1
|
Sneha Ravi A, Dalvi S. Liquid Marbles and Drops on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Interfacial Aspects and Dynamics of Formation: A Review. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12307-12330. [PMID: 38524492 PMCID: PMC10956110 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Liquid marbles (LMs) are droplets encapsulated with powders presenting varied roughness and wettability. These LMs have garnered a lot of attention due to their dual properties of leakage-free and quick transport on both solid and liquid surfaces. These droplets are in a Cassie-Baxter wetting state sitting on both roughness and air pockets existing between particles. They are also reminiscent of the state of a drop on a superhydrophobic (SH) surface. In this review, LMs and bare droplets on SH surfaces are comparatively investigated in terms of two aspects: interfacial and dynamical. LMs present a fascinating class of soft matter due to their superior interfacial activity and their remarkable stability. Inherently hydrophobic powders form stable LMs by simple rolling; however, particles with defined morphologies and chemistries contribute to the varied stability of LMs. The factors contributing to this interesting robustness with respect to bare droplets are then identified by tests of stability such as evaporation and compression. Next, the dynamics of the impact of a drop on a hydrophobic powder bed to form LMs is studied vis-à̀-vis that of drop impact on flat surfaces. The knowledge from drop impact phenomena on flat surfaces is used to build and complement insights to that of drop impact on powder surfaces. The maximum spread of the drop is empirically understood in terms of dimensionless numbers, and their drawbacks are highlighted. Various stages of drop impact-spreading, retraction and rebound, splashing, and final outcome-are systematically explored on both solid and hard surfaces. The implications of crater formation and energy dissipations are discussed in the case of granular beds. While the drop impact on solid surfaces is extensively reviewed, deep interpretation of the drop impact on granular surfaces needs to be improved. Additionally, the applications of each step in the sequence of drop impact phenomena on both substrates are also identified. Next, the criterion for the formation of peculiar jammed LMs was examined. Finally, the challenges and possible future perspectives are envisaged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Sneha Ravi
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382055, Gujarat, India
| | - Sameer Dalvi
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382055, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen X, Liu Y, Stavrinou P, Stavrinou L, Hu W, Goldbrunner R, Zheng F, He H. Spinal cord injury: Olfactory ensheathing cell-based therapeutic strategies. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25283. [PMID: 38284859 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling neurological disorder that is difficult to treat due to its complex pathophysiology and nerve regeneration difficulties. Hence, effective SCI treatments are necessary. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), glial cells derived from the olfactory bulb or mucosa, are ideal candidates for SCI treatment because of their neuroprotective and regenerative properties, ample supply, and convenience. In vitro, animal model, and human trial studies have reported discoveries on OEC transplantation; however, shortcomings have also been demonstrated. Recent studies have optimized various OEC transplantation strategies, including drug integration, biomaterials, and gene editing. This review aims to introduce OECs mechanisms in repairing SCI, summarize the research progress of OEC transplantation-optimized strategies, and provide novel research ideas for SCI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yibin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Pantelis Stavrinou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Neurosurgery, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Lampis Stavrinou
- 2nd Department of Neurosurgery, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hefan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fernández-Montoro A, Angel-Velez D, Benedetti C, Azari-Dolatabad N, Pascottini OB, Van Soom A, Pavani KC. Alternative Culture Systems for Bovine Oocyte In Vitro Maturation: Liquid Marbles and Differentially Shaped 96-Well Plates. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101635. [PMID: 37238065 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo-matured oocytes exhibit higher developmental competence than those matured in vitro but mimicking the in vivo environment by in vitro conditions has been challenging. Until now, conventional two-dimensional (2D) systems have been used for in vitro maturation of bovine cumulus-oocytes-complexes (COCs). However, using such systems present certain limitations. Therefore, alternative low-cost methodologies may help to optimize oocyte in vitro maturation. Here, we used two different systems to culture COCs and evaluate their potential influence on embryo development and quality. In the first system, we used treated fumed silica particles to create a 3D microenvironment (liquid marbles; LM) to mature COCs. In the second system, we cultured COCs in 96-well plates with different dimensions (flat, ultra-low attachment round-bottom, and v-shaped 96-well plates). In both systems, the nuclear maturation rate remained similar to the control in 2D, showing that most oocytes reached metaphase II. However, the subsequent blastocyst rate remained lower in the liquid marble system compared with the 96-well plates and control 2D systems. Interestingly, a lower total cell number was found in the resulting embryos from both systems (LM and 96-well plates) compared with the control. In conclusion, oocytes matured in liquid marbles or 96-well plates showed no remarkable change in terms of meiotic resumption. None of the surface geometries influenced embryo development while oocyte maturation in liquid marbles led to reduced embryo development. These findings show that different geometry during maturation did not have a large impact on oocyte and embryo development. Lower embryo production after in vitro maturation in liquid marbles was probably detected because in vitro maturation was performed in serum-free medium, which makes oocytes more sensitive to possible toxic effects from the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fernández-Montoro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Daniel Angel-Velez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Research Group in Animal Sciences-INCA-CES, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Camilla Benedetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nima Azari-Dolatabad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Krishna Chaitanya Pavani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohammadrashidi M, Bijarchi MA, Shafii MB, Taghipoor M. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on the Dynamic Response of Ferrofluid Liquid Marbles to Steady and Pulsating Magnetic Fields. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2246-2259. [PMID: 36722776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid marbles are droplets enwrapped by a layer of hydrophobic micro/nanoparticles. Due to the isolation of fluid from its environment, reduction in evaporation rate, low friction with the surfaces, and capability of manipulation even on hydrophilic surfaces, liquid marbles have attracted the attention of researchers in digital microfluidics. This study investigates the manipulation of ferrofluid liquid marbles (FLMs) under DC and pulse width-modulated (PWM) magnetic fields generated by an electromagnet for the first time. At first, the threshold of the magnetic field for manipulating these FLMs is studied. Afterward, the dynamic response of the FLMs to the DC magnetic field for different FLM volumes, coil currents, and initial distances of FLM from the coil is studied, and a theoretical model is proposed. By applying the PWM magnetic field, it is possible to gain more control over the manipulation of the FLMs on the surface and adjust their position more accurately. Results indicate that with a decrease in FLM volume, coil current, and duty cycle, the FLM step length decreases; hence, FLM manipulation is more precise. Under the PWM magnetic field, it is observed that FLM movement is not synchronous with the generated pulse, and even after the coil is turned off, FLMs keep their motion. In the end, with proper adjustment of the electromagnet pulse width, launching of FLMs at a distance farther than the coil is observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahbod Mohammadrashidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran1458889694, Iran
| | - Mohamad Ali Bijarchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran1458889694, Iran
| | - Mohammad Behshad Shafii
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran1458889694, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Taghipoor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran1458889694, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tevlek A, Kecili S, Ozcelik OS, Kulah H, Tekin HC. Spheroid Engineering in Microfluidic Devices. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3630-3649. [PMID: 36743071 PMCID: PMC9893254 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques are commonly employed to investigate biophysical and biochemical cellular responses. However, these culture methods, having monolayer cells, lack cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, mimicking the cell microenvironment and multicellular organization. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture methods enable equal transportation of nutrients, gas, and growth factors among cells and their microenvironment. Therefore, 3D cultures show similar cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation properties to in vivo. A spheroid is defined as self-assembled 3D cell aggregates, and it closely mimics a cell microenvironment in vitro thanks to cell-cell/matrix interactions, which enables its use in several important applications in medical and clinical research. To fabricate a spheroid, conventional methods such as liquid overlay, hanging drop, and so forth are available. However, these labor-intensive methods result in low-throughput fabrication and uncontrollable spheroid sizes. On the other hand, microfluidic methods enable inexpensive and rapid fabrication of spheroids with high precision. Furthermore, fabricated spheroids can also be cultured in microfluidic devices for controllable cell perfusion, simulation of fluid shear effects, and mimicking of the microenvironment-like in vivo conditions. This review focuses on recent microfluidic spheroid fabrication techniques and also organ-on-a-chip applications of spheroids, which are used in different disease modeling and drug development studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atakan Tevlek
- METU
MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Seren Kecili
- The
Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute
of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Ozge S. Ozcelik
- The
Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute
of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Haluk Kulah
- METU
MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- The
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - H. Cumhur Tekin
- METU
MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- The
Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute
of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ferronato GDA, Dos Santos CM, Rosa PMDS, Bridi A, Perecin F, Meirelles FV, Sangalli JR, da Silveira JC. Bovine in vitro oocyte maturation and embryo culture in liquid marbles 3D culture system. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284809. [PMID: 37083878 PMCID: PMC10121032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in in vitro embryo production (IVP) over the years, the technique still has limitations that need to be overcome. In cell cultures, it is already well established that three-dimensional culture techniques are more physiological and similar to the in vivo development. Liquid marble (LM) is a three-dimensional system based on the use of a hydrophobic substance to create in vitro microbioreactors. Thus, we hypothesized that the LM system improves bovine in vitro oocyte maturation and embryo culture. In experiment I, bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were placed for in vitro maturation for 22h in two different groups: control (conventional 2D culture) and LM (three-dimensional culture). We found that oocyte nuclear maturation was not altered by the LM system, however it was observed a decrease in expression of genes important in the oocyte maturation process in cumulus cells of LM group (BCL2, EIF4E, and GAPDH). In experiment II, the COCs were conventionally matured and fertilized, and for culture, they were divided into LM or control groups. There was a decrease in blastocyst rate and cell counting, a down-regulation of miR-615 expression, and an increase in the DNA global methylation and hydroxymethylation in embryos of LM group. Therefore, for the bovine in vitro embryo production, this specific three-dimensional system did not present the advantages that we expected, but demonstrated that the embryos changed their development and epigenetics according to the culture system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana de Avila Ferronato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Mônica Dos Santos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Paola Maria da S Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Bridi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Perecin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Rodrigues Sangalli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang J, He Y, Jiao F, Wang M. Reciprocating Oscillation of a Floating Ferrofluid Marble Triggered by Magnetic Fields. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:16024-16033. [PMID: 36516999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Liquid marbles have the potential for microfluidic transport, medical diagnostics, and chemical analysis due to their negligible stickiness, environmental independence, and excellent mobility. Here, we report a non-contact manipulation strategy to arouse a reciprocating oscillation of ferrofluid marbles floating on the water surface, which can be used as microreactors. We experimentally investigated the quantitative relationship between the oscillation behavior, the applied magnetic field parameters, and the field regulation mechanism. The variables, including the magnetic field strength, marble volume, and switching period, are vital in determining the final state. The oscillation can be separated into three stages: transitional movement, compressive deformation, and rebound, before entering the next cycle. Accordingly, we created a manipulation technique for improving the mixing of inner reactants inside this marble container by remote-controlled shaking after optimizing with an oscillation model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan650500, China
| | - Yongqing He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano System and Intelligent Sensing, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing400067, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan650500, China
| | - Ming Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan650500, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Si W, Guo Z. Enhancing the lifespan and durability of superamphiphobic surfaces for potential industrial applications: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 310:102797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
9
|
Ravi AS, Dalvi SV. Unraveling stability of a floating liquid marble, its opening and resulting collapse patterns. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Zhang Y, Cui H, Binks BP, Shum HC. Liquid Marbles under Electric Fields: New Capabilities for Non-wetting Droplet Manipulation and Beyond. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9721-9740. [PMID: 35918302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of liquid marbles (LMs) composed of stabilizing liquid droplets with solid particles in a gaseous environment has matured into an established area in surface and colloid science. The minimized "solid-liquid-air" triphase interface enables LMs to drastically reduce adhesion to a solid substrate, making them unique non-wetting droplets transportable with limited energy. The small volume, enclosed environment, and simple preparation render them suitable microreactors in industrial applications and processes such as cell culture, material synthesis, and blood coagulation. Extensive application contexts request precise and highly efficient manipulations of these non-wetting droplets. Many external fields, including magnetic, acoustic, photothermal, and pH, have emerged to prepare, deform, actuate, coalesce, mix, and disrupt these non-wetting droplets. Electric fields are rising among these external stimuli as an efficient source for manipulating the LMs with high controllability and a significant ability to contribute further to proposed applications. This Feature Article attempts to outline the recent developments related to LMs with the aid of electric fields. The effects of electric fields on the preparation and manipulation of LMs with intricate interfacial processes are discussed in detail. We highlight a wealth of novel electric field-involved LM-based applications and beyond while also envisaging the challenges, opportunities, and new directions for future development in this emerging research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yage Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huanqing Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bernard P Binks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang B, Liu X, Miao X, Deng W. Fabrication of robust superhydrophobic magnetic multifunctional coatings and liquid marbles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:619-630. [PMID: 35940146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To obtain durable and multi-function superhydrophobic surfaces, we reported a facial method to prepare a multifunctional suspension (γ-Fe2O3@SiO2@PDMS suspension) named as FSP suspension, in which γ-Fe2O3 was coated by the silica shell and PDMS was used as the outer layer. Superhydrophobic magnetic polyurethane (SMPU) sponge was prepared by immersing the polyurethane (PU) sponge into the FSP suspension, exhibiting the superior ability to absorb oil. In addition, it could also move directionally by the attraction of magnets and absorb the oil along the fixed path. The heated superhydrophobic magnetic stainless steel (H-SMSS) mesh was acquired by spraying FSP suspension onto the stainless steel mesh and then heating at 400 °C, which demonstrated superior superhydrophobicity and resistance to abrasion and chemical corrosion. Besides, the H-SMSS mesh displayed excellent flux and efficiency to separate the oil/water mixture. Rolling droplets on FSP particles, the superhydrophobic magnetic liquid marbles (SMLMs) were fabricated, in which liquids with different volumes were encapsulated and transported directionally. Further, it was convenient to inject liquid into the SMLM and withdraw liquid from it. Thus, the prepared FSP suspension has promising applications in constructing large-area, robust, and multifunctional surfaces and microreactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenli Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jeong Y, Tin A, Irudayaraj J. Flipped Well-Plate Hanging-Drop Technique for Growing Three-Dimensional Tumors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:898699. [PMID: 35860331 PMCID: PMC9289396 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.898699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) tumor culture techniques are gaining popularity as in vitro models of tumoral tissue analogues. Despite the widespread interest, need, and present-day effort, most of the 3D tumor culturing methodologies have not gone beyond the inventors’ laboratories. This, in turn, limits their applicability and standardization. In this study, we introduce a straightforward and user-friendly approach based on standard 96-well plates with basic amenities for growing 3D tumors in a scaffold-free/scaffold-based format. Hanging drop preparation can be easily employed by flipping a universal 96-well plate. The droplets of the medium generated by the well-plate flip (WPF) method can be easily modified to address various mechanisms and processes in cell biology, including cancer. To demonstrate the applicability and practicality of the conceived approach, we utilized human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116) to first show the generation of large scaffold-free 3D tumor spheroids over 1.5 mm in diameter in single-well plates. As a proof-of-concept, we also demonstrate matrix-assisted tumor culture techniques in advancing the broader use of 3D culture systems. The conceptualized WPF approach can be adapted for a range of applications in both basic and applied biological/engineering research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Ashley Tin
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Joseph Irudayaraj,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun Y, Zheng Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wen S, Song L, Zhao M. Liquid marbles, floating droplets: preparations, properties, operations and applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:15296-15315. [PMID: 35693225 PMCID: PMC9118372 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00735e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid marbles (LMs) are non-wettable droplets formed with a coating of hydrophobic particles. They can move easily across either solid or liquid surfaces since the hydrophobic particles protect the internal liquid from contacting the substrate. In recent years, mainly due to their simple preparation, abundant materials, non-wetting/non-adhesive properties, elasticities and stabilities, LMs have been applied in many fields such as microfluidics, sensors and biological incubators. In this review, the recent advances in the preparation, physical properties and applications of liquid marbles, especially operations and floating abilities, are summarized. Moreover, the challenges to achieve uniformity, slow volatilization and stronger stability are pointed out. Various applications generated by LMs’ structural characteristics are also expected. The recent advances in the preparation, physical properties and applications of liquid marbles, especially operations and floating abilities, are summarized.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Yelong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Chuntian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Shiying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Le Song
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Langella A, Gadau SD, Serra E, Bebbere D, Ledda S. Microtubular Assessment of C6 Rat Glioma Cell Spheroids Developed in Transparent Liquid Marbles or Hanging Drops. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040492. [PMID: 35453692 PMCID: PMC9031767 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a brain tumour frequently used as an experimental model to exploit innovative therapeutic approaches due to its high lethality and refractoriness to therapies. Part of these innovative anticancer therapies address cytoskeletal microtubules (MTs) since specific tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) are considered markers of tumour plasticity. In vitro studies, which traditionally employ two-dimensional (2D) culture systems, are now being replaced by three-dimensional (3D) systems that more closely mimic in vivo physiological conditions and allow a better understanding of the signalling between cells. In this work, we compared 2 liquid base 3D methods for the generation of spheroids from C6 rat glioma cells (RGCs) using 30 µL of liquid marble (LM) or the hanging drops (HDs), which contained 2 different cell numbers (5000 or 15,000). After 24 or 48 h of in vitro culture (IVC), the morphology of the spheroids was observed and the behaviour of the two main tubulin PTMs, tyrosinated α-tubulin (Tyr-T) and acetylated α-tubulin (Ac-T), was evaluated by fluorescence and Western blot (WB). RGCs spontaneously formed spherical agglomerates more rapidly in the LM than in the HD system. Cell density influenced the size of the spheroids, which reached a larger size (> of 300 µm Ø), with 15,000 cells compared to 5000 cells (150 µm Ø). Moreover, an increase in Tyr-T and Ac-T was observed in both the HD and LM system from 24 to 48 h, with the highest values shown in the 48 h/LM spheroids of 5000 cells (p < 0.05). In conclusion, by comparing the morphology and microtubular architecture of spheroids from C6 rat glioma cells developed by LM or HD methodology, our findings demonstrate that the use of a fumed silica microbioreactor boosts the induction and maintenance of a high plasticity state in glioma cells. RGCs cultured in LM express levels of tubulin PTMs that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of new anticancer therapies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang X, Jiang C, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Fan H, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Tian F, Li J, Yang H, Hao D. The promoting effects of activated olfactory ensheathing cells on angiogenesis after spinal cord injury through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:23. [PMID: 35246244 PMCID: PMC8895872 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the pro-angiogenic potential of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) activated by curcumin (CCM) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Vascular endothelial cells or tissues were cultured and treated with conditioned medium (CM) extracted from activated OECs activated through the addition of LPS and CCM or unactivated controls. Concomitantly, the pro-angiogenic potential of OECs was assessed in vitro by aortic ring sprouting assay, endothelial wound healing assay, CCK-8 assay, and tube formation assay. Subsequently, the OECs were co-cultured with endothelial cells to evaluate their promoting effect on endothelial cell proliferation and migration following a mechanical scratch. Moreover, the spinal cord injury (SCI) model in rats was established, and the number of endothelial cells and vascular structure in the injured area after SCI was observed with OEC transplantation. Finally, the underlying mechanism was investigated by western blot analysis of phosphorylated kinase expression with or without the MK-2206 (Akt-inhibitor). Result The present results showed that the activated OECs can effectively promote vascular endothelial cells' proliferation, migration, and vessel-like structure formation. Strikingly, several pro-angiogenic growth factors such as VEGF-A and PDGF-AA, which facilitate vessel formation, were found to be significantly elevated in CM. In addition, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was found to be involved in pro-angiogenic events caused by activated OEC CM, displaying higher phosphorylation levels in cells. In contrast, the delivery of MK2206 can effectively abrogate all the positive effects. Conclusions OECs activated by LPS and CCM have a pro-angiogenic effect and can effectively promote angiogenesis and improve the microenvironment at the injury site when transplanted in the injured spinal cord. This potentiated ability of OECs to provide pro-angiogenic effects is likely mediated through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00765-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.,Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yongyuan Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.,Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Murtaza M, Mohanty L, Ekberg JAK, St John JA. Designing Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplantation Therapies: Influence of Cell Microenvironment. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221125685. [PMID: 36124646 PMCID: PMC9490465 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221125685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation is emerging as a promising treatment option for injuries of the nervous system. OECs can be obtained relatively easily from nasal biopsies, and exhibit several properties such as secretion of trophic factors, and phagocytosis of debris that facilitate neural regeneration and repair. But a major limitation of OEC-based cell therapies is the poor survival of transplanted cells which subsequently limit their therapeutic efficacy. There is an unmet need for approaches that enable the in vitro production of OECs in a state that will optimize their survival and integration after transplantation into the hostile injury site. Here, we present an overview of the strategies to modulate OECs focusing on oxygen levels, stimulating migratory, phagocytic, and secretory properties, and on bioengineering a suitable environment in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariyam Murtaza
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lipsa Mohanty
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny A K Ekberg
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James A St John
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu Y, Zhou Y, Qin X, Liu Y. From cell spheroids to vascularized cancer organoids: Microfluidic tumor-on-a-chip models for preclinical drug evaluations. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:061503. [PMID: 34804315 PMCID: PMC8589468 DOI: 10.1063/5.0062697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most effective cancer treatments. Starting from the discovery of new molecular entities, it usually takes about 10 years and 2 billion U.S. dollars to bring an effective anti-cancer drug from the benchtop to patients. Due to the physiological differences between animal models and humans, more than 90% of drug candidates failed in phase I clinical trials. Thus, a more efficient drug screening system to identify feasible compounds and pre-exclude less promising drug candidates is strongly desired. For their capability to accurately construct in vitro tumor models derived from human cells to reproduce pathological and physiological processes, microfluidic tumor chips are reliable platforms for preclinical drug screening, personalized medicine, and fundamental oncology research. This review summarizes the recent progress of the microfluidic tumor chip and highlights tumor vascularization strategies. In addition, promising imaging modalities for enhancing data acquisition and machine learning-based image analysis methods to accurately quantify the dynamics of tumor spheroids are introduced. It is believed that the microfluidic tumor chip will serve as a high-throughput, biomimetic, and multi-sensor integrated system for efficient preclinical drug evaluation in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Xiaochen Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sun B, Zhao Y, Wu W, Zhao Q, Li G. A superhydrophobic chip integrated with an array of medium reservoirs for long-term hanging drop spheroid culture. Acta Biomater 2021; 135:234-242. [PMID: 34389482 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hanging drop (HD) is one of the most popular methods used for forming three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroids. However, conventional hanging drop systems are only applicable for short-term spheroid culture due to their inconvenience in exchanging cell culture media. Here we present a medium-reservoir-integrated superhydrophobic (MRI-SH) chip for long-term HD spheroid cultures. The device consists of two main components: i) a patterned superhydrophobic (SH) surface containing an array of wettable spots which anchor arrays of droplets of cell suspension, and ii) an array of chambers that serve as medium reservoirs, both interconnected via an array of thru-holes. This configuration provides two distinct advantages over conventional HD configurations: i) the high wettability contrast of the SH pattern on the chip leads to the formation and adhesion of nearly spherical hanging droplets on its surface, which minimizes interactions between the liquid and the substrate; ii) the integrated chambers provide large volumes of medium to maintain longer culture durations. Using this device, spheroids of MHCC97H cells were successfully formed, and the cultured spheroids could maintain high viability for up to 30 days and exhibited enhanced spheroid morphology compared to those cultured in the conventional HD systems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This paper presents a medium-reservoir-integrated superhydrophobic hanging drop (HD) platform for the long-term culture of spheroids with enhanced morphology. By monolithically integrating medium reservoirs and a patterned SH surface into a single device, this HD platform can not only produce high-quality spheroids, but also permit them to sustain high viability for up to 30 days without the need for tedious medium replenishment. We believe that such a platform will be valuable in a wide range of biological or biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bangyong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Defence Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Weimin Wu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Defence Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Defence Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gilmour AD, Reshamwala R, Wright AA, Ekberg JAK, St John JA. Optimizing Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplantation for Spinal Cord Injury Repair. J Neurotrauma 2021; 37:817-829. [PMID: 32056492 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation constitutes an important avenue for development of new treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI). These therapies are aimed at supporting neural repair and/or replacing lost cells at the injury site. To date, various cell types have been trialed, with most studies focusing on different types of stem cells or glial cells. Here, we review commonly used cell transplantation approaches for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair, with focus on transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), the glial cells of the primary olfactory nervous system. OECs are promising candidates for promotion of neural repair given that they support continuous regeneration of the olfactory nerve that occurs throughout life. Further, OECs can be accessed from the nasal mucosa (olfactory neuroepithelium) at the roof of the nasal cavity and can be autologously transplanted. OEC transplantation has been trialed in many animal models of SCI, as well as in human clinical trials. While several studies have been promising, outcomes are variable and the method needs improvement to enhance aspects such as cell survival, integration, and migration. As a case study, we include the approaches used by our team (the Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia) to address the current problems with OEC transplantation and discuss how the therapeutic potential of OEC transplantation can be improved. Our approach includes discovery research to improve our knowledge of OEC biology, identifying natural and synthetic compounds to stimulate the neural repair properties of OECs, and designing three-dimensional cell constructs to create stable and transplantable cell structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Gilmour
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research and Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ronak Reshamwala
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research and Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alison A Wright
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research and Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jenny A K Ekberg
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research and Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - James A St John
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research and Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Poorreza E, Ghavifekr HB. Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrophobized Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Production of Liquid Marble and Modeling of Liquid Marble Deformation Due to Gravity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421070219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
21
|
Kumar Roy P, Legchenkova I, Shoval S, Dombrovsky LA, Bormashenko E. Osmotic evolution of composite liquid marbles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 592:167-173. [PMID: 33662822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that the reported evolution (growth) of composite water marbles filled with saline water and coated with lycopodium dispersed in a thin layer of silicone oil is due to the osmotic mass transfer. The hypothesis is supported by the semi-empirical model of osmotic growth of small liquid marbles floating on distilled water. EXPERIMENTS Saline composite, silicone oil-coated marbles floating on distilled water grew with time; whereas, composite marbles filled with distilled water floating on aqueous solutions of NaCl lost mass with time and shrunk. However, composite liquid marbles filled with saline water and floating on aqueous solutions of NaCl remained stable during 25 h of the laboratory experiment. FINDINGS The reported findings are reasonably attributed to osmotic mass transport through the thin silicon layer filled with lycopodium particles coating the marbles, acting as an osmotic membrane. This is supported by the suggested model for the osmotic growth of marbles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Kumar Roy
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ariel University, P.O.B. 3, 407000 Ariel, Israel
| | - Irina Legchenkova
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ariel University, P.O.B. 3, 407000 Ariel, Israel
| | - Shraga Shoval
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering, Ariel University, P.O.B. 3, 407000 Ariel, Israel
| | - Leonid A Dombrovsky
- X-BIO Institute, University of Tyumen, 6 Volodarskogo St, Tyumen 625003, Russia; Heat Transfer Department, Joint Institute for High Temperatures, 17A Krasnokazarmennaya St, Moscow 111116, Russia
| | - Edward Bormashenko
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ariel University, P.O.B. 3, 407000 Ariel, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Analyzing Olfactory Neuron Precursors Non-Invasively Isolated through NADH FLIM as a Potential Tool to Study Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126311. [PMID: 34204595 PMCID: PMC8231156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all the proposed pathogenic mechanisms to understand the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), increased oxidative stress seems to be a robust and early disease feature where many of those hypotheses converge. However, despite the significant lines of evidence accumulated, an effective diagnosis and treatment of AD are not yet available. This limitation might be partially explained by the use of cellular and animal models that recapitulate partial aspects of the disease and do not account for the particular biology of patients. As such, cultures of patient-derived cells of peripheral origin may provide a convenient solution for this problem. Peripheral cells of neuronal lineage such as olfactory neuronal precursors (ONPs) can be easily cultured through non-invasive isolation, reproducing AD-related oxidative stress. Interestingly, the autofluorescence of key metabolic cofactors such as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) can be highly correlated with the oxidative state and antioxidant capacity of cells in a non-destructive and label-free manner. In particular, imaging NADH through fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has greatly improved the sensitivity in detecting oxidative shifts with minimal intervention to cell physiology. Here, we discuss the translational potential of analyzing patient-derived ONPs non-invasively isolated through NADH FLIM to reveal AD-related oxidative stress. We believe this approach may potentially accelerate the discovery of effective antioxidant therapies and contribute to early diagnosis and personalized monitoring of this devastating disease.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ooi CH, Singha P, Nguyen NK, An H, Nguyen VT, Nguyen AV, Nguyen NT. Measuring the effective surface tension of a floating liquid marble using X-ray imaging. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:4069-4076. [PMID: 33725064 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A liquid marble (LM) is a droplet coated with microparticles that isolate the liquid interior from its surroundings, making it perfectly non-wetting. This attractive feature allows the LM to perform useful tasks such as coalescence, targeted delivery, and controlled release. The non-wetting characteristic also allows the LM to float on a carrier liquid. The growing number of applications in digital microfluidics requires further insights into the fundamental properties of a LM such as its effective surface tension. Although the coating provides the LM with various desirable characteristics, its random construction presents a major obstacle to accurate optical analysis. This paper presents a novel method to measure the effective surface tension of a floating LM using X-ray imaging and curve fitting procedures. X-ray imaging reveals the true LM liquid-air interface hidden by the coating particles. Analysis of this interface showed that the effective surface tension of a LM is not significantly different from that of its liquid content. This indicates that the particle coating might not have significantly altered the behaviour of the liquid interface. We also found that our method is sensitive enough to detect the variations across individual LMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin Hong Ooi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan 4111, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Pradip Singha
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan 4111, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Nhat-Khuong Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan 4111, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan 4111, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Van Thuong Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anh V Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan 4111, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ooi CH, Vadivelu R, Jin J, Sreejith KR, Singha P, Nguyen NK, Nguyen NT. Liquid marble-based digital microfluidics - fundamentals and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1199-1216. [PMID: 33656019 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01290d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid marbles are droplets with volume typically on the order of microliters coated with hydrophobic powder. Their versatility, ease of use and low cost make liquid marbles an attractive platform for digital microfluidics. This paper provides the state of the art of discoveries in the physics of liquid marbles and their practical applications. The paper first discusses the fundamental properties of liquid marbles, followed by the summary of different techniques for the synthesis of liquid marbles. Next, manipulation techniques for handling liquid marbles are discussed. Applications of liquid marbles are categorised according to their use as chemical and biological reactors. The paper concludes with perspectives on the future development of liquid marble-based digital microfluidics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin Hong Ooi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim Y, Oh S, Lee H, Lee D, Kim M, Baek HS, Park WS, Kim E, Jang JH. Chitosan-Alginate-Pectin-coated Suspended-Liquid-Encapsulating (CAPSuLE) marbles for therapeutic agent storage and delivery. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1639-1651. [PMID: 33432951 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01504k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Developing a cutting-edge system capable of ensuring long-lasting functionality of therapeutic agents and implementing diverse delivery modes is challenging. A quasi-spherical triple-layered capsule containing suspended liquid droplets and allowing multi-modal delivery of therapeutic agents in the aqueous phase was developed, primarily by adopting the core principles for creating liquid marbles. A naturally derived wettable polysaccharide-pectin-was utilized as a liquid-air interfacial barrier to keep the liquid droplets in the core zone. To tailor the pectin-coated droplet as a therapeutic agent carrier, anionic alginate and cationic chitosan layers were sequentially formed via additional interactions: physically stacking substances with structural chirality (pectin-alginate) and inducing electrostatic association to create the reversible complex coacervates (alginate-chitosan). The resulting system, which is called a Chitosan-Alginate-Pectin-coated Suspended-Liquid-Encapsulating (CAPSuLE) marble, had sufficient mechanical strength to resist external harsh environments and exhibited unique features: ecofriendly sustainability, responsiveness to external stimuli, coacervate-driven coalescence for linking adjacent marbles, and a self-repairing ability. The proposed CAPSuLE system can facilitate the adoption of the liquid-marble concept to biomedical fields, extending its applicability in the fields of biology and applied engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Seokmin Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Heehyung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Dongsoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Mihyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Heung Soo Baek
- Amorepacific Research and Development Center, Yongin, 17074, Korea.
| | - Won Seok Park
- Amorepacific Research and Development Center, Yongin, 17074, Korea.
| | - Eunmi Kim
- Amorepacific Research and Development Center, Yongin, 17074, Korea.
| | - Jae-Hyung Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li H, Liu P, Gunawan R, Simeneh ZM, Liang C, Yao X, Yang M. Magnetothermal Miniature Reactors Based on Fe 3 O 4 Nanocube-Coated Liquid Marbles. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001658. [PMID: 33470539 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Liquid marbles have recently attracted much interest in various scientific fields because of their isolated environment and robustness. However, conventional liquid marbles lack a reliable heating mechanism, which is critical in many potential applications. Here, the development of iron oxide (Fe3 O4 ) nanocube-coated liquid marbles (iNLMs), which can be homogeneously heated with an alternating magnetic field (AMF) to as high as 86 °C, is reported. Through tuning the power of the AMF, the iNLMs canbe heated to desired temperatures in controllable patterns. Furthermore, multicenter and selective heating is realized based on the unique magnetothermal properties of iNLMs. As heatable miniature reactors, the iNLMs are further demonstrated to facilitate the kinetic study of temperature-dependent chemical reactions. DNA amplification is successfully performed in liquid marbles, achieving a 25% superior amplification rate compared with that in a common thermal cycler. These results confirm the feasibility of coating liquid marbles with Fe3 O4 nanocubes to form delicate magnetothermal miniature reactors, which provides a reliable method of applying liquid marbles in areas such as biosensor technology, point-of-care testing, and theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotechnology and Health Centre, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotechnology and Health Centre, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Renardi Gunawan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotechnology and Health Centre, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Zemenu Mengistie Simeneh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotechnology and Health Centre, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotechnology and Health Centre, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotechnology and Health Centre, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotechnology and Health Centre, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pennarossa G, Arcuri S, De Iorio T, Gandolfi F, Brevini TAL. Current Advances in 3D Tissue and Organ Reconstruction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E830. [PMID: 33467648 PMCID: PMC7830719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bi-dimensional culture systems have represented the most used method to study cell biology outside the body for over a century. Although they convey useful information, such systems may lose tissue-specific architecture, biomechanical effectors, and biochemical cues deriving from the native extracellular matrix, with significant alterations in several cellular functions and processes. Notably, the introduction of three-dimensional (3D) platforms that are able to re-create in vitro the structures of the native tissue, have overcome some of these issues, since they better mimic the in vivo milieu and reduce the gap between the cell culture ambient and the tissue environment. 3D culture systems are currently used in a broad range of studies, from cancer and stem cell biology, to drug testing and discovery. Here, we describe the mechanisms used by cells to perceive and respond to biomechanical cues and the main signaling pathways involved. We provide an overall perspective of the most recent 3D technologies. Given the breadth of the subject, we concentrate on the use of hydrogels, bioreactors, 3D printing and bioprinting, nanofiber-based scaffolds, and preparation of a decellularized bio-matrix. In addition, we report the possibility to combine the use of 3D cultures with functionalized nanoparticles to obtain highly predictive in vitro models for use in the nanomedicine field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Pennarossa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (S.A.); (T.D.I.)
| | - Sharon Arcuri
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (S.A.); (T.D.I.)
| | - Teresina De Iorio
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (S.A.); (T.D.I.)
| | - Fulvio Gandolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy and Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tiziana A. L. Brevini
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (S.A.); (T.D.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vadivelu R, Kashaninejad N, Nikmaneshi MR, Khadim RR, Salehi SS, Ramulu NC, Sakai Y, Nishikawa M, Firoozabadi B, Nguyen N. Sessile Liquid Marbles with Embedded Hydrogels as Bioreactors for Three‐Dimensional Cell Culture. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Vadivelu
- Queensland Micro‐ and Nanotechnology Centre Nathan Campus Griffith University 170 Kessels Road Brisbane QLD 4111 Australia
- Department of Chemical System Engineering School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113‐8656 Japan
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- Queensland Micro‐ and Nanotechnology Centre Nathan Campus Griffith University 170 Kessels Road Brisbane QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Nikmaneshi
- Cancer Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran 11365–11155 Iran
| | - Rubina Rahaman Khadim
- Department of Chemical System Engineering School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113‐8656 Japan
| | - Seyedeh Sarah Salehi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran 11365–11155 Iran
| | - Naveen Chintala Ramulu
- Griffith Sciences Nathan Campus Griffith University 170 Kessels Road Brisbane QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113‐8656 Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113‐8656 Japan
| | - Bahar Firoozabadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran 11365–11155 Iran
| | - Nam‐Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro‐ and Nanotechnology Centre Nathan Campus Griffith University 170 Kessels Road Brisbane QLD 4111 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu D, Chen S, Win Naing M. A review of manufacturing capabilities of cell spheroid generation technologies and future development. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:542-554. [PMID: 33146407 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spheroid culture provides cells with a three-dimensional environment that can better mimic physiological conditions compared to monolayer culture. Technologies involved in the generation of cell spheroids are continuously being innovated to produce spheroids with enhanced properties. In this paper, we review the manufacturing capabilities of current cell spheroid generation technologies. We propose that spheroid generation technologies should enable tight and robust process controls to produce spheroids of consistent and repeatable quality. Future technology development for the generation of cell spheroids should look into improvement in process control, standardization, scalability and monitoring, in addition to advanced methods of spheroid transfer and characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sixun Chen
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - May Win Naing
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Micro Elastofluidics: Elasticity and Flexibility for Efficient Microscale Liquid Handling. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11111004. [PMID: 33202539 PMCID: PMC7696685 DOI: 10.3390/mi11111004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is the science and technology around the behaviour of fluid and fluid flow at the microscale [...].
Collapse
|
31
|
Dalir Abdolahinia E, Jafari B, Parvizpour S, Barar J, Nadri S, Omidi Y. Role of cellulose family in fibril organization of collagen for forming 3D cancer spheroids: In vitro and in silico approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 11:111-117. [PMID: 33842281 PMCID: PMC8022235 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cell aggregation of three-dimensional (3D) culture systems (the so-called spheroids) are designed as in vitro platform to represent more accurately the in vivo environment for drug discovery by using semi-solid media. The uniform multicellular tumor spheroids can be generated based on the interaction of cells with extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules such as collagen and integrin. This study aimed to investigate the possible interactions between the cellulose family and collagen using both in vitro and in silico approaches. Methods: The 3D microtissue of JIMT-1 cells was generated using hanging drop method to study the effects of charge and viscosity of the medium containing cellulose family. To determine the mode of interaction between cellulose derivatives (CDs) and collagen-integrin, docking analysis and molecular simulation were further performed using open source web servers and chemical simulations (GROMACS), respectively. Results: The results confirmed that the addition of CDs into the 3D medium can promote the formation of solid spheroids, where methylcellulose (MC) yielded uniform spheroids compared to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Moreover, the computational analysis showed that MC interacted with both integrin and collagen, while sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) only interacted with collagen residues. The stated different behaviors in the 3D culture formation and collagen interaction were found in the physicochemical properties of CDs. Conclusion: Based on in vitro and in silico findings, MC is suggested as an important ECM-mimicking entity that can support the semi-solid medium and promote the formation of the uniform spheroid in the 3D culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Jafari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sepideh Parvizpour
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samad Nadri
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
We report interfacial crystallization in the droplets of saline solutions placed on superhydrophobic surfaces and liquid marbles filled with the saline. Evaporation of saline droplets deposited on superhydrophobic surface resulted in the formation of cup-shaped millimeter-scaled residues. The formation of the cup-like deposit is reasonably explained within the framework of the theory of the coffee-stain effect, namely, the rate of heterogeneous crystallization along the contact line of the droplet is significantly higher than in the droplet bulk. Crystallization within evaporated saline marbles coated with lycopodium particles depends strongly on the evaporation rate. Rapidly evaporated saline marbles yielded dented shells built of a mixture of colloidal particles and NaCl crystals. We relate the formation of these shells to the interfacial crystallization promoted by hydrophobic particles coating the marbles, accompanied with the upward convection flows supplying the saline to the particles, serving as the centers of interfacial crystallization. Convective flows prevail over the diffusion mass transport for the saline marbles heated from below.
Collapse
|
33
|
Aalders J, Léger L, Tuerlings T, Ledda S, van Hengel J. Liquid marble technology to create cost-effective 3D cardiospheres as a platform for in vitro drug testing and disease modelling. MethodsX 2020; 7:101065. [PMID: 33005571 PMCID: PMC7509398 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culturing has several advantages over 2D cultures. 3D cell cultures more accurately mimic the in vivo environment, which is vital to obtain reliable results in disease modelling and toxicity testing. With the introduction of the Yamanaka factors, reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) became available. This iPSC technology provides a scalable source of differentiated cells. iPSCs can be programmed to differentiate into any cell type of the body, including cardiomyocytes. These heart-specific muscle cells, can then serve as a model for therapeutic drug screening or assay development. Current methods to achieve multicellular spheroids by 3D cell cultures, such as hanging drop and spinner flasks are expensive, time-consuming and require specialized materials and training. Hydrophobic powders can be used to create a micro environment for cell cultures, which are termed liquid marbles (LM). In this procedure we describe the first use of the LM technology for 3D culturing in vitro derived human cardiomyocytes which results in the formation of cardiospheres within 24h. The cardiospheres could be used for several in depth and high-throughput analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Aalders
- Medical Cell Biology research group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Building B, Entrance 36, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurens Léger
- Medical Cell Biology research group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Building B, Entrance 36, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Tuerlings
- Medical Cell Biology research group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Building B, Entrance 36, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sergio Ledda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Jolanda van Hengel
- Medical Cell Biology research group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Building B, Entrance 36, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Manufacture and properties of composite liquid marbles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 575:35-41. [PMID: 32361045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Liquid marbles are non-stick droplets coated with colloidal usually hydrophobic particles. We suggest that "composite" liquid marbles, i.e. bi-liquid droplets, may be prepared with water droplets coated by a thin silicone oil layer containing hydrophobic, colloidal particles. EXPERIMENTS The process enabling manufacturing water marbles coated with silicone oil containing fumed fluorosilica particles is reported. The marbles remained stable when placed on solid and liquid supports. Bouncing and coalescence of the composite marbles was explored. FINDINGS Non-coalescence prolonged (ca. 20 min) jumping of composite marbles above a vibrating water bath was observed. Composite marbles withstand coalescence better than colloidal particle-stabilized liquid marbles. The effective surface tension of the composite marbles is markedly lower than that of water marbles coated with fumed fluorosilica particles. The coefficient of restitution of the composite marbles bouncing on a hydrophobic solid substrate is lower than that established for water marbles. This observation is related to the viscous dissipation occurring within the silicone layer making up the composite marbles.
Collapse
|
35
|
Pennarossa G, Manzoni EFM, Ledda S, deEguileor M, Gandolfi F, Brevini TAL. Use of a PTFE Micro-Bioreactor to Promote 3D Cell Rearrangement and Maintain High Plasticity in Epigenetically Erased Fibroblasts. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:82-92. [PMID: 30397853 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9862-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phenotype definition is driven by epigenetic mechanisms as well as directly influenced by the cell microenvironment and by biophysical signals deriving from the extracellular matrix. The possibility to interact with the epigenetic signature of an adult mature cell, reversing its differentiated state and inducing a short transient high plasticity window, was previously demonstrated. In parallel, in vitro studies have shown that 3D culture systems, mimicking cell native tissue, exert significant effects on cell behavior and functions. Here we report the production of "PTFE micro-bioreactors" for long-term culture of epigenetically derived high plasticity cells. The system promotes 3D cell rearrangement, global DNA demethylation and elevated transcription of pluripotency markers, that is dependent on WW domain containing transcription regulator 1 (TAZ) nuclear accumulation and SMAD family member 2 (SMAD2) co-shuttling. Our findings demonstrate that the use of 3D culture strategies greatly improves the induction and maintenance of a high plasticity state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Pennarossa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena F M Manzoni
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Ledda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Magda deEguileor
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Fulvio Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Unistem, Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana A L Brevini
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,Unistem, Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Redox-responsive functionalized hydrogel marble for the generation of cellular spheroids. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:416-423. [PMID: 32636145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liquid marbles (LMs) have recently shown a great promise as microbioreactors to construct self-supported aqueous compartments for chemical and biological reactions. However, the evaporation of the inner aqueous liquid core has limited their application, especially in studying cellular functions. Hydrogels are promising scaffolds that provide a spatial environment suitable for three-dimensional cell culture. Here, we describe the fabrication of redox-responsive hydrogel marbles (HMs) as a three-dimensional cell culture platform. The HMs are prepared by introducing an aqueous mixture of a tetra-thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative, thiolated gelatin (Gela-SH), horseradish peroxidase, a small phenolic compound, and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) to the inner aqueous phase of LMs. Eventually, HepG2 cells are encapsulated in the HMs then immersed in culture media, where they proliferate and form cellular spheroids. Experimental results show that the Gela-SH concentration strongly influences the physicochemical and microstructure properties of the HMs. After 6 days in culture, the spheroids were recovered from the HMs by degrading the scaffold, and examination showed that they had reached up to about 180 μm in diameter depending on the Gela-SH concentration, compared with 60 μm in conventional HMs without Gela-SH. After long-term culture (over 12 days), the liver-specific functions (secretion of albumin and urea) and DNA contents of the spheroids cultured in the HMs were elevated compared with those cultured in LMs. These results suggest that the developed HMs can be useful in designing a variety of microbioreactors for tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
The need for miniaturised reaction systems has led to the development of various microreactor platforms, such as droplet-based microreactors. However, these microreactors possess inherent drawbacks, such as rapid evaporation and difficult handling, that limit their use in practical applications. Liquid marbles are droplets covered with hydrophobic particles and are a potential platform that can overcome the weaknesses of bare droplets. The coating particles completely isolate the interior liquids from the surrounding environment, thus conveniently encapsulating the reactions. Great efforts have been made over the past decade to demonstrate the feasibility of liquid marble-based microreactors for chemical and biological applications. This review systemically summarises state-of-the-art implementations of liquid marbles as microreactors. This paper also discusses the various aspects of liquid marble-based microreactors, such as the formation, manipulation, and future perspectives.
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang J, Chintalaramulu N, Vadivelu R, An H, Yuan D, Jin J, Ooi CH, Cock IE, Li W, Nguyen NT. Inertial Microfluidic Purification of Floating Cancer Cells for Drug Screening and Three-Dimensional Tumor Models. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11558-11564. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Naveen Chintalaramulu
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Raja Vadivelu
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane QLD 4111, Australia
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Dan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jing Jin
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Chin Hong Ooi
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Ian Edwin Cock
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane QLD 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Roy PK, Binks BP, Fujii S, Shoval S, Bormashenko E. Composite Liquid Marbles as a Macroscopic Model System Representing Shedding of Enveloped Viruses. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4279-4285. [PMID: 32396360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A model macroscopic system imitating the entry of viruses into living cells is suggested. The system represents the contact of a composite (core-shell) liquid marble with hydrophobic/hydrophilic particles. Composite liquid marbles are water droplets coated with silicone oil armored with nanometer-sized hydrophobic particles serving as an interfacial model of a living cell. Composite marbles absorbed hydrophilic polymer particles but prevented hydrophobic particles from entering their core. Swallowing of hydrophilic particles by composite marbles resembles the penetration of viruses into living cells. The interfacial mechanism of absorption is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Kumar Roy
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ariel University, P.O.B. 3, 407000 Ariel, Israel
| | - Bernard P Binks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Shraga Shoval
- Industrial Engineering and Management Department, Engineering Faculty, Ariel University, P.O.B. 3, 40700 Ariel, Israel
| | - Edward Bormashenko
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ariel University, P.O.B. 3, 407000 Ariel, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Electrochemical measurement of respiratory activity for evaluation of fibroblast spheroids containing endothelial cell networks. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
41
|
All roads lead to Rome: the many ways to pluripotency. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1029-1036. [PMID: 32198717 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell pluripotency, spatial restriction, and development are spatially and temporally controlled by epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that occur without any permanent loss or alteration of genetic material, but rather through modifications "on top of it." These changes modulate the accessibility to transcription factors, either allowing or repressing their activity, thus shaping cell phenotype. Several studies have demonstrated the possibility to interact with these processes, reactivating silenced genes and inducing a high plasticity state, via an active demethylating effect, driven by ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes and an overall decrease of global methylation. In agreement with this, TET activities have been shown to be indispensable for mesenchymal to epithelial transition of somatic cells into iPSCs and for small molecule-driven epigenetic erasure. Beside the epigenetic mechanisms, growing evidences highlight the importance of mechanical forces in supporting cell pluripotency, which is strongly influenced by 3D rearrangement and mechanical properties of the surrounding microenvironment, through the activation of specific mechanosensing-related pathways. In this review, we discuss and provide an overview of small molecule ability to modulate cell plasticity and define cell fate through the activation of direct demethylating effects. In addition, we describe the contribution of the Hippo signaling mechanotransduction pathway as one of the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of pluripotency during embryo development and its induction in somatic cells.
Collapse
|
42
|
Li Z, Guo X, Sun L, Xu J, Liu W, Li T, Wang J. A simple microsphere‐based mold to rapidly fabricate microwell arrays for multisize 3D tumor culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1092-1100. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixiu Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Lili Sun
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Wenming Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Tianbao Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Xu L, Chen S, Lu X, Lu Q. Durable superamphiphobic silica aerogel surfaces for the culture of 3D cellular spheroids. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 6:1255-1265. [PMID: 34692003 PMCID: PMC8291414 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3D multicellular spheroids with intact cell-cell junctions have major roles in biological research by virtue of their unique advantage of mimicking the cellular physiological environments. In this work, a durable superamphiphobic silica aerogel surface (SSAS) has been fabricated for the upward culture of 3D multicellular spheroids. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was first electrodeposited on a conductive steel mesh as a first template for porous silica coating. Soot particles were then applied as a second template to construct a cauliflower-like silica aerogel nanostructure. After fluorination, a hierarchical structure with re-entrant curvature was finally fabricated as a durable superamphiphobic surface. This superamphiphobic surface also presented excellent antifouling towards biomacromolecules and cells, which has been demonstrated by the successful upward culture of cell spheroids. The upward culture makes the observation of cellular behavior in situ possible, holding great potential for 3D cellular evaluation in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianyi Xu
- School of Materials Science, Institute of Energy Equipment Materials, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuemin Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qinghua Lu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gandolfi F, Arcuri S, Pennarossa G, Brevini TAL. New tools for cell reprogramming and conversion: Possible applications to livestock. Anim Reprod 2019; 16:475-484. [PMID: 32435291 PMCID: PMC7234139 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer and iPS are both forms of radical cell reprogramming able to transform a fully differentiated cell type into a totipotent or pluripotent cell. Both processes, however, are hampered by low efficiency and, in the case of iPS, the application to livestock species is uncertain. Epigenetic manipulation has recently emerged as an efficient and robust alternative method for cell reprogramming. It is based upon the use of small molecules that are able to modify the levels of DNA methylation with 5-azacitidyne as one of the most widely used. Among a number of advantages, it includes the fact that it can be applied to domestic species including pig, dog and cat. Treated cells undergo a widespread demethylation which is followed by a renewed methylation pattern induced by specific chemical stimuli that lead to the desired phenotype. A detailed study of the mechanisms of epigenetic manipulation revealed that cell plasticity is achieved through the combined action of a reduced DNA methyl transferase activity with an active demethylation driven by the TET protein family. Surprisingly the same combination of molecular processes leads to the transformation of fibroblasts into iPS and regulate the epigenetic changes that take place during early development and, hence, during reprogramming following SCNT. Finally, it has recently emerged that mechanic stimuli in the form of a 3D cell rearrangement can significantly enhance the efficiency of epigenetic reprogramming as well as of maintenance of pluripotency. Interestingly these mechanic stimuli act on the same mechanisms both in epigenetic cell conversion with 5-Aza-CR and in iPS. We suggest that the balanced combination of epigenetic erasing, 3D cell rearrangement and chemical induction can go a long way to obtain ad hoc cell types that can fully exploit the current exiting development brought by gene editing and animal cloning in livestock production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Gandolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sharon Arcuri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Georgia Pennarossa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana A L Brevini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang Y, Fu X, Guo W, Deng Y, Binks BP, Shum HC. Electrocoalescence of liquid marbles driven by embedded electrodes for triggering bioreactions. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3526-3534. [PMID: 31544191 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00722a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid marbles need to be controlled precisely to benefit applications, for instance, as microreactors on digital microfluidic platforms for chemical and biological assays. In this work, a strategy is introduced to coalesce liquid marbles via electrostatics, where two liquid marbles in contact can coalesce when a sufficiently high voltage is applied to embedded electrodes. With the understanding of the mechanism of coalescence through relating the electric stress and the restoring capillary pressure at the contact interface, this method coalesces liquid marbles efficiently. When compared with the existing electrocoalescence method, our approach does not require immersion of electrodes to trigger coalescence. We demonstrate this to exchange the medium for the culture of cell spheroids and to measure the cell metabolic activity through a CCK-8 assay. The manipulation of liquid marbles driven by electrostatics creates new opportunities to conduct chemical reactions and biomedical assays in these novel microreactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yage Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yildirimer L, Zhang Q, Kuang S, Cheung CWJ, Chu KA, He Y, Yang M, Zhao X. Engineering three-dimensional microenvironments towards
in vitro
disease models of the central nervous system. Biofabrication 2019; 11:032003. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab17aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
47
|
Mozhi Devan Padmanathan A, Sneha Ravi A, Choudhary H, Varanakkottu SN, Dalvi SV. Predictive Framework for the Spreading of Liquid Drops and the Formation of Liquid Marbles on Hydrophobic Particle Bed. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6657-6668. [PMID: 31039316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have developed a model to describe the behavior of liquid drops upon impaction on hydrophobic particle bed and verified it experimentally. Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) particles were used to coat drops of water, aqueous solutions of glycerol (20, 40, and 60% v/v), and ethanol (5 and 12% v/v). The experiments were conducted for Weber number ( We) ranging from 8 to 130 and Reynolds number ( Re) ranging from 370 to 4460. The bed porosity was varied from 0.8 to 0.6. The experimental values of βmax (ratio of the diameter at the maximum spreading condition to the initial drop diameter) were estimated from the time-lapsed images captured using a high-speed camera. The theoretical βmax was estimated by making energy balances on the liquid drop. The proposed model accounts for the energy losses due to viscous dissipation and crater formation along with a change in kinetic energy and surface energy. A good agreement was obtained between the experimental βmax and the estimated theoretical βmax. The proposed model yielded a least % absolute average relative deviation (% AARD) of 5.5 ± 4.3 compared to other models available in the literature. Further, it was found that the liquid drops impacting on particle bed are completely coated with PTFE particles with βmax values greater than 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Apoorva Sneha Ravi
- Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar , Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355 , Gujarat , India
| | - Hema Choudhary
- Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar , Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355 , Gujarat , India
| | | | - Sameer V Dalvi
- Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar , Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355 , Gujarat , India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Beckingham LJ, Todorovic M, Tello Velasquez J, Vial ML, Chen M, Ekberg JAK, St John JA. Three-dimensional cell culture can be regulated by vibration: low-frequency vibration increases the size of olfactory ensheathing cell spheroids. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:41. [PMID: 31131022 PMCID: PMC6524253 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation is emerging as a promising therapy for spinal cord injuries. However, outcomes are inconsistent, and the method needs improvement. Currently, cells are injected into the injury site as a suspension, and often fail to form a three-dimensional (3D) network crucial for both survival of the transplanted cells, and for regeneration of severed axons. 3D culture systems are therefore likely to improve the method. Of the many 3D culture systems available, the spheroid-producing naked liquid marble (NLM) technique is particularly advantageous compared to other platforms as it rapidly generates cell spheroids which can easily be extracted for further handling. To improve production of the spheroids, we designed and tested a device which allows fine control over vibrational stimuli to liquid marble cell cultures. We applied vibrational frequencies of 20, 60, and 80 Hz with consistent amplitude to NLM containing OECs and assessed the size and number of the 3D cell spheroids generated as well as the migratory capacity of cells cultured in the vibrated spheroids. Results Vibrating the NLMs led to fewer and dramatically larger spheroids in comparison to non-vibrated NLMs. Of the frequencies tested, 60 Hz caused over 70-fold increase in spheroid volume. When transferred to a culture plate, the larger spheroids retained their structure after 72 h in culture, and cells that migrated out of the spheroids covered a significantly larger area compared to cells migrating out of spheroids formed at all the other frequencies tested. Conclusions We have shown that vibration can be used to regulate the formation of cell spheroids in NLM cultures. The ability to modulate the size of spheroids is useful for a range of 3D cell culture models and for preparing cells for in vivo transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan J Beckingham
- The Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Brisbane, Australia.,2Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael Todorovic
- The Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Brisbane, Australia.,2Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,3Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,4School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Johana Tello Velasquez
- The Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Brisbane, Australia.,2Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marie-Laure Vial
- The Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Brisbane, Australia.,2Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,3Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Mo Chen
- The Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Brisbane, Australia.,2Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,3Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Jenny A K Ekberg
- The Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Brisbane, Australia.,2Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,3Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - James A St John
- The Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Brisbane, Australia.,2Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,3Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Samal P, van Blitterswijk C, Truckenmüller R, Giselbrecht S. Grow with the Flow: When Morphogenesis Meets Microfluidics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805764. [PMID: 30767289 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developmental biology has advanced the understanding of the intricate and dynamic processes involved in the formation of an organism from a single cell. However, many gaps remain in the knowledge of embryonic development, especially regarding tissue morphogenesis. A possible approach to mimic such phenomena uses pluripotent stem cells in in vitro morphogenetic models. Herein, these systems are summarized with emphasis on the ability to better manipulate and control cellular interfaces with either liquid or solid materials using microengineered tools, which is critical for attaining deeper insights into pattern formation and stem cell differentiation during organogenesis. The role of conventional and customized cell-culture systems in supporting important advances in the field of morphogenesis is discussed, and the fascinating role that material sciences and microengineering currently play and are expected to play in the future is highlighted. In conclusion, it is proffered that continued microfluidics innovations when applied to morphogenesis promise to provide important insights to advance many multidisciplinary fields, including regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinak Samal
- Department of Complex Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- Department of Complex Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Truckenmüller
- Department of Complex Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Complex Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen M, Shah MP, Shelper TB, Nazareth L, Barker M, Tello Velasquez J, Ekberg JAK, Vial ML, St John JA. Naked Liquid Marbles: A Robust Three-Dimensional Low-Volume Cell-Culturing System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:9814-9823. [PMID: 30724549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular structures allow cells to behave and interact with each other in a manner that mimics the in vivo environment. In recent years, many 3D cell culture methods have been developed with the goal of producing the most in vivo-like structures possible. Whilst strongly preferable to conventional cell culture, these approaches are often poorly reproducible, time-consuming, expensive, and labor-intensive and require specialized equipment. Here, we describe a novel 3D culture platform, which we have termed the naked liquid marble (NLM). Cells are cultured in a liquid drop (the NLM) in superhydrophobic-coated plates, which causes the cells to naturally form 3D structures. Inside the NLMs, cells are free to interact with each other, forming multiple 3D spheroids that are uniform in size and shape in less than 24 h. We showed that this system is highly reproducible, suitable for cell coculture, compound screening, and also compatible with laboratory automation systems. The low cost of production, small volume of each NLM, and production via automated liquid handling make this 3D cell-culturing system particularly suitable for high-throughput screening assays such as drug testing as well as numerous other cell-based research applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Chen
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , 4222 Queensland , Australia
| | - Megha P Shah
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , 4222 Queensland , Australia
| | - Todd B Shelper
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , 4222 Queensland , Australia
| | - Lynn Nazareth
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , 4222 Queensland , Australia
| | | | | | - Jenny A K Ekberg
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , 4222 Queensland , Australia
| | - Marie-Laure Vial
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , 4222 Queensland , Australia
| | - James A St John
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , 4222 Queensland , Australia
| |
Collapse
|