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Lin H, Li J, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhu T. Exosomal Long Noncoding RNAs in NSCLC: Dysfunctions and Clinical Potential. J Cancer 2023; 14:1736-1750. [PMID: 37476194 PMCID: PMC10355206 DOI: 10.7150/jca.84506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a typical subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be transmitted from parent cells to recipient cells via human bodily fluids. Exosomes perform a vital role in mediating intercellular communication by shuttling bioactive cargos, such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides without protein translation ability and can be selectively packaged into exosomes. Accumulating evidence indicates that exosomal lncRNAs have a critical role in tumor initiation and progression through regulating tumor proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, treatment resistance and tumor microenvironment. Increasing studies suggest that exosomal lncRNAs have great potential to be served as novel targets and non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this review, we provide an overview of current research on the disordered functions of exosomal lncRNAs in NSCLC and summarize their potential clinical applications as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongze Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yixing Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yixing Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Maoye Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Taofeng Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yixing Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, China
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Li C, Wang N, Rao P, Wang L, Lu D, Sun L. Role of the microRNA-29 family in myocardial fibrosis. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:365-376. [PMID: 34047925 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is an inevitable pathological process in the terminal stage of many cardiovascular diseases, often leading to serious cardiac dysfunction and even death. Currently, microRNA-29 (miR-29) is thought to be a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target of MF. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of miR-29 that regulate MF will provide a new direction for MF therapy. In the present review, we concentrate on the underlying signaling pathway of miR-29 affecting MF and the crosstalk regulatory relationship among these pathways to illustrate the complex regulatory network of miR-29 in MF. Additionally, based on our mechanistic understanding, we summarize opportunities and challenges of miR-29-based MF diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyan Li
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Rao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Limeiting Wang
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Di Lu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China.
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Seo CH, Cui HS, Kim JB. Calpastatin-Mediated Inhibition of Calpain Ameliorates Skin Scar Formation after Burn Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115771. [PMID: 34071277 PMCID: PMC8199077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars, the most common complication of burn injuries, are characterized by excessive deposition of fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix proteins. Calpain, a calcium-dependent protease, is involved in the fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix production observed in certain fibrotic diseases. However, its role in the formation of post-burn hypertrophic skin scars remains largely unknown. Here, calpain expression and activity were assessed in skin fibroblasts obtained directly from patients with third-degree burns, who consequently developed post-burn hypertrophic scars. Furthermore, the antifibrotic effect of calpastatin, an endogenous calpain inhibitor, was evaluated in human fibroblasts and a murine burn model. The activity, mRNA levels, and protein levels of calpain were markedly higher in fibroblasts from the burn wounds of patients than in normal cells. Selective calpain inhibition by calpastatin markedly reduced not only the proliferation of burn-wound fibroblasts but also the mRNA and protein expression of calpain, transforming growth factor-beta 1, α-smooth muscle actin, type I and type III collagens, fibronectin, and vimentin in burn-wound fibroblasts. The anti-scarring effects of calpastatin were validated using a murine burn model by molecular, histological, and visual analyses. This study demonstrates the pathological role of calpain and the antifibrotic effect of calpastatin via calpain inhibition in post-burn hypertrophic scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheong Hoon Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 12 Beodeunaru-ro 7-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07247, Korea;
| | - Hui Song Cui
- Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 12 Beodeunaru-ro 7-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07247, Korea;
| | - June-Bum Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 12 Beodeunaru-ro 7-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07247, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2639-5200
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Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima hyperplasia after vascular injury via p-adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway. J Hypertens 2020; 37:2256-2268. [PMID: 31136458 PMCID: PMC6784764 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a crucial cause of vascular neointima hyperplasia and restenosis, thus limiting the long-term efficacy of percutaneous vascular intervention. We explored the role of wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1), a potent regulator of tumorigenesis and atherosclerosis, in VSMC proliferation and neointima hyperplasia. METHODS AND RESULTS Animal model of vascular restenosis was established in wild type C57BL/6J and VSMC-specific Tuberous Sclerosis 1 (TSC1)-knockdown mice by wire injury. We observed increased protein levels of Wip1, phospho (p)-S6 Ribosomal Protein (S6), p-4EBP1 but decreased p-adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α both in carotid artery at day 28 after injury and in VSMCs after 48 h of platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) treatment. By using hematoxylin-eosin staining, Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining, cell counting kit-8 assay and Ki-67 immunofluorescence staining, we found Wip1 antagonist GSK2830371 (GSK) or mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor rapamycin both obviously reversed the neointima formation and VSMC proliferation induced by wire injury and PDGF-BB, respectively. GSK also reversed the increase in mRNA level of Collagen I after wire injury. However, GSK had no obvious effects on VSMC migration induced by PDGF-BB. Simultaneously, TSC1 knockdown as well as AMPK inhibition by Compound C abolished the vascular protective and anti-proliferative effects of Wip1 inhibition. Additionally, suppression of AMPK also reversed the declined mTORC1 activity by GSK. CONCLUSION Wip1 promotes VSMC proliferation and neointima hyperplasia after wire injury via affecting AMPK/mTORC1 pathway.
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Wang X, Li D, Chen H, Wei X, Xu X. Expression of Long Noncoding RNA LIPCAR Promotes Cell Proliferation, Cell Migration, and Change in Phenotype of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7645-7651. [PMID: 31603865 PMCID: PMC6800467 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long noncoding RNA LIPCAR is a type of transcription product (>200 nucleotides long). Recent studies demonstrated that LIPCAR is a potential biomarker in cardiovascular disease and can predict survival in patients with cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the present study explored the role of LIPCAR in the regulation of proliferation, migration, and change in phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. Material/Methods Human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with 20 g/mL oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) or 20 ng/ml platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) for 24 h, then the expression levels of LIPCAR were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. LIPCAR-overexpressing plasmids were transfected into VSMCs. After transfection, cell proliferation and migration were measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays, respectively. The levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) a molecular marker of the contractile VSMC phenotype, were measured using Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Protein levels of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) were assessed by Western blot. The level of tissue factor (TF) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Treatment with PDGF-BB or ox-LDL significantly increased levels of LIPCAR in VSMCs. Overexpression of LIPCAR markedly promoted cell proliferation and migration. Further, upregulation of LIPCAR increased CDK2, p21, PCNA, MMP2, MMP9, VEGF-A, Ang-2, and TF expression and decreased p21 expression. In addition, LIPCAR significantly decreased α-SAM expression. Conclusions Together, our data suggest that overexpression of LIPCAR promotes cell proliferation, migration, and phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Dongbin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaogang Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangmei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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Geng XY, Xiao N, Han Y, Li YJ. Platelet Microparticles: A Tool to Predict Infarction Area in Rats. J INVEST SURG 2019; 34:64-69. [PMID: 31109212 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2019.1606369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Whether there is a quantitative correlation between platelet microparticles (PMPs)/calpain and infarction area is still unclear. Whether present antiplatelet agents can improve myocardial infarction by influencing PMPs need to be revealed. The object of our study was to answer those questions. Methods: Male Wistar rats were used for all studies. All rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operated group, myocardial infarction group (blank control group), aspirin intervention group, aspirin combined with clopidogrel intervention group, and aspirin combined with ticagrelor intervention group. Venous blood and hearts were collected at day 7 following MI. ELISA was applied to detect PMPs level. Infarction size was determined by TTC staining method. The comparisons of multiple means were tested with analysis of variance. And the two-two comparisons among the means were done by Student-Newman-Keuls and LSD method. Results: PMPs level and infarction area did not differ between aspirin combined with clopidogrel intervention group and aspirin combined with ticagrelor intervention group. However, significant differences were detected between any two other groups. PMPs were decreased more in dual antiplatelet intervention group. Pearson correlation analysis showed a strong correlation between PMPs and infarction area (r = 0.90) as well as calpain 10 and infarction area (r = 0.84). We created a regression model: y = 4.61 + 0.28*x (y: infarction area, x: PMPs) to assess myocardial infarction area by PMPs level. Conclusions: Antiplatelet agents may decrease infarction areas by modifying PMPs. There was a strong correlation between PMPs and infarction area. Therefore, PMPs could be used as a tool to assess infarction area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yong Geng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yong-Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Dai L, Zhou J, Li T, Qian Y, Jin L, Zhu C, Li S. STRIP2 silencing inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via P38-AKT-MMP-2 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22463-22476. [PMID: 31093976 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
STRIP2 (FAM40B) was reported to regulate tumor cell migration. Our study aims to discuss the effect of STRIP2 in mouse aortic smooth muscle cell (MOVAS) proliferation and migration processes, which contributes greatly to atherosclerosis formation. In MOVAS cells, STRIP2 depletion suppressed cell proliferation and migration, which were related to a remarkable decrease in matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2)/MMP-9 expression. Additionally, P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and Protein kinase B (AKT) are inactivated while extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) are activated upon STRIP2 silencing. SB203580 (P38 inhibitor) further reduced AKT phosphorylation (p-AKT) while dehydrocorydaline chloride (Dc; P38 activator) reversed this effect. Furthermore, Dc significantly recovered MMP-2 expression in STRIP2-knockdown cells. As expected, overexpressing STRIP2 exhibited a contrary effect. Dc and AKT activator SC79 reversed the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration induced by STRIP2 silencing. Interestingly, STRIP2 depletion increased vascular endothelial growth factor level significantly. Taken together, STRIP2 contributed to cell proliferation and migration through P38-AKT-MMP-2 signaling in MOVAS cells, indicating the importance of STRIP2 in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lai Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Bai P, Lyu L, Yu T, Zuo C, Fu J, He Y, Wan Q, Wan N, Jia D, Lyu A. Macrophage-Derived Legumain Promotes Pulmonary Hypertension by Activating the MMP (Matrix Metalloproteinase)-2/TGF (Transforming Growth Factor)-β1 Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:e130-e145. [PMID: 30676070 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Macrophages participate in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Lgmn (Legumain), a newly discovered cysteine proteinase belonging to the C13 peptidase family, is primarily expressed in macrophages; however, its roles in PAH remain unknown.
Approach and Results—
Herein, Lgmn was upregulated in lung tissues of PAH mice subjected to hypoxia plus SU5416 and PAH rats challenged with monocrotaline. Global Lgmn ablation and macrophage-specific ablation alleviated PAH compared with wild-type mice, evident from a reduction in right ventricular systolic pressure, the ratio of the right ventricular wall to the left ventricular wall plus the septum, the pulmonary vascular media thickness, and pulmonary vascular muscularization. Increased expression of ECM (extracellular matrix) proteins was correlated with MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-2 activation and TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 signaling in the PAs. Although Lgmn did not affect inflammatory cell infiltration and PA smooth muscle cell proliferation, it drove increased the synthesis of ECM proteins via MMP-2 activation. MMP-2 hydrolyzed the TGF-β1 precursor to the active form. An Lgmn-specific inhibitor markedly ameliorated PAH. Clinically, serum Lgmn levels were closely associated with the severity of idiopathic PAH.
Conclusions—
Our results indicate that Lgmn inhibition could be an effective strategy for preventing or delaying PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Bai
- From the Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital (P.B., N.W., A.L.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Luheng Lyu
- Biology Major, School of Arts and Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL (L.L.)
| | - Tingting Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital (T.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Caojian Zuo
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (C.Z., Q.W.)
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (J.F.)
| | - Yuhu He
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Y.H.)
| | - Qiangyou Wan
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (C.Z., Q.W.)
| | - Naifu Wan
- From the Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital (P.B., N.W., A.L.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Daile Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (D.J.)
| | - Ankang Lyu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital (P.B., N.W., A.L.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
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Wu DM, Deng SH, Liu T, Han R, Zhang T, Xu Y. TGF-β-mediated exosomal lnc-MMP2-2 regulates migration and invasion of lung cancer cells to the vasculature by promoting MMP2 expression. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5118-5129. [PMID: 30256540 PMCID: PMC6198203 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-mediated exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells; however, whether and how TGF-β-mediated exosomal long noncoding (lnc) RNAs regulate migration and invasion of lung cancer cells remains unclear. Here, coculture experiments showed that TGF-β pretreatment increased the migration and invasion potential of lung cancer cells and TGF-β pretreated A549 cells increases vascular permeability. Furthermore, we found that TGF-β-mediated exosomes, as carriers of intercellular communication, regulated lung cancer invasion, and vascular permeability. Transcriptional analysis also revealed that lnc-MMP2-2 was highly enriched in TGF-β-mediated exosomes and might function by increasing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 through its enhancer activity, with ectopic expression and silencing of lnc-MMP2-2 affecting lung cancer invasion and vascular permeability. Additionally, lnc-MMP2-2 and MMP2 expression was assessed semiquantitatively, and tissue-specific correlations between lnc-MMP2-2 and MMP2 expression were evaluated. These results suggested that exosomal lnc-MMP2-2 might regulate the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells into the vasculature by promoting MMP2 expression, suggesting this lncRNA as a novel therapeutic target and predictive marker of tumor metastasis in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ming Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Hua Deng
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Teng Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Han
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Chen HJ, Mo N, Zhang YF, Su GZ, Wu HD, Pei F. Role of Gene Polymorphisms/Haplotypes and Plasma Level of TGF-β1 in Susceptibility to In-Stent Restenosis Following Coronary Implantation of Bare Metal Stent in Chinese Han Patients. Int Heart J 2018; 59:161-169. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.17-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ni Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Gaozhou People's Hospital
| | | | - Guo-Zhu Su
- Department of Cardiology, Gaozhou People's Hospital
| | - Han-Dong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Fang Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Municipal Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces
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Miyazaki T, Miyazaki A. Defective Protein Catabolism in Atherosclerotic Vascular Inflammation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:79. [PMID: 29270409 PMCID: PMC5725411 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular inflammation in atheroprone vessels propagates throughout the arterial tree in dyslipidemic patients, thereby accelerating atherosclerotic progression. To elucidate the mechanism of vascular inflammation, most previous studies have focused on inflammation-related signals that are sent in response to vasoactive stimuli. However, it is also important to understand how normal blood vessels become defective and start degenerating. Growing evidence suggests that major protein catabolism pathways, including the ubiquitin-proteasome, autophagy, and calpain systems, are disturbed in atheroprone vessels and contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Indeed, dysregulation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathways results in the accumulation of defective proteins in blood vessels, leading to vascular endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis in affected cells. Impaired autophagy-lysosomal degradation affects smooth muscle cell transformation and proliferation, as well as endothelial integrity and phagocytic clearance of cellular corpses. Dysregulation of the calpain system confers proatherogenic properties to endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. In this review article, we will discuss the current information available on defective protein catabolism in atheroprone vessels and its potential interrelation with inflammation-related signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Inhibition of Starvation-Triggered Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in ARPE-19 Cells by Taurine through Modulating the Expression of Calpain-1 and Calpain-2. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102146. [PMID: 29036897 PMCID: PMC5666828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease with multiple initiators and pathways that converge on death for retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. In this study, effects of taurine on calpains, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells (a human RPE cell line) were investigated. We first confirmed that autophagy, ER stress and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells were induced by Earle’s balanced salt solution (EBSS) through starvation to induce RPE metabolic stress. Secondly, inhibition of ER stress by 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) alleviated autophagy and apoptosis, and suppression of autophagy by 3-methyl adenine (3-MA) reduced the cell apoptosis, but the ER stress was minimally affected. Thirdly, the apoptosis, ER stress and autophagy were inhibited by gene silencing of calpain-2 and overexpression of calpain-1, respectively. Finally, taurine suppressed both the changes of the important upstream regulators (calpain-1 and calpain-2) and the activation of ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis, and taurine had protective effects on the survival of ARPE-19 cells. Collectively, this data indicate that taurine inhibits starvation-triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells by modulating the expression of calpain-1 and calpain-2.
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13
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Miyazaki T, Miyazaki A. Dysregulation of Calpain Proteolytic Systems Underlies Degenerative Vascular Disorders. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 25:1-15. [PMID: 28819082 PMCID: PMC5770219 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, aneurysms, diabetic angiopathy/retinopathy as well as fibrotic and proliferative vascular diseases are generally complicated by the progression of degenerative insults, which are characterized by endothelial dysfunction, apoptotic/necrotic cell death in vascular/immune cells, remodeling of extracellular matrix or breakdown of elastic lamella. Increasing evidence suggests that dysfunctional calpain proteolytic systems and defective calpain protein metabolism in blood vessels contribute to degenerative disorders. In vascular endothelial cells, the overactivation of conventional calpains consisting of calpain-1 and -2 isozymes can lead to the disorganization of cell-cell junctions, dysfunction of nitric oxide synthase, sensitization of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription cascades and depletion of prostaglandin I2, which contributes to degenerative disorders. In addition to endothelial cell dysfunctions, calpain overactivation results in inflammatory insults in macrophages and excessive fibrogenic/proliferative signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, calpain-6, a non-proteolytic unconventional calpain, is involved in the conversion of macrophages to a pro-atherogenic phenotype, leading to the pinocytotic deposition of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the cells. Here, we discuss the recent progress that has been made in our understanding of how calpain contributes to degenerative vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Akira Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine
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