LA. 17 β-Estradiol and ICI182,780 Differentially Regulate STAT5 Isoforms in Female Mammary Epithelium, With Distinct Outcomes. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:293-309. [PMID: 29594259 PMCID: PMC5842396 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) and estrogen cooperate in lobuloalveolar development of the mammary gland and jointly regulate gene expression in breast cancer cells in vitro. Canonical PRL signaling activates STAT5A/B, homologous proteins that have different target genes and functions. Although STAT5A/B are important for physiological mammary function and tumor pathophysiology, little is known about regulation of their expression, particularly of STAT5B, and the consequences for hormone action. In this study, we examined the effect of two estrogenic ligands, 17β-estradiol (E2) and the clinical antiestrogen, ICI182,780 (ICI, fulvestrant) on expression of STAT5 isoforms and resulting crosstalk with PRL in normal and tumor murine mammary epithelial cell lines. In all cell lines, E2 and ICI significantly increased protein and corresponding nascent and mature transcripts for STAT5A and STAT5B, respectively. Transcriptional regulation of STAT5A and STAT5B by E2 and ICI, respectively, is associated with recruitment of estrogen receptor alpha and increased H3K27Ac at a common intronic enhancer 10 kb downstream of the Stat5a transcription start site. Further, E2 and ICI induced different transcripts associated with differentiation and tumor behavior. In tumor cells, E2 also significantly increased proliferation, invasion, and stem cell-like activity, whereas ICI had no effect. To evaluate the role of STAT5B in these responses, we reduced STAT5B expression using short hairpin (sh) RNA. shSTAT5B blocked ICI-induced transcripts associated with metastasis and the epithelial mesenchymal transition in both cell types. shSTAT5B also blocked E2-induced invasion of tumor epithelium without altering E2-induced transcripts. Together, these studies indicate that STAT5B mediates a subset of protumorigenic responses to both E2 and ICI, underscoring the need to understand regulation of its expression and suggesting exploration as a possible therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatou Jallow
- Endocrinology/Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jennifer L Brockman
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kyle T Helzer
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Debra E Rugowski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Elaine T Alarid
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Linda A Schuler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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19
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Korbecki J, Gutowska I, Kojder I, Jeżewski D, Goschorska M, Łukomska A, Lubkowska A, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. New extracellular factors in glioblastoma multiforme development: neurotensin, growth differentiation factor-15, sphingosine-1-phosphate and cytomegalovirus infection. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7219-7270. [PMID: 29467963 PMCID: PMC5805549 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen considerable progress in understanding the biochemistry of cancer. For example, more significance is now assigned to the tumor microenvironment, especially with regard to intercellular signaling in the tumor niche which depends on many factors secreted by tumor cells. In addition, great progress has been made in understanding the influence of factors such as neurotensin, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) on the 'hallmarks of cancer' in glioblastoma multiforme. Therefore, in the present work we describe the influence of these factors on the proliferation and apoptosis of neoplastic cells, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis, migration and invasion, and cancer immune evasion in a glioblastoma multiforme tumor. In particular, we discuss the effect of neurotensin, GDF-15, S1P (including the drug FTY720), and infection with CMV on tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), microglial cells, neutrophil and regulatory T cells (Treg), on the tumor microenvironment. In order to better understand the role of the aforementioned factors in tumoral processes, we outline the latest models of intratumoral heterogeneity in glioblastoma multiforme. Based on the most recent reports, we discuss the problems of multi-drug therapy in treating glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biała, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Kojder
- Department of Applied Neurocognitivistics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jeżewski
- Department of Applied Neurocognitivistics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Łukomska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Ramírez-Reveco A, Villarroel-Espíndola F, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Concha II. Neuronal signaling repertoire in the mammalian sperm functionality. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:505-524. [PMID: 28339693 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.144154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The common embryonic origin has been a recurrent explanation to understand the presence of "neural receptors" in sperm. However, this designation has conditioned a bias marked by the classical neurotransmission model, dismissing the possibility that neurotransmitters can play specific roles in the sperm function by themselves. For instance, the launching of acrosome reaction, a fundamental sperm function, includes several steps that recall the process of presynaptic secretion. Unlike of postsynaptic neuron, whose activation is mediated by molecular interaction between neurotransmitter and postsynaptic receptors, the oocyte activation is not mediated by receptors, but by cytosolic translocation of sperm phospholipase (PLCζ). Thus, the sperm has a cellular design to access and activate the oocyte and restore the ploidy of the species by an "allogenic pronuclear fusion." At subcellular level, the events controlling sperm function, particularly the capacitation process, are activated by chemical signals that trigger ion fluxes, sterol oxidation, synthesis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, protein kinase A activation, tyrosine phosphorylations and calcium signaling, which correspond to second messengers similar to those associated with exocytosis and growth cone guidance in neurons. Classically, the sperm function associated with neural signals has been analyzed as a unidimensional approach (single ligand-receptor effect). However, the in vivo sperm are exposed to multidimensional signaling context, for example, the GABAergic, monoaminergic, purinergic, cholinergic, and melatoninergic, to name a few. The aim of this review is to present an overview of sperm functionality associated with "neuronal signaling" and possible cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ramírez-Reveco
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Franz Villarroel-Espíndola
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Department of Pathology and Pediatric Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joan E Rodríguez-Gil
- Unitat de Reproducció Animal, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ilona I Concha
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Qian J, Gu Y, Wu C, Yu F, Chen Y, Zhu J, Yao X, Bei C, Zhu Q. Agonist-induced activation of human FFA1 receptor signals to extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 through Gq- and Gi-coupled signaling cascades. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2017; 22:13. [PMID: 28747926 PMCID: PMC5522598 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-017-0043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background FFA1 is abundantly expressed in the liver, skeletal muscle, monocytes and nervous system, but is particularly abundant in pancreatic β cells. It is widely believed that FFA1 exerts its regulatory roles in a variety of physiological and pathological functions. In response to oleic acid, FFA1 has been shown to induce the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) through a mechanism involving EGFR transactivation in a breast cancer cell line. However, the underlying molecular mechanism for ERK1/2 activation mediated by n-6 free fatty acid (LA) in HEK293 cells remains to be further elucidated. Methods A FLAG-FFA1 vector was stably expressed in HEK293 cells. Western blot analysis was applied to investigate the change in LA-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation change in response to kinase inhibitors. Arrestin-2/3-specific siRNA was used to analyze the effect of arrestin-2/3 knockdown on FFA1-mediated ERK1/2 activation. Results We proved that activation of ERK1/2 by LA was rapid, peaking at 5 min. Further experiments proved that FFA1 couples to a Gq protein and activates PI-PLC, which induces the IP3/Ca2+ and DAG/PKC signal pathways, both of which are involved in ERK1/2 activation. We also showed that there is no EGFR transactivation, arrestin-2/3 or Gβγ pathway participation in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Treating cells with PTX abolished ERK1/2 activation at a late time point (≥20 min), indicating a critical role for Gi subunits in FFA1-mediated ERK1/2 activation. Conclusions Our study provides a detailed delineation of the LA-mediated activation of ERK1/2 in HEK293 cells that are stably transfected with human FFA1. We also present evidence of Gi/Gq-induced synergism in the regulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These observations may provide new insights into the pharmacological effects of FFA1 and the physiological functions modulated by FFA1-mediated activation of ERK1/2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s11658-017-0043-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- Huzhou University Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, HuZhou, 313000 China
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Huzhou University Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, HuZhou, 313000 China
| | - Chun Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Feng Yu
- Huzhou University Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, HuZhou, 313000 China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Huzhou University Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, HuZhou, 313000 China
| | - Jingmei Zhu
- Huzhou University Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, HuZhou, 313000 China
| | - Xingyi Yao
- Huzhou University Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, HuZhou, 313000 China
| | - Chen Bei
- Huzhou University Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, HuZhou, 313000 China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Huzhou University Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, HuZhou, 313000 China
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Xia S, He C, Zhu Y, Wang S, Li H, Zhang Z, Jiang X, Liu J. GABA BR-Induced EGFR Transactivation Promotes Migration of Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:265-277. [PMID: 28424220 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) act in concert to regulate cell growth, proliferation, survival, and migration. Metabotropic GABAB receptor (GABABR) is the GPCR for the main inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the central nervous system. Increased expression of GABABR has been detected in human cancer tissues and cancer cell lines, but the role of GABABR in these cells is controversial and the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether GABABR hijacks RTK signaling to modulate the fates of human prostate cancer cells. RTK array analysis revealed that the GABABR-specific agonist baclofen selectively induced the transactivation of EGFR in PC-3 cells. EGFR transactivation resulted in the activation of ERK1/2 by a mechanism that is dependent on Gi/o protein and that requires matrix metalloproteinase-mediated proligand shedding. Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GABABR, such as CGP7930, rac-BHFF, and GS39783, can function as PAM agonists to induce EGFR transactivation and subsequent ERK1/2 activation. Moreover, both baclofen and CGP7930 promoted cell migration and invasion through EGFR signaling. In summary, our observations demonstrated that GABABR transactivated EGFR in a ligand-dependent mechanism to promote prostate cancer cell migration and invasion, thus providing new insights into developing a novel strategy for prostate cancer treatment by targeting neurotransmitter signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xia
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong He
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yini Zhu
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyun Wang
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Li
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongling Zhang
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinnong Jiang
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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23
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Wu Z, Galmiche A, Liu J, Stadler N, Wendum D, Segal-Bendirdjian E, Paradis V, Forgez P. Neurotensin regulation induces overexpression and activation of EGFR in HCC and restores response to erlotinib and sorafenib. Cancer Lett 2017; 388:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Makris G, Tseligka ED, Pirmettis I, Papadopoulos MS, Vizirianakis IS, Papagiannopoulou D. Development and Pharmacological Evaluation of New Bone-Targeted (99m)Tc-Radiolabeled Bisphosphonates. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2301-17. [PMID: 27170456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel bisphosphonate, 1-(3-aminopropylamino)ethane-1,1-diyldiphosphonic acid (3), was coupled to the tridentate chelators di-2-picolylamine, 2-picolylamine-N-acetic acid, iminodiacetic acid, 3-((2-aminoethyl)thio)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid, and 2-((2-carboxyethyl)thio)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid to form ligands 6, 9, 11, 15, and 19, respectively. Organometallic complexes of the general formula [Re/(99m)Tc(CO)3(κ(3)-L)] were synthesized, where L denotes ligand 6, 9, 11, 15, or 19. The rhenium complexes were prepared at the macroscopic level and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The technetium-99m organometallic complexes were synthesized in high yield and were identified by comparative reversed-phase HPLC with their Re analogues. The (99m)Tc tracers were stable in vitro and exhibited binding to hydroxyapatite. In biodistribution studies, all of the (99m)Tc complexes exhibited high bone uptake superior to that of 25, which is the directly (99m)Tc-labeled bisphosphonate 3, and comparable to that of (99m)Tc-methylene diphosphonate ((99m)Tc-MDP). The tracers [(99m)Tc(CO)3(6)] (26), [(99m)Tc(CO)3(9)] (27), [(99m)Tc(CO)3(11)] (28), and [(99m)Tc(CO)3(15)] (29) exhibited higher bone/blood ratios than (99m)Tc-MDP. 26 had the highest bone uptake at 1 h p.i. The new bisphosphonates showed no substantial growth inhibitory capacity in PC-3, Saos-2, and MCF-7 established cancer cell lines at low concentrations. Incubation of 26 with the same cancer cell lines indicated a rapid and saturated uptake. The promising properties of 26-29 indicate their potential for use as bone-imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Makris
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Frederick University , 1036 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Ioannis Pirmettis
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety (INRASTES), NCSR "Demokritos" 15310 Agia Paraskevi-Athens, Greece
| | - Minas S Papadopoulos
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety (INRASTES), NCSR "Demokritos" 15310 Agia Paraskevi-Athens, Greece
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25
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Lai X, Ye L, Liao Y, Jin L, Ma Q, Lu B, Sun Y, Shi Y, Zhou N. Agonist-induced activation of histamine H3 receptor signals to extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 through PKC-, PLD-, and EGFR-dependent mechanisms. J Neurochem 2016; 137:200-15. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Lai
- Institute of Biochemistry; College of Life Science; Zijingang Campus; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Lingyan Ye
- Institute of Biochemistry; College of Life Science; Zijingang Campus; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Yuan Liao
- Institute of Biochemistry; College of Life Science; Zijingang Campus; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Lili Jin
- Institute of Biochemistry; College of Life Science; Zijingang Campus; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Institute of Biochemistry; College of Life Science; Zijingang Campus; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Bing Lu
- Institute of Biochemistry; College of Life Science; Zijingang Campus; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Yi Sun
- Institute of Biochemistry; College of Life Science; Zijingang Campus; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Biochemistry; College of Life Science; Zijingang Campus; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Naiming Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry; College of Life Science; Zijingang Campus; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
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26
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Wang Z. Transactivation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor by G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Recent Progress, Challenges and Future Research. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010095. [PMID: 26771606 PMCID: PMC4730337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor-tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate large signaling networks, control multiple cell functions and are implicated in many diseases including various cancers. Both of them are also the top therapeutic targets for disease treatment. The discovery of the cross-talk between GPCRs and RTKs connects these two vast signaling networks and complicates the already complicated signaling networks that regulate cell signaling and function. In this review, we focus on the transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a subfamily of RTKs, by GPCRs. Since the first report of EGFR transactivation by GPCR, significant progress has been made including the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the transactivation. Here, we first provide a basic picture for GPCR, EGFR and EGFR transactivation by GPCR. We then discuss the progress made in the last five years and finally provided our view of the future challenge and future researches needed to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Wang
- The Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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27
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Moody TW, Moreno P, Jensen RT. Neuropeptides as lung cancer growth factors. Peptides 2015; 72:106-11. [PMID: 25836991 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript is written in honor of the Festschrift for Abba Kastin. I met Abba at a Society for Neuroscience meeting and learned that he was Editor-in-Chief of the Journal Peptides. I submitted manuscripts to the journal on "Neuropeptides as Growth Factors in Cancer" and subsequently was named to the Editorial Advisory Board. Over the past 30 years I have published dozens of manuscripts in Peptides and reviewed hundreds of submitted manuscripts. It was always rewarding to interact with Abba, a consummate professional. When I attended meetings in New Orleans I would sometimes go out to dinner with him at the restaurant "Commanders Palace". When I chaired the Summer Neuropeptide Conference we were honored to have him receive the Fleur Strand Award one year in Israel. I think that his biggest editorial contribution has been the "Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides." I served as a Section Editor on "Cancer/Anticancer Peptides" and again found that it was a pleasure working with him. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which bombesin-like peptides, neurotensin and vasoactive intestinal peptide regulate the growth of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moody
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Office of the Director, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Paola Moreno
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Disease, Digestive Diseases Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Disease, Digestive Diseases Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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28
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Functional upregulation of the H2S/Cav3.2 channel pathway accelerates secretory function in neuroendocrine-differentiated human prostate cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 97:300-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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29
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Zhou Z, Zhou Z, Xie J, Cai Y, Yang S, Chen Y, Wu H. The significance of NTR1 expression and its correlation with β-catenin and EGFR in gastric cancer. Diagn Pathol 2015. [PMID: 26215716 PMCID: PMC4517349 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several reports indicate the high-affinity receptor of NT (neurotensin), NTR1 (neurotensin receptor 1), in numerous detrimental functions linked to neoplastic progression of several cancer types. Recently, it has also been shown that NTR1 gene is a target of the Wnt/APC oncogenic pathways connected with the β-catenin/Tcf transcriptional complex and NT can stimulate cancer proliferation in an EGFR-dependent mechanism. In this study, we explored NTR1, β-catenin and EGFR expression in gastric cancer. The possible associations of NTR1 expression with clinicopathological factors, prognosis, β-catenin and EGFR were analyzed. METHODS NTR1, β-catenin and EGFR expression in gastric cancer tissues and the adjacent normal tissues of 210 cases was detected by Immunohistochemistry. The possible associations of NTR1 expression with clinicopathological data, prognosis, β-catenin and EGFR were analyzed. RESULTS 1. NTR1 expression in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (P <0 .01). 2. Its expression was positively correlated with pathological grade, T stage, N stage and TNM stage and was not correlated with sex, age, tumor size and Lauren's classification. 3. A co-expression of NTR1 and nuclear β-catenin was in 53 (25.2 %) of cases and NTR1 expression was positively correlated with β-catenin nuclear translocation. NTR1 expression was not correlated with EGFR expression, but at a critical value (P = 0.05). 4. By log-rank test, higher expression of NTR1, higher pathological grade, diffusion Lauren's classification and advanced TNM stage showed worse prognosis (P <0 .05). Age, sex, tumor size, β-catenin and EGFR had no prognostic significance. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that NTR1 expression and TNM clinical stage (P <0 .05) were the independent prognostic factors for patients with GC. CONCLUSION By immunohistochemistry, we found that a high expression of NTR1 in GC specimens, which showed a bad prognosis, besides, NTR1 expression was related to invasion and migration of GC. These findings provide new and important information on the progression of GC. This study indicated that NTR1 may play an important role in tumor progression of GC and have its potential to be a predictive biomarker or a therapeutic molecular target in GC. The interaction between NTR1 and β-catenin may participate in the development of GC. However, the relationship between NTR1 and EGFR needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhouyi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | - Jiaming Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Shudong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - HaoRong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
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30
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Dupouy S, Doan VK, Wu Z, Mourra N, Liu J, De Wever O, Llorca FP, Cayre A, Kouchkar A, Gompel A, Forgez P. Activation of EGFR, HER2 and HER3 by neurotensin/neurotensin receptor 1 renders breast tumors aggressive yet highly responsive to lapatinib and metformin in mice. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8235-51. [PMID: 25249538 PMCID: PMC4226680 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A present challenge in breast oncology research is to identify therapeutical targets which could impact tumor progression. Neurotensin (NTS) and its high affinity receptor (NTSR1) are up regulated in 20% of breast cancers, and NTSR1 overexpression was shown to predict a poor prognosis for 5 year overall survival in invasive breast carcinomas. Interactions between NTS and NTSR1 induce pro-oncogenic biological effects associated with neoplastic processes and tumor progression. Here, we depict the cellular mechanisms activated by NTS, and contributing to breast cancer cell aggressiveness. We show that neurotensin (NTS) and its high affinity receptor (NTSR1) contribute to the enhancement of experimental tumor growth and metastasis emergence in an experimental mice model. This effect ensued following EGFR, HER2, and HER3 over-expression and autocrine activation and was associated with an increase of metalloproteinase MMP9, HB-EGF and Neuregulin 2 in the culture media. EGFR over expression ensued in a more intense response to EGF on cellular migration and invasion. Accordingly, lapatinib, an EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as well as metformin, reduced the tumor growth of cells overexpressing NTS and NTSR1. All cellular effects, such as adherence, migration, invasion, altered by NTS/NTSR1 were abolished by a specific NTSR1 antagonist. A strong statistical correlation between NTS-NTSR1-and HER3 (p< 0.0001) as well as NTS-NTSR1-and HER3- HER2 (p< 0.001) expression was found in human breast tumors. Expression of NTS/NTSR1 on breast tumoral cells creates a cellular context associated with cancer aggressiveness by enhancing epidermal growth factor receptor activity. We propose the use of labeled NTS/NTSR1 complexes to enlarge the population eligible for therapy targeting HERs tyrosine kinase inhibitor or HER2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zherui Wu
- UMRS U938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France. UMRS 1007, Université Paris Descartes 45, Paris, France
| | - Najat Mourra
- UMRS U938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France. Pathology Department Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Jin Liu
- UMRS 1007, Université Paris Descartes 45, Paris, France
| | - Olivier De Wever
- The Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Anne Cayre
- Pathology Department, Jean Perrin center, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Amal Kouchkar
- Pathology Department, Alger Pierre and Marie Curie center, Algeria
| | - Anne Gompel
- UMRS 1007, Université Paris Descartes 45, Paris, France. Gynecology Unit, Université Paris Descartes, APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Cochin Hôtel-Dieu Broca, Paris, France
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31
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Hu CD, Choo R, Huang J. Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer: a mechanism of radioresistance and treatment failure. Front Oncol 2015; 5:90. [PMID: 25927031 PMCID: PMC4396194 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in prostate cancer is a well-recognized phenotypic change by which prostate cancer cells transdifferentiate into neuroendocrine-like (NE-like) cells. NE-like cells lack the expression of androgen receptor and prostate specific antigen, and are resistant to treatments. In addition, NE-like cells secrete peptide hormones and growth factors to support the growth of surrounding tumor cells in a paracrine manner. Accumulated evidence has suggested that NED is associated with disease progression and poor prognosis. The importance of NED in prostate cancer progression and therapeutic response is further supported by the fact that therapeutic agents, including androgen-deprivation therapy, chemotherapeutic agents, and radiotherapy, also induce NED. We will review the work supporting the overall hypothesis that therapy-induced NED is a mechanism of resistance to treatments, as well as discuss the relationship between therapy-induced NED and therapy-induced senescence, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cells. Furthermore, we will use radiation-induced NED as a model to explore several NED-based targeting strategies for development of novel therapeutics. Finally, we propose future studies that will specifically address therapy-induced NED in the hope that a better treatment regimen for prostate cancer can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Deng Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN , USA
| | - Richard Choo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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32
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Overland AC, Insel PA. Heterotrimeric G proteins directly regulate MMP14/membrane type-1 matrix metalloprotease: a novel mechanism for GPCR-EGFR transactivation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9941-7. [PMID: 25759388 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c115.647073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Agonist stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can transactivate epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs), but the precise mechanisms for this transactivation have not been defined. Key to this process is the protease-mediated "shedding" of membrane-tethered ligands, which then activate EGFRs. The specific proteases and the events involved in GPCR-EGFR transactivation are not fully understood. We have tested the hypothesis that transactivation can occur by a membrane-delimited process: direct increase in the activity of membrane type-1 matrix metalloprotease (MMP14, MT1-MMP) by heterotrimeric G proteins, and in turn, the generation of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) and activation of EGFR. Using membranes prepared from adult rat cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts, we found that MMP14 activity is increased by angiotensin II, phenylephrine, GTP, and guanosine 5'-O-[γ-thio]triphosphate (GTPγS). MMP14 activation by GTPγS occurs in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, does not occur in response to GMP or adenosine 5'-[γ-thio]triphosphate (ATPγS), and is not blunted by inhibitors of Src, PKC, phospholipase C (PLC), PI3K, or soluble MMPs. This activation is specific to MMP14 as it is inhibited by a specific MMP14 peptide inhibitor and siRNA knockdown. MMP14 activation by GTPγS is pertussis toxin-sensitive. A role for heterotrimeric G protein βγ subunits was shown by using the Gβγ inhibitor gallein and the direct activation of recombinant MMP14 by purified βγ subunits. GTPγS-stimulated activation of MMP14 also results in membrane release of HB-EGF and the activation of EGFR. These results define a previously unrecognized, membrane-delimited mechanism for EGFR transactivation via direct G protein activation of MMP14 and identify MMP14 as a heterotrimeric G protein-regulated effector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A Insel
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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33
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The potential of neurotensin secreted from neuroendocrine tumor cells to promote gelsolin-mediated invasiveness of prostate adenocarcinoma cells. J Transl Med 2015; 95:283-95. [PMID: 25581609 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine (NE) cells in prostate cancer have been shown to be associated with the progression of prostate cancer. However, little is known about the molecular basis of this association. We have previously demonstrated that NE cells promote metastasis of a human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) with overexpression of the gelsolin gene. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactions between NE cells and LNCaP cells and the involvement of gelsolin in contributing to the invasive potential of LNCaP cells. In addition, we examined whether neurotensin induced gelsolin-mediated invasion. We used the NE cell line NE-CS that was established from the prostate of the LPB-Tag 12T-10 transgenic mouse. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting gelsolin or not targeting it was transfected into LNCaP cells. Cell invasion was assessed by Matrigel invasion assay. The supernatant of NE-CS cells and neurotensin induced the transformation of LNCaP cells. Neurotensin was observed in the supernatant of NE-CS cells but not in LNCaP cells. The siRNA targeting of gelsolin resulted in inhibition of invasion of LNCaP cells in the culture medium with neurotensin added, and in the supernatant of NE-CS cells with epidermal growth factor. The invasive potential of LNCaP cells enhanced by neurotensin or the supernatant of NE-CS cells through neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) was blocked by a phospholipase Cγ inhibitor and an intracellular calcium chelator, with concomitant gelsolin suppression. This study indicates that NE cells and neurotensin induce gelsolin-mediated invasion of LNCaP cells through NTSR1 activation.
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34
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Ouyang Q, Gong X, Xiao H, Zhou J, Xu M, Dai Y, Xu L, Feng H, Cui H, Yi L. Neurotensin promotes the progression of malignant glioma through NTSR1 and impacts the prognosis of glioma patients. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:21. [PMID: 25644759 PMCID: PMC4351837 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The poor prognosis and minimally successful treatments of malignant glioma indicate a challenge to identify new therapeutic targets which impact glioma progression. Neurotensin (NTS) and its high affinity receptor (NTSR1) overexpression induces neoplastic growth and predicts the poor prognosis in various malignancies. Whether NTS can promote the glioma progression and its prognostic significance for glioma patients remains unclear. Methods NTS precursor (ProNTS), NTS and NTSR1 expression levels in glioma were detected by immunobloting Elisa and immunohistochemistry assay. The prognostic analysis was conducted from internet by R2 microarray platform. Glioma cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK8 and BrdU incorporation assay. Wound healing model and Matrigel transwell assay were utilized to test cellular migration and invasion. The orthotopic glioma implantations were established to analyze the role of NTS and NTSR1 in glioma progression in vivo. Results Positive correlations were shown between the expression levels of NTS and NTSR1 with the pathological grade of gliomas. The high expression levels of NTS and NTSR1 indicate a worse prognosis in glioma patients. The proliferation and invasiveness of glioma cells could be enhanced by NTS stimulation and impaired by the inhibition of NTSR1. NTS stimulated Erk1/2 phosphorylation in glioma cells, which could be reversed by SR48692 or NTSR1-siRNA. In vivo experiments showed that SR48692 significantly prolonged the survival length of glioma-bearing mice and inhibited glioma cell invasiveness. Conclusion NTS promotes the proliferation and invasion of glioma via the activation of NTSR1. High expression levels of NTS and NTSR1 predict a poor prognosis in glioma patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0290-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xueyang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hualiang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yun Dai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Lunshan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Liang Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Braadland PR, Ramberg H, Grytli HH, Taskén KA. β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2015; 4:375. [PMID: 25629002 PMCID: PMC4290544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced sympathetic signaling, often associated with obesity and chronic stress, is increasingly acknowledged as a contributor to cancer aggressiveness. In prostate cancer, intact sympathetic nerves are critical for tumor formation, and sympathectomy induces apoptosis and blocks tumor growth. Perineural invasion, involving enrichment of intra-prostatic nerves, is frequently observed in prostate cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), the most abundant receptor for sympathetic signals in prostate luminal cells, has been shown to regulate trans-differentiation of cancer cells to neuroendocrine-like cells and to affect apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, migration, and metastasis. Epidemiologic studies have shown that use of β-blockers, inhibiting β-adrenergic receptor activity, is associated with reduced prostate cancer-specific mortality. In this review, we aim to present an overview on how β-adrenergic receptor and its downstream signaling cascade influence the development of aggressive prostate cancer, primarily through regulating neuroendocrine differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder Rustøen Braadland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Håkon Ramberg
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Helene Hartvedt Grytli
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Kristin Austlid Taskén
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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Cattaneo F, Guerra G, Parisi M, De Marinis M, Tafuri D, Cinelli M, Ammendola R. Cell-surface receptors transactivation mediated by g protein-coupled receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19700-28. [PMID: 25356505 PMCID: PMC4264134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151119700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are seven transmembrane-spanning proteins belonging to a large family of cell-surface receptors involved in many intracellular signaling cascades. Despite GPCRs lack intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, tyrosine phosphorylation of a tyrosine kinase receptor (RTK) occurs in response to binding of specific agonists of several such receptors, triggering intracellular mitogenic cascades. This suggests that the notion that GPCRs are associated with the regulation of post-mitotic cell functions is no longer believable. Crosstalk between GPCR and RTK may occur by different molecular mechanism such as the activation of metalloproteases, which can induce the metalloprotease-dependent release of RTK ligands, or in a ligand-independent manner involving membrane associated non-receptor tyrosine kinases, such as c-Src. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also implicated as signaling intermediates in RTKs transactivation. Intracellular concentration of ROS increases transiently in cells stimulated with GPCR agonists and their deliberated and regulated generation is mainly catalyzed by enzymes that belong to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family. Oxidation and/or reduction of cysteine sulfhydryl groups of phosphatases tightly controls the activity of RTKs and ROS-mediated inhibition of cellular phosphatases results in an equilibrium shift from the non-phosphorylated to the phosphorylated state of RTKs. Many GPCR agonists activate phospholipase C, which catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis-phosphate to produce inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and diacylglicerol. The consequent mobilization of Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum leads to the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. PKCα mediates feedback inhibition of RTK transactivation during GPCR stimulation. Recent data have expanded the coverage of transactivation to include Serine/Threonine kinase receptors and Toll-like receptors. Herein, we discuss the main mechanisms of GPCR-mediated cell-surface receptors transactivation and the pathways involved in intracellular responses induced by GPCR agonists. These studies may suggest the design of novel strategies for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy.
| | - Melania Parisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Marta De Marinis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Sport Science and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples 80133, Italy.
| | - Mariapia Cinelli
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Rosario Ammendola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
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Vlaeminck-Guillem V, Gillet G, Rimokh R. SRC: marker or actor in prostate cancer aggressiveness. Front Oncol 2014; 4:222. [PMID: 25184116 PMCID: PMC4135356 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A key question for urologic practitioners is whether an apparently organ-confined prostate cancer (PCa) is actually aggressive or not. The dilemma is to specifically identify among all prostate tumors the very aggressive high-grade cancers that will become life-threatening by developing extra-prostatic invasion and metastatic potential and the indolent cancers that will never modify a patient's life expectancy. A choice must be made between several therapeutic options to achieve the optimal personalized management of the disease that causes as little harm as possible to patients. Reliable clinical, biological, or pathological markers that would enable distinctions to be made between aggressive and indolent PCas in routine practice at the time of initial diagnosis are still lacking. The molecular mechanisms that explain why a PCa is aggressive or not are also poorly understood. Among the potential markers and/or actors in PCa aggressiveness, Src and other members of the Src kinase family, are valuable candidates. Activation of Src-dependent intracellular pathways is frequently observed in PCa. Indeed, Src is at the cross-roads of several pathways [including androgen receptor (AR), TGFbeta, Bcl-2, Akt/PTEN or MAPK, and ERK …], and is now known to influence some of the cellular and tissular events that accompany tumor progression: cell proliferation, cell motility, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, resistance to apoptosis, angiogenesis, neuroendocrine differentiation, and metastatic spread. Recent work even suggests that Src could also play a part in PCa initiation in coordination with the AR. The aim of this review is to gather data that explore the links between the Src kinase family and PCa progression and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Vlaeminck-Guillem
- University of Lyon, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMS 3453 CNRS, Lyon I University, Léon Bérard Centre , Lyon , France ; Medical Unit of Molecular Oncology and Transfer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils of Lyon , Lyon , France
| | - Germain Gillet
- University of Lyon, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMS 3453 CNRS, Lyon I University, Léon Bérard Centre , Lyon , France
| | - Ruth Rimokh
- University of Lyon, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMS 3453 CNRS, Lyon I University, Léon Bérard Centre , Lyon , France
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SR48692 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer proliferation in an EGF receptor-dependent manner. Life Sci 2014; 100:25-34. [PMID: 24496038 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The mechanism by which SR48692 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) proliferation was investigated. MAIN METHODS The ability of SR48692 to inhibit the proliferation of NSCLC cell lines NCI-H1299 and A549 was investigated in vitro in the presence or absence of neurotensin (NTS). The ability of NTS to cause epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation was investigated by Western blot using NSCLC cells and various inhibitors. The growth effects and Western blot results were determined in cell lines treated with siRNA for NTSR1. KEY FINDINGS Treatment of A549 or NCI-H1299 cells with siRNA for NTSR1 reduced significantly NTSR1 protein and the ability of SR48692 to inhibit the proliferation of A549 or NCI-H1299 NSCLC cells. Treatment of A549 and NCI-H1299 cells with siRNA for NTSR1 reduced the ability of NTS to cause epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation. SR48692 or gefitinib (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor) inhibited the ability of NTS to cause EGFR and ERK tyrosine phosphorylation. NTS transactivation of the EGFR was inhibited by GM6001 (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor), Tiron (superoxide scavenger) or U73122 (phospholipase C inhibitor) but not H89 (PKA inhibitor). NTS stimulates whereas SR48692 or gefitinib inhibits the clonal growth of NSCLC cells. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that SR48692 may inhibit NSCLC proliferation in an EGFR-dependent mechanism.
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Taniguchi K, Xia L, Goldberg HJ, Lee KW, Shah A, Stavar L, Masson EA, Momen A, Shikatani EA, John R, Husain M, Fantus IG. Inhibition of Src kinase blocks high glucose-induced EGFR transactivation and collagen synthesis in mesangial cells and prevents diabetic nephropathy in mice. Diabetes 2013; 62:3874-86. [PMID: 23942551 PMCID: PMC3806624 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to high glucose leads to diabetic nephropathy characterized by increased mesangial matrix protein (e.g., collagen) accumulation. Altered cell signaling and gene expression accompanied by oxidative stress have been documented. The contribution of the tyrosine kinase, c-Src (Src), which is sensitive to oxidative stress, was examined. Cultured rat mesangial cells were exposed to high glucose (25 mmol/L) in the presence and absence of Src inhibitors (PP2, SU6656), Src small interfering RNA (siRNA), and the tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitor, TAPI-2. Src was investigated in vivo by administration of PP2 to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic DBA2/J mice. High glucose stimulated Src, TACE, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2, p38), and collagen IV accumulation in mesangial cells. PP2 and SU6656 blocked high glucose-stimulated phosphorylation of Src Tyr-416, EGFR, and MAPKs. These inhibitors and Src knockdown by siRNA, as well as TAPI-2, also abrogated high glucose-induced phosphorylation of these targets and collagen IV accumulation. In STZ-diabetic mice, albuminuria, increased Src pTyr-416, TACE activation, ERK and EGFR phosphorylation, glomerular collagen accumulation, and podocyte loss were inhibited by PP2. These data indicate a role for Src in a high glucose-Src-TACE-heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-EGFR-MAPK-signaling pathway to collagen accumulation. Thus, Src may provide a novel therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Taniguchi
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Lunedfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ling Xia
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Lunedfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard J. Goldberg
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Lunedfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ken W.K. Lee
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Lunedfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anu Shah
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Lunedfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Stavar
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Lunedfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elodie A.Y. Masson
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Lunedfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdul Momen
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric A. Shikatani
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rohan John
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - I. George Fantus
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Lunedfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author: I. George Fantus,
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DaSilva JO, Amorino GP, Casarez EV, Pemberton B, Parsons SJ. Neuroendocrine-derived peptides promote prostate cancer cell survival through activation of IGF-1R signaling. Prostate 2013; 73. [PMID: 23192379 PMCID: PMC4085781 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine (NE) cells promote the progression of prostate cancer to a castration-resistant state through the production of paracrine growth factors. We have demonstrated this principle using in vitro and in vivo proliferative endpoints; however, the contributions of NE-derived pro-survival factors and anti-apoptosis to this phenomenon have not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS Here, we utilized conditioned-medium (CM) from LNCaP cells, engineered to undergo NE differentiation, and examined its effects on PC3 and LNCaP cell survival. RESULTS Statistically significant changes in clonogenic survival, Annexin V staining, PARP cleavage and trypan blue positivity of approximately twofold were observed in the presence of NE-derived CM relative to control-CM for both LNCaP and PC3 cells. These changes were partially abrogated by antagonists of the neuropeptides neurotensin, bombesin, and PTHrP. Selective inhibitors of IGF-1R, EGFR or Src caused significant and nearly complete blockade of prostate cancer cell survival due to NE secretions. Similar increases in cell survival were observed for LNCaP or PC3 cells treated with NE-derived medium in the presence of docetaxel. Increased phosphorylation of IGF-1R, following treatment with NE-derived medium, was accompanied by decreased protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type F (PTPRF) mRNA, and protein levels. Overexpression of PTPRF decreased cell survival, the amplitude and duration of IGF-1R phosphorylation, and enhanced PARP cleavage in the presence of NE-derived medium. CONCLUSIONS These data support the hypothesis that NE-derived factors act upon prostate cancer cells to stimulate pro-survival signaling and describe a novel mechanism of cross-talk between NE-derived factors and IGF-1R, mediated in part by PTPRF.
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/physiology
- ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/enzymology
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/genetics
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/metabolism
- Neurosecretory Systems/metabolism
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/genetics
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- John O. DaSilva
- Departments of Microbiology, Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - George P. Amorino
- Radiation Oncology and Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Eli V. Casarez
- Departments of Microbiology, Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Bradley Pemberton
- Radiation Oncology and Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Sarah J. Parsons
- Departments of Microbiology, Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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Cellular functions regulated by phosphorylation of EGFR on Tyr845. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10761-90. [PMID: 23702846 PMCID: PMC3709701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140610761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src gene product (Src) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are prototypes of oncogene products and function primarily as a cytoplasmic non-receptor tyrosine kinase and a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase, respectively. The identification of Src and EGFR, and the subsequent extensive investigations of these proteins have long provided cutting edge research in cancer and other molecular and cellular biological studies. In 1995, we reported that the human epidermoid carcinoma cells, A431, contain a small fraction of Src and EGFR in which these two kinase were in physical association with each other, and that Src phosphorylates EGFR on tyrosine 845 (Y845) in the Src-EGFR complex. Y845 of EGFR is located in the activation segment of the kinase domain, where many protein kinases contain kinase-activating autophosphorylation sites (e.g., cAMP-dependent protein kinase, Src family kinases, transmembrane receptor type tyrosine kinases) or trans-phosphorylation sites (e.g., cyclin-dependent protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Akt protein kinase). A number of studies have demonstrated that Y845 phosphorylation serves an important role in cancer as well as normal cells. Here we compile the experimental facts involving Src phosphorylation of EGFR on Y845, by which cell proliferation, cell cycle control, mitochondrial regulation of cell metabolism, gamete activation and other cellular functions are regulated. We also discuss the physiological relevance, as well as structural insights of the Y845 phosphorylation.
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Haddad BR, Gu L, Mirtti T, Dagvadorj A, Vogiatzi P, Hoang DT, Bajaj R, Leiby B, Ellsworth E, Blackmon S, Ruiz C, Curtis M, Fortina P, Ertel A, Liu C, Rui H, Visakorpi T, Bubendorf L, Lallas CD, Trabulsi EJ, McCue P, Gomella L, Nevalainen MT. STAT5A/B gene locus undergoes amplification during human prostate cancer progression. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:2264-75. [PMID: 23660011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying progression of prostate cancer (PCa) to castrate-resistant (CR) and metastatic disease are poorly understood. Our previous mechanistic work shows that inhibition of transcription factor Stat5 by multiple alternative methods induces extensive rapid apoptotic death of Stat5-positive PCa cells in vitro and inhibits PCa xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Furthermore, STAT5A/B induces invasive behavior of PCa cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting involvement of STAT5A/B in PCa progression. Nuclear STAT5A/B protein levels are increased in high-grade PCas, CR PCas, and distant metastases, and high nuclear STAT5A/B expression predicts early disease recurrence and PCa-specific death in clinical PCas. Based on these findings, STAT5A/B represents a therapeutic target protein for advanced PCa. The mechanisms underlying increased Stat5 protein levels in PCa are unclear. Herein, we demonstrate amplification at the STAT5A/B gene locus in a significant fraction of clinical PCa specimens. STAT5A/B gene amplification was more frequently found in PCas of high histologic grades and in CR distant metastases. Quantitative in situ analysis revealed that STAT5A/B gene amplification was associated with increased STAT5A/B protein expression in PCa. Functional studies showed that increased STAT5A/B copy numbers conferred growth advantage in PCa cells in vitro and as xenograft tumors in vivo. The work presented herein provides the first evidence of somatic STAT5A/B gene amplification in clinical PCas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem R Haddad
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Yu J, Ren X, Chen Y, Liu P, Wei X, Li H, Ying G, Chen K, Winkler H, Hao X. Dysfunctional activation of neurotensin/IL-8 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with increased inflammatory response in microenvironment, more epithelial mesenchymal transition in cancer and worse prognosis in patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56069. [PMID: 23418512 PMCID: PMC3572009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the role of neurotensin (NTS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) sub- grouping and the clinical and pathological significance of activation of NTS/IL-8 pathway in HCC. Methods The genome-wide gene expression profiling were conducted in 10 pairs of cancer tissues and corresponding normal adjacent tissues samples using Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 microarray to screen differentially expressing genes and enrich dysfunctional activated pathways among different HCC subgroups. The levels of NTS protein and multiple inflammation and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins, including IL-8, VEGF, MMP9, CD68, E-Cadherin, β-Catenin and Vimentin were examined in 64 cases of paraffin-embedded HCC samples using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining method. The clinical outcome and overall survival (OS) were compared. Results A subgroup of HCC characterized by up-regulated NTS expression was accompanied by up-regulated inflammatory responses and EMT. The direct interaction between NTS and IL-8 was identified by pathway enrichment analysis. Significantly increased IL-8 protein was confirmed in 90.91% of NTS+ HCC samples and significantly positively correlated to the levels of NTS protein in cancer tissues (P = 0.036), which implied activation of NTS/IL-8 pathway in HCC. The levels of VEGF and MMP9 correlated with co-expression of NTS and IL-8. Increased infiltration of CD68+ macrophages and more cancer cells displaying EMT features were found in NTS+IL-8+ samples. The co-expression of NTS and IL-8 in cancer significantly correlated with the clinical outcomes, as the mortality rate of NTS+IL-8+ HCC patients is 2.5-fold higher than the others after the surgery (P = 0.022). Accordingly, the OS of NTS+IL-8+ HCC patients significantly decreased who are under a higher hazard of death at an expected hazard ratio (HR) of 3.457. Conclusion Dysfunctional activation of the NTS/IL-8 pathway was detected in HCC which is associated with increased inflammatory response in microenvironment, enhanced EMT in cancer, and worse prognosis in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpu Yu
- TMUCIH-JnJ joint laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongzi Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- TMUCIH-JnJ joint laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiyin Wei
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Hans Winkler
- TMUCIH-JnJ joint laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xishan Hao
- TMUCIH-JnJ joint laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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Palacios DA, Miyake M, Rosser CJ. Radiosensitization in prostate cancer: mechanisms and targets. BMC Urol 2013; 13:4. [PMID: 23351141 PMCID: PMC3583813 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-13-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in American men over the age of 45 years and is the third most common cause of cancer related deaths in American men. In 2012 it is estimated that 241,740 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer and 28,170 men will succumb to prostate cancer. Currently, radiation therapy is one of the most common definitive treatment options for localized prostate cancer. However, significant number of patients undergoing radiation therapy will develop locally persistent/recurrent tumours. The varying response rates to radiation may be due to 1) tumor microenvironment, 2) tumor stage/grade, 3) modality used to deliver radiation, and 4) dose of radiation. Higher doses of radiation has not always proved to be effective and have been associated with increased morbidity. Compounds designed to enhance the killing effects of radiation, radiosensitizers, have been extensively investigated over the past decade. The development of radiosensitizing agents could improve survival, improve quality of life and reduce costs, thus benefiting both patients and healthcare systems. Herin, we shall review the role and mechanisms of various agents that can sensitize tumours, specifically prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Palacios
- Section of Urologic Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
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Di Florio A, Sancho V, Moreno P, Delle Fave G, Jensen RT. Gastrointestinal hormones stimulate growth of Foregut Neuroendocrine Tumors by transactivating the EGF receptor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:573-82. [PMID: 23220008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Foregut neuroendocrine tumors [NETs] usually pursuit a benign course, but some show aggressive behavior. The treatment of patients with advanced NETs is marginally effective and new approaches are needed. In other tumors, transactivation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) by growth factors, gastrointestinal (GI) hormones and lipids can stimulate growth, which has led to new treatments. Recent studies show a direct correlation between NET malignancy and EGFR expression, EGFR inhibition decreases basal NET growth and an autocrine growth effect exerted by GI hormones, for some NETs. To determine if GI hormones can stimulate NET growth by inducing transactivation of EGFR, we examined the ability of EGF, TGFα and various GI hormones to stimulate growth of the human foregut carcinoid,BON, the somatostatinoma QGP-1 and the rat islet tumor,Rin-14B-cell lines. The EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, AG1478 strongly inhibited EGF and the GI hormones stimulated cell growth, both in BON and QGP-1 cells. In all the three neuroendocrine cell lines studied, we found EGF, TGFα and the other growth-stimulating GI hormones increased Tyr(1068) EGFR phosphorylation. In BON cells, both the GI hormones neurotensin and a bombesin analogue caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in EGFR phosphorylation, which was strongly inhibited by AG1478. Moreover, we found this stimulated phosphorylation was dependent on Src kinases, PKCs, matrix metalloproteinase activation and the generation of reactive oxygen species. These results raise the possibility that disruption of this signaling cascade by either EGFR inhibition alone or combined with receptor antagonists may be a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of foregut NETs/PETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Di Florio
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, USA
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Kajiya M, Ichimonji I, Min C, Zhu T, Jin JO, Yu Q, Almazrooa SA, Cha S, Kawai T. Muscarinic type 3 receptor induces cytoprotective signaling in salivary gland cells through epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:115-24. [PMID: 22511543 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.077354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic type 3 receptor (M3R) plays a pivotal role in the induction of glandular fluid secretions. Although M3R is often the target of autoantibodies in Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), chemical agonists for M3R are clinically used to stimulate saliva secretion in patients with SjS. Aside from its activity in promoting glandular fluid secretion, however, it is unclear whether activation of M3R is related to other biological events in SjS. This study aimed to investigate the cytoprotective effect of chemical agonist-mediated M3R activation on apoptosis induced in human salivary gland (HSG) cells. Carbachol (CCh), a muscarinic receptor-specific agonist, abrogated tumor necrosis factor α/interferon γ-induced apoptosis through pathways involving caspase 3/7, but its cytoprotective effect was decreased by a M3R antagonist, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt inhibitor, or an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor. Ligation of M3R with CCh transactivated EGFR and phosphorylated ERK and Akt, the downstream targets of EGFR. Inhibition of intracellular calcium release or protein kinase C δ, both of which are involved in the cell signaling of M3R-mediated fluid secretion, did not affect CCh-induced ERK or Akt phosphorylation. CCh stimulated Src phosphorylation and binding to EGFR. A Src inhibitor attenuated the CCh/M3R-induced cytoprotective effect and EGFR transactivation cascades. Overall, these results indicated that CCh/M3R induced transactivation of EGFR through Src activation leading to ERK and Akt phosphorylation, which in turn suppressed caspase 3/7-mediated apoptotic signals in HSG cells. This study, for the first time, proposes that CCh-mediated M3R activation can promote not only fluid secretion but also survival of salivary gland cells in the inflammatory context of SjS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Immunology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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Bhola NE, Freilino ML, Joyce SC, Sen M, Thomas SM, Sahu A, Cassell A, Chen CS, Grandis JR. Antitumor mechanisms of targeting the PDK1 pathway in head and neck cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:1236-46. [PMID: 22491800 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) activate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mediate EGFR-independent signaling pathways to promote the growth of a variety of cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Identification of the common signaling mechanisms involved in GPCR-induced EGFR-dependent and EGFR-independent processes will facilitate the development of more therapeutic strategies. In this study, we hypothesized that phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) contributes to GPCR-EGFR cross-talk and signaling in the absence of EGFR and suggests that inhibition of the PDK1 pathway may be effective in the treatment of HNSCC. The contribution of PDK1 to the EGFR-dependent and EGFR-independent signaling in HNSCC was determined using RNA interference, a kinase-dead mutant, and pharmacologic inhibition. In vivo xenografts studies were also carried out to determine the efficacy of targeting PDK1 alone or in combination with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved EGFR inhibitor cetuximab. PDK1 contributed to both GPCR-induced EGFR activation and cell growth. PDK1 also mediated activation of p70S6K in the absence of EGFR. Blockade of PDK1 with a small molecule inhibitor (AR-12) abrogated HNSCC growth, induced apoptosis, and enhanced the antiproliferative effects of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in vitro. HNSCC xenografts expressing kinase-dead PDK1 showed increased sensitivity to cetuximab compared with vector-transfected controls. Administration of AR-12 substantially decreased HNSCC tumor growth in vivo. These cumulative results show that PDK1 is a common signaling intermediate in GPCR-EGFR cross-talk and EGFR-independent signaling, and in which targeting the PDK1 pathway may represent a rational therapeutic strategy to enhance clinical responses to EGFR inhibitors in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil E Bhola
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Targeting Lyn tyrosine kinase through protein fusions encompassing motifs of Cbp (Csk-binding protein) and the SOCS box of SOCS1. Biochem J 2012; 442:611-20. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase Lyn is involved in oncogenic signalling in several leukaemias and solid tumours, and we have previously identified a pathway centred on Cbp [Csk (C-terminal Src kinase)-binding protein] that mediates both enzymatic inactivation, as well as proteasomal degradation of Lyn via phosphorylation-dependent recruitment of Csk (responsible for phosphorylating the inhibitory C-terminal tyrosine of Lyn) and SOCS1 (suppressor of cytokine signalling 1; an E3 ubiquitin ligase). In the present study we show that fusing specific functional motifs of Cbp and domains of SOCS1 together generates a novel molecule capable of directing the proteasomal degradation of Lyn. We have characterized the binding of pY (phospho-tyrosine) motifs of Cbp to SFK (Src-family kinase) SH2 (Src homology 2) domains, identifying those with high affinity and specificity for the SH2 domain of Lyn and that are preferred substrates of active Lyn. We then fused them to the SB (SOCS box) of SOCS1 to facilitate interaction with the ubiquitination-promoting elongin B/C complex. As an eGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) fusion, these proteins can direct the polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of active Lyn. Expressing this fusion protein in DU145 cancer cells (but not LNCaP or MCF-7 cells), that require Lyn signalling for survival, promotes loss of Lyn, loss of caspase 3, appearance of an apoptotic morphology and failure to survive/expand. These findings show how functional domains of Cbp and SOCS1 can be fused together to generate molecules capable of inhibiting the growth of cancer cells that express high levels of active Lyn.
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β2-Adrenergic receptor-induced transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor via Src kinase promotes rat cardiomyocyte survival. Cell Biol Int 2012; 36:237-44. [DOI: 10.1042/cbi20110162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Wu Z, Martinez-Fong D, Trédaniel J, Forgez P. Neurotensin and its high affinity receptor 1 as a potential pharmacological target in cancer therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:184. [PMID: 23335914 PMCID: PMC3547287 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a worldwide health problem. Personalized treatment represents a future advancement for cancer treatment, in part due to the development of targeted therapeutic drugs. These molecules are expected to be more effective than current treatments and less harmful to normal cells. The discovery and validation of new targets are the foundation and the source of these new therapies. The neurotensinergic system has been shown to enhance cancer progression in various cancers such as pancreatic, prostate, lung, breast, and colon cancer. It also triggers multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, such as the PKC/ERK and AKT pathways. In this review, we discuss the contribution of the neurotensinergic system to cancer progression, as well as the regulation and mechanisms of the system in order to highlight its potential as a therapeutic target, and its prospect for its use as a treatment in certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zherui Wu
- INSERM-UPMC UMR_S938, Hôpital Saint-AntoineParis, France
| | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiologïa, Biofïsica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico City, Mexico
| | - Jean Trédaniel
- INSERM-UPMC UMR_S938, Hôpital Saint-AntoineParis, France
- Unité de Cancérologie Thoracique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph/Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Patricia Forgez
- INSERM-UPMC UMR_S938, Hôpital Saint-AntoineParis, France
- *Correspondence: Patricia Forgez, INSERM-UPMC UMR_S938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Bâtiment Raoul Kourilsky, 184 rue du Faubourg St-Antoine, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France. e-mail:
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