1
|
Sun W, Zhang Y, Cao K, Lu S, Du A, Huang H, Zhang S, Hu C, Feng C, Liang W, Liu Q, Mi S, Cai J, Lu Y, Zhao W, Zhao Y. Electric field control of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions with easy-cone magnetic anisotropic free layers. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadj8379. [PMID: 38579008 PMCID: PMC10997210 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are the core element of spintronic devices. Currently, the mainstream writing operation of MTJs is based on electric current with high energy dissipation, and it can be notably reduced if an electric field is used instead. In this regard, it is promising for electric field control of MTJ in the multiferroic heterostructure composed of MTJ and ferroelectrics via strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling. However, there are only reports on MTJs with in-plane anisotropy so far. Here, we investigate electric field control of the resistance state of MgO-based perpendicular MTJs with easy-cone anisotropic free layers through strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic heterostructures. A remarkable, nonvolatile, and reversible modulation of resistance at room temperature is demonstrated. Through local reciprocal space mapping under different electric fields for Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 beneath the MTJ pillar, the modulation mechanism is deduced. Our work represents a crucial step toward electric field control of spintronic devices with non-in-plane magnetic anisotropy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weideng Sun
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yike Zhang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kaihua Cao
- Fert Beijing Institute, School of Integrated Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shiyang Lu
- Fert Beijing Institute, School of Integrated Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ao Du
- Fert Beijing Institute, School of Integrated Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haoliang Huang
- Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ce Feng
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhui Liang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shu Mi
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianwang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yalin Lu
- Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Weisheng Zhao
- Fert Beijing Institute, School of Integrated Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yonggang Zhao
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tanguturi RG, Tsai JC, Li YS, Tsay JS. Impact of a rubrene buffer layer on the dynamic magnetic behavior of nickel layers on Si(100). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32029-32039. [PMID: 37982149 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04463g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces of ferromagnetic/organic material hybrid structures refer to the spin interface that governs physical properties for achieving high spin polarization, low impedance mismatch, and long spin relaxation. Spintronics can add new functionalities to electronic devices by taking advantage of the spin degree of freedom of electrons, which makes understanding the dynamic magnetic properties of magnetic films important for spintronic device applications. Our knowledge regarding the magnetic dynamics and magnetic anisotropy of combining ferromagnetic layer and organic semiconductor by microwave-dependent magnetic measurements remains limited. Herein, we report the impact of an organic layer on the dynamic magnetic behavior of nickel/rubrene bilayers deposited on a Si(100) substrate. From magnetic dynamic measurements, opposite signs of effective magnetic fields between the in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OP) configurations suggest that the magnetization of Ni(x)/rubrene/Si prefers to coexist. A shift in OP resonance fields to higher values can mainly be attributed to the enhanced second-order anisotropy parameter K2 value. Based on IP measurements, a two-magnon scattering mechanism is dominant for thin Ni(x)/rubrene/Si bilayers. By adding a rubrene layer, the highly stable IP combined with the tunable OP ferromagnetic resonance spectra for Ni(x)/rubrene/Si bilayers make them promising materials for use in microwave magnetic devices and spintronics with controllable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian-Chen Tsai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan.
| | - You-Siang Li
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Shen Tsay
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Long J, Hu Q, Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Xin Y, Ren J, Dong B, Li G, Yang Y, Li H, Zhu Z. Comparative Study of Temperature Impact in Spin-Torque Switched Perpendicular and Easy-Cone MTJs. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:337. [PMID: 36678090 PMCID: PMC9863570 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The writing performance of the easy-cone magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) and perpendicularly magnetized MTJ (pMTJ) under various temperatures was investigated based on the macrospin model. When the temperature is changed from 273 K to 373 K, the switching current density of the pMTJ changes by 56%, whereas this value is only 8% in the easy-cone MTJ. Similarly, the temperature-induced variation of the switching delay is more significant in the pMTJ. This indicates that the easy-cone MTJ has a more stable writing performance under temperature variations, resulting in a wider operating temperature range. In addition, these two types of MTJs exhibit opposite temperature dependence in the current overdrive and write error rate. In the easy cone MTJ, these two performance metrics will reduce as temperature is increased. The results shown in this work demonstrate that the easy-cone MTJ is more suitable to work at high temperatures compared with the pMTJ. Our work provides a guidance for the design of STT-MRAM that is required to operate at high temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Long
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Beijing Superstring Academy of Memory Technology, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Zhengping Yuan
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yunsen Zhang
- Beijing Superstring Academy of Memory Technology, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yue Xin
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bowen Dong
- Beijing Superstring Academy of Memory Technology, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Gengfei Li
- Beijing Superstring Academy of Memory Technology, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yumeng Yang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy Efficient and Custom AI IC, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Beijing Superstring Academy of Memory Technology, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy Efficient and Custom AI IC, Shanghai 201210, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anyfantis DI, Ballani C, Kanistras N, Barnasas A, Kapaklis V, Schmidt G, Papaioannou ET, Poulopoulos P. Growth, Magnetic Anisotropies and Exchange Bias of Thin Ni0.95Fe0.05/NiFeO Multilayers. Coatings 2022; 12:627. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Ni0.95Fe0.05/NiFeO multilayers were fabricated by radio frequency magnetron sputtering and natural oxidation. Doping of Ni by only 5 at. % Fe results in enhanced layering quality as X-ray reflectivity reveals. Due to magnetostatic anisotropy, the multilayers were found to be in-plane magnetized. The influence of mild thermal annealing (T = 525 K) on the magnetic properties of NiFe/NiFeO multilayers is also investigated. Annealing results in the enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, mainly due to an increase in the uniaxial volume anisotropy term. Temperature-dependent hysteresis measurements between 4–400 K revealed considerable enhancement of coercivity and appearance of exchange bias effect.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sud A, Tacchi S, Sagkovits D, Barton C, Sall M, Diez LH, Stylianidis E, Smith N, Wright L, Zhang S, Zhang X, Ravelosona D, Carlotti G, Kurebayashi H, Kazakova O, Cubukcu M. Tailoring interfacial effect in multilayers with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction by helium ion irradiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23626. [PMID: 34880294 PMCID: PMC8654828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We show a method to control magnetic interfacial effects in multilayers with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) using helium (He[Formula: see text]) ion irradiation. We report results from SQUID magnetometry, ferromagnetic resonance as well as Brillouin light scattering results on multilayers with DMI as a function of irradiation fluence to study the effect of irradiation on the magnetic properties of the multilayers. Our results show clear evidence of the He[Formula: see text] irradiation effects on the magnetic properties which is consistent with interface modification due to the effects of the He[Formula: see text] irradiation. This external degree of freedom offers promising perspectives to further improve the control of magnetic skyrmions in multilayers, that could push them towards integration in future technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Sud
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH UK
| | - S. Tacchi
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Istituto Officina dei Materiali del CNR (CNR-IOM), Sede Secondaria di Perugia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - D. Sagkovits
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH UK ,grid.410351.20000 0000 8991 6349National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW UK
| | - C. Barton
- grid.410351.20000 0000 8991 6349National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW UK
| | - M. Sall
- Spin-Ion Technologies, Palaiseau, France
| | - L. H. Diez
- grid.503099.6Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Orsay, l̂le-de-France France
| | - E. Stylianidis
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH UK
| | - N. Smith
- grid.410351.20000 0000 8991 6349National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW UK
| | - L. Wright
- grid.410351.20000 0000 8991 6349National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW UK
| | - S. Zhang
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - X. Zhang
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - D. Ravelosona
- Spin-Ion Technologies, Palaiseau, France ,grid.503099.6Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Orsay, l̂le-de-France France
| | - G. Carlotti
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - H. Kurebayashi
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH UK
| | - O. Kazakova
- grid.410351.20000 0000 8991 6349National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW UK
| | - M. Cubukcu
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH UK ,grid.410351.20000 0000 8991 6349National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Benguettat-El Mokhtari I, Ourdani D, Roussigné Y, Mos RB, Nasui M, Kail F, Chahed L, Chérif SM, Stashkevich A, Gabor M, Belmeguenai M. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in as grown and annealed X/Co/Y ultrathin systems. J Phys Condens Matter 2020; 32:495802. [PMID: 32914766 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abb0a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI) are investigated in as grown and 300 °C annealed Co-based ultrathin systems. For this, Co films of various thicknesses (0.8 nm ⩽ t Co ⩽ 5.7 nm) were deposited by magnetron sputtering on thermally oxidized Si substrates using Pt, W, Ir, Ti, Ru and MgO buffer or/and capping layers. X-ray diffraction was used to investigate their structural properties and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) was used to determine the magnetic dead layer thickness and the magnetization at saturation (M s). VSM revealed that the M s for the Pt and the Ir buffered and capped films is the largest. Microstrip line ferromagnetic resonance (MS-FMR), used to extract the gyromagnetic ratio of the thicker Co films, revealed the existence of a second order PMA term, which is thickness dependent. Brillouin light scattering (BLS) in the Damon-Eshbach configuration was used to investigate the thickness dependence of the iDMI effective constant from the spin wave vector dependence of the frequency difference between Stokes and anti-Stokes lines. BLS and MS-FMR techniques were combined to measure the spin wave frequency variation as a function of the in-plane applied magnetic field (where the second order PMA contribution vanishes). The thickness dependence of the effective magnetization was then deduced and used to investigate PMA. For all the systems, PMA results from interface and volume contributions that we determined. The largest interface PMA constants were obtained for Pt- and Ir-based systems due to the electron hybridization of Co with these heavy metals having high spin orbit coupling. Annealing at 300 °C increases both the interface PMA and iDMI for the Pt/Co/MgO most probably due to de-mixing of interpenetrating oxygen atoms from the Co layer and the formation of a sharp Co/O interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Benguettat-El Mokhtari
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, LSPM, CNRS, UPR 3407, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France. Laboratoire de Physique des Couches Minces et Matériaux pour l'Electronique, Université Oran1, BP1524, El M'naouar 31100 Oran, Algerie
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang L, Fang B, Cai J, Wu W, Zhang B, Wang B, Amiri PK, Finocchio G, Zeng Z. Enhanced Broad-band Radio Frequency Detection in Nanoscale Magnetic Tunnel Junction by Interface Engineering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:29382-29387. [PMID: 31342742 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Broad-band radio frequency (RF) detection is of great interest for its potential applications in wireless charging and energy harvesting. Here, we demonstrate that the bandwidth of broad-band RF detection in spin-torque diodes based on magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) can be enhanced through engineering the interface perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) between the CoFeB free layer and the MgO tunnel barrier. An ultrawide RF detection bandwidth of over 3 GHz is observed in the MTJs, and the broad-band RF detection behavior can be modulated by tuning the free layer PMA. Furthermore, a wide RF detection bandwidth (about 1.8 GHz) can be realized even without any external bias field for free layers with a thickness of about 1.65 nm. Finally, the dependence of the broad-band RF detection bandwidth on external magnetic field and RF power is discussed. Our results pave the way for RF energy harvesting for future portable nanoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Like Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, CAS , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, CAS , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, CAS , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weican Wu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, CAS , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, CAS , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bochong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pedram Khalili Amiri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Giovanni Finocchio
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences , University of Messina , Messina 98166 , Italy
| | - Zhongming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, CAS , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martínez I, Tiusan C, Hehn M, Chshiev M, Aliev FG. Symmetry broken spin reorientation transition in epitaxial MgO/Fe/MgO layers with competing anisotropies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9463. [PMID: 29930248 PMCID: PMC6013435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) at MgO/Fe interfaces boosted the development of spintronic devices based on ultrathin ferromagnetic layers. Yet, magnetization reversal in the standard magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with competing PMA and in-plane anisotropies remains unclear. Here we report on the field induced nonvolatile broken symmetry magnetization reorientation transition from the in-plane to the perpendicular (out of plane) state at temperatures below 50 K. The samples were 10 nm thick Fe in MgO/Fe(100)/MgO as stacking components of V/MgO/Fe/MgO/Fe/Co double barrier MTJs with an area of 20 × 20 μm2. Micromagnetic simulations with PMA and different second order anisotropies at the opposite Fe/MgO interfaces qualitatively reproduce the observed broken symmetry spin reorientation transition. Our findings open the possibilities to develop multistate epitaxial spintronics based on competing magnetic anisotropies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isidoro Martínez
- Dpto. Fisica de la Materia Condensada, IFIMAC and INC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coriolan Tiusan
- Center of Superconductivity, Spintronics and Surface Science (C4S), Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, 400114, Romania
| | - Michel Hehn
- Institut Jean Lamour, Nancy-Université Vandoeuvre Les Nancy Cedex, Nancy, 54506, France
| | - Mairbek Chshiev
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SPINTEC, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Farkhad G Aliev
- Dpto. Fisica de la Materia Condensada, IFIMAC and INC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yun SJ, Lee KJ, Lim SH. Critical switching current density induced by spin Hall effect in magnetic structures with first- and second-order perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15314. [PMID: 29127357 PMCID: PMC5681510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we derive analytical expressions for the critical switching current density induced by spin Hall effect in magnetic structures with the first- and second-order perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We confirm the validity of the expressions by comparing the analytical results with those obtained from a macrospin simulation. Moreover, we find that for a particular thermal stability parameter, the switching current density can be minimized for a slightly positive second-order perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the minimum switching current density can further be tuned using an external magnetic field. The analytical expressions are of considerable value in designing high-density magnetic random access memory and cryogenic memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jin Yun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|