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van der Heide FCT, Steens ILM, Limmen B, Mokhtar S, van Boxtel MPJ, Schram MT, Köhler S, Kroon AA, van der Kallen CJH, Dagnelie PC, van Dongen MCJM, Eussen SJPM, Berendschot TTJM, Webers CAB, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Koster A, van Sloten TT, Jansen JFA, Backes WH, Stehouwer CDA. Thinner inner retinal layers are associated with lower cognitive performance, lower brain volume, and altered white matter network structure-The Maastricht Study. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:316-329. [PMID: 37611119 PMCID: PMC10917009 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The retina may provide non-invasive, scalable biomarkers for monitoring cerebral neurodegeneration. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from The Maastricht study (n = 3436; mean age 59.3 years; 48% men; and 21% with type 2 diabetes [the latter oversampled by design]). We evaluated associations of retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, and inner plexiform layer thicknesses with cognitive performance and magnetic resonance imaging indices (global grey and white matter volume, hippocampal volume, whole brain node degree, global efficiency, clustering coefficient, and local efficiency). RESULTS After adjustment, lower thicknesses of most inner retinal layers were significantly associated with worse cognitive performance, lower grey and white matter volume, lower hippocampal volume, and worse brain white matter network structure assessed from lower whole brain node degree, lower global efficiency, higher clustering coefficient, and higher local efficiency. DISCUSSION The retina may provide biomarkers that are informative of cerebral neurodegenerative changes in the pathobiology of dementia.
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Grants
- 31O.041 OP-Zuid, the Province of Limburg, the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs
- Stichting De Weijerhorst (Maastricht, the Netherlands), the Pearl String Initiative Diabetes (Amsterdam, the Netherlands), the Cardiovascular Center (CVC, Maastricht, the Netherlands), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (Maastricht, the Netherlands), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care (Maastricht, the Netherlands), NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (Maastricht, the Netherlands), Stichting Annadal (Maastricht, the Netherlands), Health Foundation Limburg (Maastricht, the Netherlands), Perimed (Järfälla, Sweden), and by unrestricted grants from Janssen-Cilag B.V. (Tilburg, the Netherlands), Novo Nordisk Farma B.V. (Alphen aan den Rijn, the Netherlands), and Sanofi-Aventis Netherlands B.V. (Gouda, the Netherlands)
- 916.19.074 VENI research
- 2018T025 Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research and the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, and a Dutch Heart Foundation research
- 2021.81.004 Diabetes Fonds Fellowship
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Wang R, Kwapong WR, Tao W, Cao L, Ye C, Liu J, Zhang S, Wu B. Association of retinal thickness and microvasculature with cognitive performance and brain volumes in elderly adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1010548. [PMID: 36466601 PMCID: PMC9709407 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1010548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal structural and microvascular changes can be visualized and have been linked with cognitive decline and brain changes in cerebral age-related disorders. We investigated the association between retinal structural and microvascular changes with cognitive performance and brain volumes in elderly adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and a battery of neuropsychological examinations. Macula retinal thicknesses (retinal nerve fiber layer, mRNFL, and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer, GCIPL) were imaged and measured with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) while Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) imaged and measured the superficial vascular complex (SVC) and deep vascular complex (DVC) of the retina. RESULTS Out of the 135 participants, 91 (67.41%) were females and none had dementia. After adjusting for risk factors, Shape Trail Test (STT)-A correlated with SVC (P < 0.001), DVC (P = 0.015) and mRNFL (P = 0.013) while STT-B correlated with SVC (P = 0.020) and GCIPL (P = 0.015). mRNFL thickness correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (P = 0.007) and Stroop A (P = 0.030). After adjusting for risk factors and total intracranial volume, SVC correlated with hippocampal volume (P < 0.001). Hippocampal volume correlated (P < 0.05) with most cognitive measures. Stroop B (P < 0.001) and Stroop C (P = 0.020) correlated with white matter volume while Stroop measures and STT-A correlated with gray matter volume (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the retinal structure and microvasculature can be useful pointers for cognitive performance, giving a choice for early discovery of decline in cognition and potential early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Wendan Tao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Le Cao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Dyer KIC, Sanfilippo PG, Yazar S, Craig JE, Hewitt AW, Newnham JP, Mackey DA, Lee SSY. The Relationship Between Fetal Growth and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in a Cohort of Young Adults. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:8. [PMID: 35819290 PMCID: PMC9287618 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.7.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore relationships between patterns of fetal anthropometric growth, as reflective of fetal wellbeing, and global retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured in young adulthood. Methods Participants (n = 481) from within a Western Australian pregnancy cohort study underwent five serial ultrasound scans during gestation, with fetal biometry measured at each scan. Optic disc parameters were measured via spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging at a 20-year follow-up eye examination. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate differences in global RNFL thickness between groups of participants who had undergone similar growth trajectories based on fetal head circumference (FHC), abdominal circumference (FAC), femur length (FFL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Results Participants with consistently large FHCs throughout gestation had significantly thicker global RNFLs than those with any other pattern of FHC growth (P = 0.023), even after adjustment for potential confounders (P = 0.037). Based on model fit statistics, FHC growth trajectory was a better predictor of global RNFL thickness than birth weight or head circumference at birth. RNFL thickness did not vary significantly between groups of participants with different growth trajectories based on FAC, FFL, or EFW. Conclusions FHC growth is associated with RNFL thickness in young adulthood and, moreover, is a better predictor than either birth weight or head circumference at birth. Translational Relevance This research demonstrates an association between intrauterine growth and long-term optic nerve health, providing a basis for further exploring the extent of the influence of fetal wellbeing on clinical conditions linked to RNFL thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen I C Dyer
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Paul G Sanfilippo
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Single Cell and Computational Genomics Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Eye and Vision, Flinders Health and Medical Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - John P Newnham
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Samantha S Y Lee
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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van der Heide FCT, van Sloten TT, Willekens N, Stehouwer CDA. Neurovascular coupling unit dysfunction and dementia: Retinal measurements as tools to move towards population-based evidence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1014287. [PMID: 36506058 PMCID: PMC9727310 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1014287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the neurovascular coupling unit may be an important contributor to dementia. The neurovascular coupling unit comprises neuronal structures (e.g. astrocytes) and vascular structures (e.g. endothelial cells) that functionally interact both at the level of the arterioles as well as at the capillary level (blood-brain barrier) to regulate optimal metabolic conditions in the brain. However, it remains unclear how and to what extent dysfunction of the neurovascular coupling unit contributes to the early-stage pathobiology of dementia. Currently, limited data are available on the association between neurovascular coupling unit dysfunction, as quantified by cerebral imaging techniques, and cognitive performance. In particular, there is a lack of population-based human data (defined as studies with a sample size ~n>500). This is an important limitation because population-based studies, in comparison with smaller clinical studies, provide data which is better representative of the general population; are less susceptible to selection bias; and have a larger statistical power to detect small associations. To acquire population-based data, however, alternative imaging techniques than cerebral imaging techniques may be required. Disadvantages of cerebral imaging techniques, which limit use in population-based studies, are that these techniques are relatively expensive, time-consuming, and/or invasive. In this review, we propose that retinal imaging techniques can be used for population-based studies: on the one hand the retina and brain have many anatomical and physiological similarities; and on the other hand retinal imaging techniques are non-invasive, highly accurate, relatively inexpensive, and require relatively short measurement time. To provide support for this concept, we provide an overview on the human (population-based) evidence on the associations of retinal indices of neurodegeneration, microvascular dysfunction, and dysfunction of the neurovascular coupling unit with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of structural brain abnormalities and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C. T. van der Heide
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, MUMC+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, MUMC+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Frank C. T. van der Heide,
| | - Thomas T. van Sloten
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nele Willekens
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Coen D. A. Stehouwer
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
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Pitkänen J, Veijola J, Barnett J, Liinamaa J, Saarela V. Optic Nerve Parameters and Cognitive Function in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort Eye Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2021; 29:189-197. [PMID: 33877002 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1910317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The optic nerve head (ONH) is a part of the brain that can be easily studied through the transparent medium of the eye. We explored the relationship between the properties of the optic nerve head, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and cognitive function. METHODS Participants of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC) 1966 underwent an ophthalmic and cognitive assessment after randomization at age 46. The ophthalmological parameters obtained were the disc area and the neuroretinal rim volume of the ONH and the average RNFL thickness. The surrogates used for cognitive function were the paired associates learning test (PAL), level of education, grade point average (GPA) and Humphrey 24-2 perimetric test time (HFA). We did exploratory research between the ophthalmological parameters and the surrogates for cognition and the correlations between the surrogates for cognition. RESULTS We found that a larger disc area was associated with a higher level of education, faster accomplishment of the HFA (R = -0.065) but a lower GPA (R = -0.084). An increase in neuroretinal rim volume was associated with fewer errors in the PAL test (R = -0.056), higher level of education, higher GPA (R = 0.072) and faster accomplishment of the HFA (R = -0.047). A thicker RNFL was associated with faster accomplishment of the HFA (R = -0.047). CONCLUSION We were able to find statistically significant associations between the parameters of the optic nerve head, the RNFL and cognition in the NFBC Eye study. However, the correlations were negligible at best and of limited predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Pitkänen
- Department of Ophthalmology, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jennifer Barnett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johanna Liinamaa
- Department of Ophthalmology, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville Saarela
- Department of Ophthalmology, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Ward DD, Mauschitz MM, Bönniger MM, Merten N, Finger RP, Breteler MMB. Association of retinal layer measurements and adult cognitive function: A population-based study. Neurology 2020; 95:e1144-e1152. [PMID: 32586900 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the associations of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL) volume with cognitive functioning and to investigate how demographic and vascular health factors affect these associations in a population-based sample of adults. METHODS The sample included the first 3,000 participants (age range 30-95 years) of the Rhineland Study (recruited from March 2016 to December 2018) who underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and cognitive assessment at 1 of 2 identical study centers in Bonn, Germany. We used multiple linear regression models to examine the relationships between retinal layer measurements and cognitive functioning after adjustment for confounders, and we examined the moderating effects of demographic and vascular health factors. RESULTS The analytical sample included 2,483 participants who were 54.3 years old (SD 13.8 years) on average. After full adjustment, each 1-SD decrease in mGCL volume was associated with a greater decrease in global function than that of pRNFL thickness (β = -0.048 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.077 to -0.018] vs β = -0.021 [95% CI -0.049 to 0.007]). These relationships increased in strength with advancing age, were stronger in participants with hypertension, and were reversed in current smokers relative to nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS mGCL volume is more strongly related to adult cognitive functioning than pRNFL thickness, making it a better potential biomarker of neurodegeneration. Age and vascular health factors play important roles in determining the strength and direction of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Ward
- From Population Health Sciences (D.D.W., M.M.M., M.M.B., N.M., M.M.B.B.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Department of Ophthalmology (M.M.M., R.P.F.) and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (M.M.B.B.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany; and Department of Population Health Sciences (N.M.), School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Matthias M Mauschitz
- From Population Health Sciences (D.D.W., M.M.M., M.M.B., N.M., M.M.B.B.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Department of Ophthalmology (M.M.M., R.P.F.) and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (M.M.B.B.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany; and Department of Population Health Sciences (N.M.), School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Meta M Bönniger
- From Population Health Sciences (D.D.W., M.M.M., M.M.B., N.M., M.M.B.B.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Department of Ophthalmology (M.M.M., R.P.F.) and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (M.M.B.B.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany; and Department of Population Health Sciences (N.M.), School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Natascha Merten
- From Population Health Sciences (D.D.W., M.M.M., M.M.B., N.M., M.M.B.B.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Department of Ophthalmology (M.M.M., R.P.F.) and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (M.M.B.B.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany; and Department of Population Health Sciences (N.M.), School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Robert P Finger
- From Population Health Sciences (D.D.W., M.M.M., M.M.B., N.M., M.M.B.B.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Department of Ophthalmology (M.M.M., R.P.F.) and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (M.M.B.B.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany; and Department of Population Health Sciences (N.M.), School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- From Population Health Sciences (D.D.W., M.M.M., M.M.B., N.M., M.M.B.B.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Department of Ophthalmology (M.M.M., R.P.F.) and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (M.M.B.B.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany; and Department of Population Health Sciences (N.M.), School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
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Hwang S, Kong M, Ko H, Ham DI, Song YM. Genetic influence on macular retinal nerve fibre layer thickness according to retinal subfield. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 104:1448-1452. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background/aimCharacterising genetic effect on macular retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) is needed to obtain better understanding of various retinopathies and optic neuropathies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate genetic influence on macular RNFL thickness.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional, twin and family study. Three hundred and sixty-two Korean adults with healthy eyes were included in the study from 79 households with two or more family members. Macular RNFL thickness was measured with optical coherence tomography at nine macular subfields defined by the ETDRS. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were estimated to assess intrafamilial resemblance of RNFL thickness by different types of family relationship. Heritability of RNFL thickness was evaluated using variance decomposition model.ResultsRNFL thickness increased from central subfield to outer subfields. Temporal quadrant RNFL was thinner compared with other quadrants. Monozygotic twin pairs showed the highest ICCs of RNFL thickness, although the ICC level varied across different subfields. Heritability of RNFL thickness was the highest at central subfield (0.81). RNFL thicknesses of outer subfields were moderately to highly heritable: 0.53, 0.71, 0.47 and 0.66 for superior, inferior, temporal and nasal fields, respectively. RNFL thicknesses at inner subfields showed the lowest heritability: 0.21, 0.24, 0.27 and 0.27 for superior, inferior, temporal and nasal subfields, respectively.ConclusionMacular RNFL thickness is significantly influenced by genetic factors. It varies largely by subfields with the highest heritability at the central subfield and a relatively lower heritability at inner subfields.
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Wright PH, Mahroo OA, Hammond CJ. Re: Lee et al.: Longitudinal changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in high myopia: a prospective, observational study (Ophthalmology. 2019;126:522-528). Ophthalmology 2019; 127:e9-e10. [PMID: 31864485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip H Wright
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, UK; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Omar A Mahroo
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, UK; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, UK; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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Asefa NG, Neustaeter A, Jansonius NM, Snieder H. Heritability of glaucoma and glaucoma-related endophenotypes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Surv Ophthalmol 2019; 64:835-851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Jones AR, Robbs CM, Edwards CG, Walk AM, Thompson SV, Reeser GE, Holscher HD, Khan NA. Retinal Morphometric Markers of Crystallized and Fluid Intelligence Among Adults With Overweight and Obesity. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2650. [PMID: 30622502 PMCID: PMC6309102 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between retinal morphometric measures and intellectual abilities among adults with overweight and obesity. Methods: Adults between 25 and 45 years (N = 55, 38 females) with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) underwent an optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan to assess retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) volume, ganglion cell layer (GCL) volume, macular volume, and central foveal thickness. Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess whole-body adiposity (% Fat). The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2 was used to assess general intelligence (IQ), fluid, and crystallized intelligence. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to examine relationships between adiposity and intelligence measures following adjustment of relevant demographic characteristics and degree of adiposity (i.e., % Fat). Results: Although initial bivariate correlations indicated that % Fat was inversely related to fluid intelligence, this relationship was mitigated by inclusion of other demographic factors, including age, sex, and education level. Regression analyses for primary outcomes revealed that RNFL was positively related to IQ and fluid intelligence. However, only GCL was positively related to crystallized intelligence. Conclusion: This work provides novel data linking specific retinal morphometric measures - assessed using OCT - to intellectual abilities among adults with overweight and obesity. Clinical Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02740439.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R. Jones
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Connor M. Robbs
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Caitlyn G. Edwards
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Anne M. Walk
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Sharon V. Thompson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Ginger E. Reeser
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Hannah D. Holscher
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Naiman A. Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Chen CY, Huang EJC, Kuo CN, Wu PL, Chen CL, Wu PC, Wu SH, King YC, Lai CH. The relationship between age, axial length and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the normal elderly population in Taiwan: The Chiayi eye study in Taiwan. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29522558 PMCID: PMC5844564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To interpret how the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) changes with increasing age, axial length, or anterior chamber depth as measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the normal elderly population in Taiwan. METHODS A total of 82 volunteers (143 eyes) were enrolled. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the correlation. RESULTS The RNFL was significantly thinner in the superonasal (p = 0.004), inferotemporal (p = 0.046), and temporolower (p = 0.009) segments with age. The same trend was also observed in the superotemporal (p = 0.330) segment, although it was not statistically significant. The global RNFL thickness decreased by 4.97 μm per decade (β = -0.497; p = 0.021), and thinning was significant in the superonasal (-9.90 μm per decade, p < 0.001) and temporolower (-6.78 μm per decade, p < 0.001) segments; the same trend showed borderline significance in the superotemporal (-6.96 μm per decade, p = 0.073) and inferotemporal (-7.23 μm per decade, p = 0.059) segments. In eyes with longer axial length, the RNFLs significantly decreased in the non-temporal segments. Global RNFL thickness decreased by 3.086 μm for each additional millimeter of axial length (β = -3.086; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Changes in RNFL thickness were correlated with age in the superonasal, superotemporal, inferotemporal, and temporolower segments, and were correlated with axial length in the non-temporal segments. Anterior chamber depth was not correlated with RNFL thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau-Yin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Evelyn Jou-Chen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Neng Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lun Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lung Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Hua Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chi King
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiung Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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