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Ma Y, Li Y, Shao F, Lu Y, Meng W, Rogers KM, Sun D, Wu H, Peng X. Advancing Stable Isotope Analysis for Alcoholic Beverages' Authenticity: Novel Approaches in Fraud Detection and Traceability. Foods 2025; 14:943. [PMID: 40231950 PMCID: PMC11941174 DOI: 10.3390/foods14060943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2025] [Revised: 02/27/2025] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic beverages have been popular for thousands of years due to their unique flavors and cultural significance. However, the industry's high profit margins have led to increasingly sophisticated counterfeiting practices. Stable isotope analysis has emerged as one of the most promising techniques for addressing authenticity and traceability challenges in alcoholic beverages. Scope and approach: This review presents a comprehensive summary of the principles and recent advancements in the application of stable isotope techniques for authenticity assessment. It examines their use in detecting fraud (e.g., identifying edible alcohol, exogenous water, carbonylation, and trace compounds), vintage identification, and geographical origin determination across various alcoholic beverages, with a particular focus on wine, Chinese baijiu, and beer. CONCLUSIONS Stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool for verifying the authenticity of alcoholic beverages, offering effective solutions to combat counterfeiting, mislabeling, and adulteration. Future studies should focus on understanding the ecological, biological, and hydrometeorological factors influencing isotope signatures and develop advanced multi-isotope and chemometric approaches to improve reliability. Expanding global databases and integrating emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning will further enhance the effectiveness and accessibility of stable isotope techniques, ensuring safer and higher-quality alcoholic beverages for consumers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Ma
- Guizhou Institute of Products Quality Inspection & Testing, Guiyang 550016, China; (Y.M.); (F.S.); (Y.L.); (W.M.); (X.P.)
| | - Yalan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Feilong Shao
- Guizhou Institute of Products Quality Inspection & Testing, Guiyang 550016, China; (Y.M.); (F.S.); (Y.L.); (W.M.); (X.P.)
| | - Yuanyu Lu
- Guizhou Institute of Products Quality Inspection & Testing, Guiyang 550016, China; (Y.M.); (F.S.); (Y.L.); (W.M.); (X.P.)
| | - Wangni Meng
- Guizhou Institute of Products Quality Inspection & Testing, Guiyang 550016, China; (Y.M.); (F.S.); (Y.L.); (W.M.); (X.P.)
| | - Karyne M. Rogers
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand;
| | - Di Sun
- Guizhou Institute of Products Quality Inspection & Testing, Guiyang 550016, China; (Y.M.); (F.S.); (Y.L.); (W.M.); (X.P.)
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Xiaodong Peng
- Guizhou Institute of Products Quality Inspection & Testing, Guiyang 550016, China; (Y.M.); (F.S.); (Y.L.); (W.M.); (X.P.)
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Accuracy Improvement of the 14C Method Applied in Biomass and Coal Co-Firing Power Stations. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9060994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14C method is an approach used to determine the proportion of carbon derived from biomass and fossil fuel in the co-fired flue gas. Its accuracy is mainly limited by the deviations between the applied biomass fuels’ 14C activity reference value and virtual value. To enrich the theoretical basis of the 14C method when applied to a Chinese biomass and coal co-firing power station, this study performed field sampling experiments and established a new evaluation method based on domestic literature. Unlike previous studies, this study revealed that the 14C activity of biomass far away from fossil carbon sources was 0.7–1.3 pMC lower than the local atmosphere. The 14C activity laws between tree rings and barks, specifically between eucalyptus bark and poplar bark were different, due to different growth models and different bark regeneration cycles, respectively. According to the test results and renewal conclusions, this study proposed a reasonable idea for constructing the prediction equation of referential biomass fuels’ 14C activity. Following this equation, the biomass fuels’ 14C activities of biomass direct-fired power stations at different Chinese cities were obtained.
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Hou Y, Zhou W, Cheng P, Xiong X, Du H, Niu Z, Yu X, Fu Y, Lu X. 14C-AMS measurements in modern tree rings to trace local fossil fuel-derived CO 2 in the greater Xi'an area, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136669. [PMID: 32023512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fossil fuel-derived CO2 (CO2ff) time series are critical to understanding urban carbon emissions, and to devise strategies to mitigate emission reduction. Using tree ring 14C archives, we reconstruct an historical CO2ff time series from 1991 to 2015 in the greater Xi'an region, China. CO2ff concentrations from the urban sites reached 22.5 ppm, with an average of 14.0 ppm, while average values from rural and mountain sites averaged about 6.0 ppm. These values provide a good measure of the distribution of anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the region. We also observed CO2ff concentration increases from both urban and rural sites during the study period, with more significant increases among urban sites. The persistent rise in CO2ff was attributed to increasing energy consumption caused by regional socio-economic development, which are corroborated by strong correlations between CO2ff and socioeconomic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Open Studio for Oceanic-Continental Climate and Environment Changes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Peng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaohu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhenchuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yunchong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China
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