1
|
Reduced urothelial expression of uroplakin-IIIa in cystitis areas in bladders of postmenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections: pilot study. World J Urol 2022; 40:1723-1730. [PMID: 35665841 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-022-04050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study human bladder biopsies to investigate urothelial response to UTI, expression of uroplakin, and urothelial response after healing from cystoscopy with electrofulguration (CEF) treatment for antibiotic-recalcitrant RUTI. METHODS Following IRB approval, cold cup bladder biopsies from "no cystitis" and "cystitis" regions were obtained from women with antibiotic-recalcitrant rUTI undergoing CEF under anesthesia. "No cystitis" and "cystitis" biopsies from 14 patients (5 had prior CEF, 9 naïve) were analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF) confocal microscopy using antibodies against uroplakin-IIIa. For an additional 6 patients (2 prior CEF, 4 naïve), only "cystitis" area biopsies were taken and analyzed. Cytokeratin 5 (marker for squamous metaplasia) staining was performed on 14 patients. RESULTS In healthy tissue, uroplakin-IIIa staining was observed as a contiguous line on the luminal surface of umbrella cells. In "cystitis" areas for 19/20 patients, there was either no uroplakin-IIIa staining observed or spotty (+) staining. The "cystitis" regions of all patients had less intense uroplakin-IIIa staining compared to the matched "no cystitis" area in the same patient. In patients post-CEF but requiring repeat EF for persistent RUTI lesions, healed areas served as control and in 3 of 7 patients no uroplakin-IIIa staining was observed. Squamous metaplasia was observed in 10 patients. CONCLUSION In bladders of postmenopausal women with antibiotic-recalcitrant RUTI, areas with visible cystitis expressed less uroplakin-IIIa, supporting the model of urothelial exfoliation in response to UTI.
Collapse
|
2
|
Budaya TN, Permatasari HK, Widodo W, Prawiro SR. Novel Insight of Cytokeratin 14 as a Biomarker in Diagnosing Bladder Cancer. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the ninth most common type of cancer occurring in men. Screening for bladder cancer is often difficult due to limited proper modality and symptoms that is mild and unspecific. Leaving it untreated leads to greater morbidity and mortality. Therefore, finding a simple biomarker for screening purpose is necessary. Cytokeratin (CK) has been studied extensively as cancer biomarker. Detectable soluble CK was found in body fluid, including urine, and histological specimen using immunoassays. The level of its expression is mainly affected by cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular stress. CK 14, which is type I CK, was detected in the basal layer of epithelial cells and specific for squamous type of epithelial cell. CK 14 analysis in bladder cancer has revealed numerous functions such as predicting the development of bladder cancer, differentiating cancer origins, stratifying bladder cancer patients based on disease severity, and predicting bladder cancer recurrence. Its potential to become excellent biomarker makes it subject of interest in research development.
Collapse
|
3
|
Jauregui EJ, Mitchell D, Topping T, Hogarth CA, Griswold MD. Retinoic acid receptor signaling is necessary in steroidogenic cells for normal spermatogenesis and epididymal function. Development 2018; 145:dev160465. [PMID: 29899137 PMCID: PMC6053667 DOI: 10.1242/dev.160465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis in mammals is a very complex, highly organized process, regulated in part by testosterone and retinoic acid (RA). Much is known about how RA and testosterone signaling pathways independently regulate this process, but there is almost no information regarding whether these two signaling pathways directly interact and whether RA is crucial for steroidogenic cell function. This study uses a transgenic mouse line that expresses a dominant-negative form of RA receptor α (RAR-DN) and the steroidogenic cell-specific Cre mouse line, Cyp17iCre, to generate male mice with steroidogenic cells unable to perform RA signaling. Testes of mutant mice displayed increased apoptosis of pachytene spermatocytes, an increased number of macrophages in the interstitium and a loss of advanced germ cells. Additionally, blocking RA signaling in Leydig cells resulted in increased permeability of the blood-testis barrier, decreased levels of the steroidogenic enzyme cytochrome P450 17a1 and decreased testosterone levels. Surprisingly, the epididymides of the mutant mice also displayed an abnormal phenotype. This study demonstrates that RA signaling is required in steroidogenic cells for their normal function and, thus, for male fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estela J Jauregui
- School of Molecular Biosciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, Washington, USA
| | - Debra Mitchell
- School of Molecular Biosciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, Washington, USA
| | - Traci Topping
- School of Molecular Biosciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, Washington, USA
| | - Cathryn A Hogarth
- School of Molecular Biosciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, Washington, USA
| | - Michael D Griswold
- School of Molecular Biosciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wood J, Hussey D, Woods C, Astill D, I Watson D, Lee B, Carney A. Does gene expression in laryngeal subsites differ between patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux and controls? Clin Otolaryngol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Wood
- Flinders ENT; Adelaide SA Australia
- Flinders University Department of Surgery; Flinders Centre for Cancer Prevention and Control; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - D.J. Hussey
- Flinders University Department of Surgery; Flinders Centre for Cancer Prevention and Control; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - C.M. Woods
- Flinders ENT; Adelaide SA Australia
- Flinders University Department of Surgery; Flinders Centre for Cancer Prevention and Control; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - D. Astill
- Department of Anatomical Pathology; Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - D. I Watson
- Flinders University Department of Surgery; Flinders Centre for Cancer Prevention and Control; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - B. Lee
- Flinders ENT; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - A.S. Carney
- Flinders ENT; Adelaide SA Australia
- Flinders University Department of Surgery; Flinders Centre for Cancer Prevention and Control; Adelaide SA Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Orabi H, Rousseau A, Laterreur V, Bolduc S. Optimization of the current self-assembled urinary bladder model: Organ-specific stroma and smooth muscle inclusion. Can Urol Assoc J 2015; 9:E599-607. [PMID: 26425221 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the complications associated with the use of non-native biomaterials and the lack of local tissues, bioengineered tissues are required for surgical reconstruction of complex urinary tract diseases, including those of the urinary bladder. The self-assembly method of matrix formation using autologous stromal cells obviates the need for exogenous biomaterials. We aimed at creating novel ex-vivo multilayer urinary tissue from a single bladder biopsy. METHODS After isolating urothelial, bladder stromal and smooth muscle cells from bladder biopsies, we produced 2 models of urinary equivalents: (1) the original one with dermal fibroblasts and (2) the new one with bladder stromal cells. Dermal fibroblasts and bladder stromal cells were stimulated to form an extracellular matrix, followed by sequential seeding of smooth muscle cells and urothelial cells. Stratification and cellular differentiation were assessed by histology, immunostaining and electron microscopy. Barrier function was checked with the permeability test. Biomechanical properties were assessed with uniaxinal tensile strength, elastic modulus, and failure strain. RESULTS Both urinary equivalents could be handled easily and did not contract. Stratified epithelium, intact basement membrane, fused matrix, and prominent muscle layer were detected in both urinary equivalents. Bladder stromal cell-based constructs had terminally differentiated urothelium and more elasticity than dermal fibroblasts-based equivalents. Permeation studies showed that both equivalents were comparable to native tissues. CONCLUSIONS Organ-specific stromal cells produced urinary tissues with more terminally differentiated urothelium and better biomechanical characteristics than non-specific stromal cells. Smooth muscle cells could be incorporated into the self-assembled tissues effectively. This multilayer tissue can be used as a urethral graft or as a bladder model for disease modelling and pharmacotherapeutic testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Orabi
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, QC; ; Surgery Department (Urology Service), Université Laval, QC
| | - Alexandre Rousseau
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, QC
| | - Veronique Laterreur
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, QC
| | - Stephane Bolduc
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, QC; ; Surgery Department (Urology Service), Université Laval, QC
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gulmann C, Paner GP, Parakh RS, Hansel DE, Shen SS, Ro JY, Annaiah C, Lopez-Beltran A, Rao P, Arora K, Cho Y, Herrera-Hernandez L, Alsabeh R, Amin MB. Immunohistochemical profile to distinguish urothelial from squamous differentiation in carcinomas of urothelial tract. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:164-72. [PMID: 22995333 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial neoplasms with squamous morphology raise the differential diagnosis between pure primary squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation and secondary involvement by squamous cell carcinoma, for example, from uterine cervix. Accurate identification between these entities is critical due to differing prognosis and therapeutic strategies. We evaluated the utility of an immunohistochemical panel of 3 urothelial-associated antibodies (uroplakin III, S100P, and GATA3) and two squamous-associated antibodies (CK14 and desmoglein-3) in 50 primary urothelial neoplasms: 15 pure urothelial carcinomas, 12 pure squamous cell carcinomas and 23 urothelial carcinomas with squamous differentiation. Squamous differentiation was defined by intercellular bridges or evidence of keratinization. Pure squamous cell carcinomas were positive for CK14 (100%) and desmoglein-3 (75%), negative for GATA3 and uroplakin III; one case was S100P positive (9%). Pure urothelial carcinomas had an opposite pattern and were positive for S100P (93%), GATA3 (93%), and uroplakin III (67%) and were negative for desmoglein-3; CK 14 was positive in 27% of cases; 74% of urothelial carcinomas with squamous differentiation had expression of urothelial and squamous associated markers (S100P, 83%; GATA3, 35%; uroplakin III, 13%; CK14, 87%; and desmoglein-3, 70%), although reactivity for individual markers within some tumors did not always correspond with morphologic differentiation. Of the remaining 26%, 4 showed an overall "squamous" immunoprofile, whereas 2 cases showed a "urothelial" immunoprofile. Our study showed that a panel of five antibodies identifies squamous and urothelial differentiation in most instances suggesting potential diagnostic utility.
Collapse
|
7
|
Böer-Auer A, August C, Falk TM, Jung JE, Kohl K, Metze D. Benign mucinous metaplasia of the genital mucosa: histomorphological and immunohistochemical features and criteria for differentiation from extramammary Paget disease. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:1263-72. [PMID: 21824128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign mucinous metaplasia of the genitalia (BMM) is a rare condition typified by cells with foamy mucinous cytoplasm. Differential diagnoses include extramammary Paget disease (PD) and human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) with mucinous differentiation. OBJECTIVES To characterize histopathological and immunohistochemical features of BMM and to forge criteria for differentiation from PD and VIN with mucinous differentiation. METHODS Eight biopsy specimens of BMM were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff and alcian blue, and for cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK10, CK14, CK20, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), S100, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15), lysozyme and Ki67 and compared with PD. Polymerase chain reaction was performed in order to identify HPV-specific DNA. RESULTS BMM showed mucin deposition in superficial epithelial layers ranging from numerous large goblet cells to subtle deposits. The epithelium often showed polygonal (squamoid) or cuboidal differentiation while columnar differentiation was an inconsistent feature. A band-like inflammatory infiltrate was consistently present. Metaplastic epithelium consistently expressed CK7, CEA and EMA either in the entire epithelium or in a superficial band, while CK14, CK10, GCDFP-15 and lysozyme were largely not expressed, and staining for CK20 and S100 was negative. Comparison with PD demonstrated similar staining characteristics, but in a scattered pattern of mucinous cells within preserved squamous epithelium and not in a band-like pattern as in BMM. Nuclear pleomorphism and Ki67-positive mucinous cells in superficial epithelial layers were seen only in PD; GCDFP-15 and/or lysozyme were expressed in the majority of cases of PD. No evidence of HPV-specific DNA was found in BMM. CONCLUSIONS The spectrum of changes in BMM is distinctive, and BMM can be differentiated with surety from both PD and VIN with mucinous differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Böer-Auer
- Department of Dermatopathology, Dermatologikum Hamburg, Drehbahn 1-3, 20354 Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang L, Wong YP, Gu H, Cai YJ, Ho Y, Wang CC, Leung TY, Burd A. Stem cell-like properties of human umbilical cord lining epithelial cells and the potential for epidermal reconstitution. Cytotherapy 2011; 13:145-55. [DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2010.509578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
9
|
Araya J, Cambier S, Markovics JA, Wolters P, Jablons D, Hill A, Finkbeiner W, Jones K, Broaddus VC, Sheppard D, Barzcak A, Xiao Y, Erle DJ, Nishimura SL. Squamous metaplasia amplifies pathologic epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in COPD patients. J Clin Invest 2008; 117:3551-62. [PMID: 17965775 DOI: 10.1172/jci32526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous metaplasia (SM) is common in smokers and is associated with airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A major mechanism of airway obstruction in COPD is thickening of the small airway walls. We asked whether SM actively contributes to airway wall thickening through alteration of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in COPD. Using immunohistochemical staining, airway morphometry, and fibroblast culture of lung samples from COPD patients; genome-wide analysis of an in vitro model of SM; and in vitro modeling of human airway epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, we provide evidence that SM, through the increased secretion of IL-1beta, induces a fibrotic response in adjacent airway fibroblasts. We identify a pivotal role for integrin-mediated TGF-beta activation in amplifying SM and driving IL-1beta-dependent profibrotic mesenchymal responses. Finally, we show that SM correlates with increased severity of COPD and that fibroblast expression of the integrin alpha(v)beta(8), which is the major mediator of airway fibroblast TGF-beta activation, correlated with disease severity and small airway wall thickening in COPD. Our findings have identified TGF-beta as a potential therapeutic target for COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Araya
- Department of Pathology, Lung Biology Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vaidyanathan S, Singh G, Soni BM, Hughes PL, Mansour P, Oo T, Bingley J, Sett P. Do spinal cord injury patients always get the best treatment for neuropathic bladder after discharge from regional spinal injuries centre? Spinal Cord 2004; 42:438-42. [PMID: 15292900 DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To draw attention to inadequate care received by some spinal cord injury patients after discharge from the regional spinal injury center. SETTING Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, Southport, UK. METHODS Presence of the urethral stricture was not recognised in a 69-year-old male with T-3 paraplegia, who attended a health-care facility with a urinary infection. A Foley catheter was inserted into the urethra only half-way and the catheter balloon was then inflated in the urethra distal to the stricture. In a 68-year-old male with T-8 paraplegia, a long-term indwelling catheter was eroding the urethra and he developed a severe degree of hypospadias while being managed in the community. A 49-year-old male with C-4 tetraplegia developed recurrent urine infections. He received several courses of antibiotics, which were prescribed by community health professionals. But he continued to be unwell. Subsequently, the patient was admitted to a district general hospital, where he was diagnosed to have mild chest infection and was about to be sent home. However, his wife was not happy, and then ultrasound of abdomen was taken, which revealed pyonephrosis. He was then transferred to a spinal unit. RESULTS : These patients were not seen promptly in a regional spinal injury centre when they developed medical problems. The complications, which ensued, might have been prevented if expert medical treatment had been provided without delay. CONCLUSION In order to meet the needs of a growing population of persons living in the community with spinal cord injury, more beds are required in spinal units. Provision of day surgery wards within spinal units, out-reach clinics and home visits by spinal cord clinicians may reduce the demand for admission in a spinal unit. Education of community health professionals on delayed complications of spinal cord injury, and good communication between spinal cord clinicians, patients, carers, and community health professionals by telephone, e-mail or conventional postal system are likely to improve the care of spinal cord injury patients after discharge from spinal injury centres. Spinal cord clinicians should adopt a patient-centred care instead of the traditional, paternalistic, doctor-centred care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Vaidyanathan
- Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, District General Hospital, Town Lane, Southport, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|