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Pietroluongo G, Tucciarone CM, Cecchinato M, Si H, Spadotto L, Danyer IA, Isuru H, Wijesundera K, Ekanayake L, Centelleghe C, Mazzariol S. Coinfection with Dolphin Morbillivirus (DMV) and Gammaherpesvirus in a Spinner Dolphin ( Stenella longirostris) Stranded in Sri Lanka. Viruses 2024; 16:1662. [PMID: 39599777 PMCID: PMC11598890 DOI: 10.3390/v16111662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Revised: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Following the X-Press Pearl maritime disaster off the coast of Sri Lanka, a stranded spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) was recovered, and the cause of death was investigated. Post-mortem examinations revealed evidence of by-catch, but a natural coinfection with dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) and gammaherpesvirus was detected by further analyses, marking the first documented case of a dual viral infection in this species within the region. Molecular diagnostics, including PCR and sequencing, were performed on tissue imprints collected on FTA® cards, confirming the presence of DMV in the prescapular lymph node and gammaherpesvirus in the lesions in the oral cavity. The concurrent detection of DMV and gammaherpesvirus raises significant concerns regarding the potential impacts of environmental stressors, such as chemical pollutants from the X-Press Pearl maritime disaster, on exacerbating susceptibility to viral infections in marine mammals. These findings highlight the need for ongoing surveillance of cetacean populations in the Indian Ocean to better understand pathogen circulation and health and conservation implications of anthropogenic activities on the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Pietroluongo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (H.S.); (I.A.D.)
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (H.S.); (I.A.D.)
| | - Haiyang Si
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (H.S.); (I.A.D.)
| | - Luca Spadotto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Işil Aytemiz Danyer
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (H.S.); (I.A.D.)
| | - Hewakottege Isuru
- Department of Wildlife Conservation, 811A, Jayanthipura, Battaramulla 10120, Sri Lanka
| | - Kavindra Wijesundera
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Getambe 20400, Sri Lanka;
| | | | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
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Groch KR, Taniwaki SA, Favero CM, Brandão PE, Díaz-Delgado J, Fernández A, Catão-Dias JL, Sierra E. A novel real-time PCR to detect Cetacean morbillivirus in Atlantic cetaceans. J Virol Methods 2020; 285:113964. [PMID: 32889003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV, family Paramyxoviridae) is a re-emergent pathogen associated with severe epizootic outbreaks causing high mortality among cetaceans worldwide. Recently, CeMV caused an unusual mortality event of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in Brazil. Partial sequence of the viral phosphoprotein (P) gene showed that the Guiana dolphin morbillivirus (GDMV) might represent a new lineage of CeMV. This study aimed to develop a molecular technique to detect the most common CeMV strains known to circulate in the Atlantic Ocean: GDMV, Dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) and Pilot-whale morbillivirus (PWMV). A sensible real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method based on intercalating dye, targeting the P gene was described. This assay successfully detected GDMV, PWMV and DMV from field samples. Its performance was compared to a RT-qPCR method that specifically detects GDMV. Both assays had high sensibility and excellent intra- and inter-assay reproducibility. A total of 109 field samples from 32 Guiana dolphins were screened for CeMV by conventional RT-PCR in parallel with the RT-qPCR assay. The detection rate increased from 32% to 60% by use of the novel RT-qPCR. The RT-qPCR assay described herein allows rapid and sensitive detection of Atlantic CeMV strains, and is potentially suitable for screening of CeMV globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia R Groch
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sueli Akemi Taniwaki
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada e Sorologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Maria Favero
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Brandão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada e Sorologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Josué Díaz-Delgado
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, 483 Agronomy Rd., College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Division of Histology and Animal Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eva Sierra
- Division of Histology and Animal Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Canary Islands, Spain
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Sacristán C, Catão-Dias JL, Ewbank AC, Ferreira-Machado E, Neves E, Santos-Neto EB, Azevedo A, Laison-Brito J, De Castilho PV, Daura-Jorge FG, Simões-Lopes PC, Carballo M, García-Párraga D, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM, Esperón F. Novel and highly sensitive SYBR® Green real-time pcr for poxvirus detection in odontocete cetaceans. J Virol Methods 2018; 259:45-49. [PMID: 29890240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Poxviruses are emerging pathogens in cetaceans, temporarily named 'Cetaceanpoxvirus' (CePV, family Poxviridae), classified into two main lineages: CePV-1 in odontocetes and CePV-2 in mysticetes. Only a few studies performed the molecular detection of CePVs, based on DNA-polymerase gene and/or DNA-topoisomerase I gene amplification. Herein we describe a new real-time PCR assay based on SYBR® Green and a new primer set to detect a 150 bp fragment of CePV DNA-polymerase gene, also effective for conventional PCR detection. The novel real-time PCR was able to detect 5 up to 5 × 106 copies per reaction of a cloned positive control. Both novel PCR methods were 1000 to 100,000-fold more sensitive than those previously described in the literature. Samples of characteristic poxvirus skin lesions ('tattoo') from one Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus), two striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) and two Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) were all positive to both our novel real time- and conventional PCR methods, even though three of these animals (a Risso's dolphin, a striped dolphin, and a Guiana dolphin) were previously negative to the conventional PCRs previously available. To our knowledge, this is the first real-time PCR detection method for Cetaceanpoxvirus, a much more sensitive tool for the detection of CePV-1 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sacristán
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens - LAPCOM, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil; Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Ctra Algete el Casar s/n, Valdeolmos, Madrid, 28130, Spain.
| | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens - LAPCOM, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Ewbank
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens - LAPCOM, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Ferreira-Machado
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens - LAPCOM, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil.
| | - Elena Neves
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Ctra Algete el Casar s/n, Valdeolmos, Madrid, 28130, Spain.
| | - Elitieri Batista Santos-Neto
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa Izabel M. G. do N. Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade De Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Azevedo
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa Izabel M. G. do N. Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade De Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - José Laison-Brito
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa Izabel M. G. do N. Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade De Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Volkmer De Castilho
- Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Bairro Progresso 88, Laguna, 790-000, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Gonçalves Daura-Jorge
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, s/n. Trindade 88040-970, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Paulo César Simões-Lopes
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, s/n. Trindade 88040-970, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Matilde Carballo
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Ctra Algete el Casar s/n, Valdeolmos, Madrid, 28130, Spain.
| | - Daniel García-Párraga
- Veterinary Services, Fundación Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de Las Artes y las Ciencias, C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 1B 46013, Valencia, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno
- VISAVET Center and Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Fernando Esperón
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Ctra Algete el Casar s/n, Valdeolmos, Madrid, 28130, Spain.
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Detection of morbillivirus infection by RT-PCR RFLP analysis in cetaceans and carnivores. J Virol Methods 2017; 247:22-27. [PMID: 28528278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Morbillivirus genus comprises several members related to specific hosts, such as canine distemper virus (CDV) and cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) in which the dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) is included. Both CDV and DMV are able to cause serious outbreak associated with high morbidity and mortality representing an important conservation threat for terrestrial and aquatic mammalian species. This paper describes a new RT-PCR RFLP technique based on a RT-PCR with degenerate primers targeting a 287 bp fragment located on the conserved N terminus of the morbillivirus NP gene, followed by MseI RFLP, in order both to confirm the detection of the virus and to distinguish DMV from CDV. Both carnivores and cetaceans tissues (brain, lung and lymph node) presenting evidence of morbillivirus infection (MI) were analyzed. RT-PCR positive samples were typed by RFLP analysis and then sequenced to confirm the RFLP results. This method was applied during the last morbillivirus cetacean die-off occurred in the Mediterranean basin in 2013, when there was the urgent need of a rapid and economic method to investigate among causes of death on stranded cetaceans. This new technique has proved to be a valuable, reliable, simple and relatively inexpensive diagnostic tool easily applicable also in limited-resource laboratories.
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