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Sun T, Wei L, Tian H, Zhan W, Ma H, Nie D, Wang S, Chen X, Tang G. Novel PET/CT tracers for targeted imaging of membrane receptors to evaluate cardiomyocyte apoptosis and tissue repair process in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Apoptosis 2021; 26:460-473. [PMID: 34185202 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to employ novel tracers PET imaging approach to define the time course and intensity of myocardial repair after apoptosis and to correlate the imaging signal to immunohistochemical staining in myocardial infarction (MI). We designed novel αVβ3-targeted and radio-functionalized tracers for detection of apoptosis in H9C2 cells and myocardial tissue. MI rats were imaged with [18F]FDG, [18F]ANP-Cin or [18F]ANP-RGD2 using a small-animal PET/CT device. Rats were sacrificed, and tissue samples from viable and injured myocardial areas were sectioned for TUNEL assay and histology. The uncorrected radiochemical yield of [18F]ANP-Cin and [18F]ANP-RGD2 were 41.3 ± 5.4% and 21.17 ± 4.7%, respectively. Two tracers meet many criteria for cardiac imaging, including high stability, high binding, no toxicity, fast renal clearance and excellent biodistribution in rat models. The uptake of [18F]ANP-Cin was significantly higher on the 1st and 3rd day than the 7th or 28th day after MI induction, a timeframe associated with increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Higher uptake of [18F]ANP-Cin was observed in MI rats than in N-acetylcysteine (NAC)-treated rats on the 3rd days. In contrast with [18F]ANP-Cin, no hot-spots was observed with [18F]ANP-RGD2 on the 1st day and more hot-spots was observed from the 3rd day to the 7th day, then less on the 28th days in the high apoptotic site. There was no uptake of [18F]FDG in or around the apoptotic region. On the 7th day the uptake of [18F]ANP-RGD2 was higher in NAC-treated rats than MI rats. [18F]ANP-Cin and [18F]ANP-RGD2 are superior to [18F]FDG for PET/CT imaging for evaluation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and tissue repair processes in the MI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Lijiang Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Nanfang PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Wanlin Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy and Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dahong Nie
- Department of Radiotherapy and Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shilin Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- Nanfang PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Radiotherapy and Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Ludwig BS, Kessler H, Kossatz S, Reuning U. RGD-Binding Integrins Revisited: How Recently Discovered Functions and Novel Synthetic Ligands (Re-)Shape an Ever-Evolving Field. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1711. [PMID: 33916607 PMCID: PMC8038522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins have been extensively investigated as therapeutic targets over the last decades, which has been inspired by their multiple functions in cancer progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis as well as a continuously expanding number of other diseases, e.g., sepsis, fibrosis, and viral infections, possibly also Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Although integrin-targeted (cancer) therapy trials did not meet the high expectations yet, integrins are still valid and promising targets due to their elevated expression and surface accessibility on diseased cells. Thus, for the future successful clinical translation of integrin-targeted compounds, revisited and innovative treatment strategies have to be explored based on accumulated knowledge of integrin biology. For this, refined approaches are demanded aiming at alternative and improved preclinical models, optimized selectivity and pharmacological properties of integrin ligands, as well as more sophisticated treatment protocols considering dose fine-tuning of compounds. Moreover, integrin ligands exert high accuracy in disease monitoring as diagnostic molecular imaging tools, enabling patient selection for individualized integrin-targeted therapy. The present review comprehensively analyzes the state-of-the-art knowledge on the roles of RGD-binding integrin subtypes in cancer and non-cancerous diseases and outlines the latest achievements in the design and development of synthetic ligands and their application in biomedical, translational, and molecular imaging approaches. Indeed, substantial progress has already been made, including advanced ligand designs, numerous elaborated pre-clinical and first-in-human studies, while the discovery of novel applications for integrin ligands remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice S. Ludwig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Horst Kessler
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Makowski MR, Rischpler C, Ebersberger U, Keithahn A, Kasel M, Hoffmann E, Rassaf T, Kessler H, Wester HJ, Nekolla SG, Schwaiger M, Beer AJ. Multiparametric PET and MRI of myocardial damage after myocardial infarction: correlation of integrin αvβ3 expression and myocardial blood flow. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:1070-1080. [PMID: 32970218 PMCID: PMC8041712 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased angiogenesis after myocardial infarction is considered an important favorable prognostic parameter. The αvβ3 integrin is a key mediator of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and an important molecular target for imaging of neovasculature and repair processes after MI. Thus, imaging of αvβ3 expression might provide a novel biomarker for assessment of myocardial angiogenesis as a prognostic marker of left ventricular remodeling after MI. Currently, there is limited data available regarding the association of myocardial blood flow and αvβ3 integrin expression after myocardial infarction in humans. METHODS Twelve patients were examined 31 ± 14 days after MI with PET/CT using [18F]Galacto-RGD and [13N]NH3 and with cardiac MRI including late enhancement on the same day. Normal myocardium (remote) and areas of infarction (lesion) were identified on the [18F]Galacto-RGD PET/CT images by correlation with [13N]NH3 PET and cardiac MRI. Lesion/liver-, lesion/blood-, and lesion/remote ratios were calculated. Blood flow and [18F]Galacto-RGD uptake were quantified and correlated for each myocardial segment (AHA 17-segment model). RESULTS In 5 patients, increased [18F]Galacto-RGD uptake was notable within or adjacent to the infarction areas with a lesion/remote ratio of 46% (26-83%; lesion/blood 1.15 ± 0.06; lesion/liver 0.61 ± 0.18). [18F]Galacto-RGD uptake correlated significantly with infarct size (R = 0.73; p = 0.016). Moreover, it correlated significantly with restricted blood flow for all myocardial segments (R = - 0.39; p < 0.0001) and even stronger in severely hypoperfused areas (R = - 0.75; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION [18F]Galacto-RGD PET/CT allows the visualization and quantification of myocardial αvβ3 expression as a key player in angiogenesis in a subset of patients after MI. αvβ3 expression was more pronounced in patients with larger infarcts and was generally more intense but not restricted to areas with more impaired blood flow, proving that tracer uptake was largely independent of unspecific perfusion effects. Based on these promising results, larger prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the potential of αvβ3 imaging for assessment of myocardial angiogenesis and prediction of ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus R Makowski
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Rischpler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | | | - Alexandra Keithahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Kasel
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Ellen Hoffmann
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan G Nekolla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ambros J Beer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Sullivan HL, Gianneschi NC, Christman KL. Targeted nanoscale therapeutics for myocardial infarction. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1204-1216. [PMID: 33367371 PMCID: PMC7932032 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01677b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale therapeutics have promise for the administration of therapeutic small molecules and biologics to the heart following myocardial infarction. Directed delivery to the infarcted region of the heart using minimally invasive routes is critical to this promise. In this review, we will discuss the advances and design considerations for two nanoscale therapeutics engineered to target the infarcted heart, nanoparticles and adeno-associated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Sullivan
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative, Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
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Ahn SJ, Lee HY, Hong HK, Jung JH, Park JH, Park KH, Kim SE, Woo SJ, Lee BC. Preclinical SPECT Imaging of Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice Using Integrin-Binding [ 99mTc]IDA-D-[c(RGDfK)] 2. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 21:644-653. [PMID: 30460625 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Integrin ɑvβ3, an adhesion molecule overexpressed in neovascular endothelial cells, is involved in ocular angiogenesis. Integrin ɑvβ3-binding arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide has been used to target and visualize new vessels. We explored the use of integrin ɑvβ3-targeted RGD peptide ([99mTc]IDA-D-[c(RGDfK)]2) for in vivo molecular imaging of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). PROCEDURES To induce CNV in animals, the right eyes of C57BL/6 mice were treated with retinal argon laser photocoagulation. CNV formation was confirmed on immunohistopathological examination of retinal and choroidal tissues. To explore the association of integrin with angiogenesis, integrin mRNA expression in the retinal and choroidal tissues was measured using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. For in vivo imaging, mice were intravenously injected with [99mTc]IDA-D-[c(RGDfK)]2 and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images of [99mTc]IDA-D-[c(RGDfK)]2 were obtained before laser induction (baseline) and at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days post-induction. CNV-induced regional alterations were measured using radiotracer uptake count. RESULTS Immunohistopathological examination revealed that CNV lesions showed intense fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-D-[c(RGDfK)]2 immunofluorescence, in contrast to the normal retina and choroid. Retinal integrin mRNA expression peaked at day 1 following CNV induction. On SPECT images using [99mTc]IDA-D-[c(RGDfK)]2, the radio-uptake count in eyes with CNV was significantly higher than in normal controls on days 1-7 (all p < 0.05), with a peak at day 3 representing the highest angiogenic activity. Our preclinical data demonstrated that [99mTc]IDA-D-[c(RGDfK)]2 can detect CNV and its associated angiogenesis in an animal model of CNV. CONCLUSIONS SPECT imaging using an integrin ɑvβ3-targeted RGD peptide radiotracer may be a useful tool for in vivo functional molecular imaging of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Joon Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumidong, Bundanggu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Hospital, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumidong, Bundanggu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kyoung Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumidong, Bundanggu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Jung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumidong, Bundanggu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumidong, Bundanggu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumidong, Bundanggu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumidong, Bundanggu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joon Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumidong, Bundanggu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumidong, Bundanggu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea.
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Ziegler T, Bähr A, Howe A, Klett K, Husada W, Weber C, Laugwitz KL, Kupatt C, Hinkel R. Tβ4 Increases Neovascularization and Cardiac Function in Chronic Myocardial Ischemia of Normo- and Hypercholesterolemic Pigs. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1706-1714. [PMID: 29929787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Translations of new therapeutic options for cardiovascular disease from animal studies into a clinical setting have been hampered, in part by an improper reflection of a relevant patient population in animal models. In this study, we investigated the impact of thymosin β4 (Tβ4), which promotes collateralization and capillarization, during hypercholesterolemia, a known risk factor of coronary artery disease. Initial in vitro results highlighted an improved endothelial cell function upon Tβ4 treatment under control conditions and during hypercholesterolemic stress (scratch area [pixels]: oxidized low-density lipoprotein [oxLDL], 191,924 ± 7,717; and oxLDL + Tβ4, 105,621 ± 11,245). To mimic the common risk factor of hypercholesterolemia in vivo, pigs on regular (NC) or high-fat (HC) diet underwent chronic myocardial ischemia followed by recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated transduction of Tβ4 or LacZ as a control. We show that Tβ4 overexpression improves capillarization and collateralization (collaterals: NC + rAAV.LacZ, 2.1 ± 0.5; NC + rAAV.Tβ4, 6.7 ± 0.5; HC + rAAV.LacZ, 3.0 ± 0.3; and HC + rAAV.Tβ4, 6.0 ± 0.4), ultimately leading to an improved myocardial function in both diet groups (ejection fraction [EF] at day 56 [%]: NC + rAAV.LacZ, 26 ± 1.1; NC + rAAV.Tβ4, 45 ± 1.5; HC + rAAV.LacZ, 26 ± 2.5; and HC + rAAV.Tβ4, 41 ± 2.6). These results demonstrate the potency of Tβ4 in a patient-relevant large animal model of chronic myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Ziegler
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Bähr
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Howe
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Klett
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Wira Husada
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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RGD modified and PEGylated lipid nanoparticles loaded with puerarin: Formulation, characterization and protective effects on acute myocardial ischemia model. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:297-304. [PMID: 28236703 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Puerarin has been widely used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, its rapid elimination half-life in plasma and poor water solubility limits its clinical efficacy. OBJECTIVE RGD modified and PEGylated solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with puerarin (RGD/PEG-PUE-SLN) were developed to improve bioavailability of PUE, to prolong retention time in vivo and to enhance its protective effect on acute myocardial ischemia model. METHODS In the present study, RGD-PEG-DSPE was synthesized. RGD/PEG-PUE-SLN were prepared by the solvent evaporation method with some modifications. The physicochemical properties of NPs were characterized, the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, pharmacodynamic behavior of RGD/PEG-PUE-SLN were evaluated in acute MI rats. RESULTS The mean diameter, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and drug loading capacity for RGD/PEG-PUE-SLN were observed as 110.5nm, -26.2mV, 85.7% and 16.5% respectively. PUE from RGD/PEG-PUE-SLN exhibited sustained drug release with a burst release during the initial 12h and a followed sustained release. Pharmacokinetics results indicated that AUC increased from 52.93 (μg/mLh) for free PUE to 176.5 (μg/mLh) for RGD/PEG-PUE-SLN. Similarly, T1/2 increased from 0.73h for free PUE to 2.62h for RGD/PEG-PUE-SLN. RGD/PEG-PUE-SLN exhibited higher drug concentration in the heart and plasma compared with other PUE formulations. It can be clearly seen that the infarct size of RGD/PEG-PUE-SLN is the lowest among all the formulation. CONCLUSION We conclude that RGD modified and PEGylated SLN are promising candidate delivery vehicles for cardioprotective drugs in treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Huang W, Qin M, Li Y, Cao Y, Wang W. Dimerization of Cell-Adhesion Molecules Can Increase Their Binding Strength. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1398-1404. [PMID: 28110537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs) often exist as homodimers under physiological conditions. However, owing to steric hindrance, simultaneous binding of two ligands to the homodimers at the same location can hardly be satisfied, and the molecular mechanism underlying this natural design is still unknown. Here, we present a theoretical model to understand the rupture behavior of cell-adhesion bonds formed by multiple binding ligands with a single receptor. We found that the dissociation forces for the cell-adhesion bond could be greatly enhanced in comparison with the monomer case through a ligand rebinding and exchange mechanism. We also confirmed this prediction by measuring dimeric cRGD (cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp) unbinding from integrin (αvβ3) using atomic force microscopy-based single-molecule force spectroscopy. Our finding addresses the mechanism of increasing the binding strength of cell-adhesion bonds through dimerization at the single-molecule level, representing a key step toward the understanding of complicated cell-adhesion behaviors. Moreover, our results also highlight a wealth of opportunities to design mechanically stronger bioconjunctions for drug delivery, biolabeling, and surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmao Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure and Department of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure and Department of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ying Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure and Department of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure and Department of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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