1
|
Xiao Z, Lo Conte R, Chen C, Liang CY, Sepulveda A, Bokor J, Carman GP, Candler RN. Bi-directional coupling in strain-mediated multiferroic heterostructures with magnetic domains and domain wall motion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5207. [PMID: 29581531 PMCID: PMC5913354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain-coupled multiferroic heterostructures provide a path to energy-efficient, voltage-controlled magnetic nanoscale devices, a region where current-based methods of magnetic control suffer from Ohmic dissipation. Growing interest in highly magnetoelastic materials, such as Terfenol-D, prompts a more accurate understanding of their magnetization behavior. To address this need, we simulate the strain-induced magnetization change with two modeling methods: the commonly used unidirectional model and the recently developed bidirectional model. Unidirectional models account for magnetoelastic effects only, while bidirectional models account for both magnetoelastic and magnetostrictive effects. We found unidirectional models are on par with bidirectional models when describing the magnetic behavior in weakly magnetoelastic materials (e.g., Nickel), but the two models deviate when highly magnetoelastic materials (e.g., Terfenol-D) are introduced. These results suggest that magnetostrictive feedback is critical for modeling highly magnetoelastic materials, as opposed to weaker magnetoelastic materials, where we observe only minor differences between the two methods' outputs. To our best knowledge, this work represents the first comparison of unidirectional and bidirectional modeling in composite multiferroic systems, demonstrating that back-coupling of magnetization to strain can inhibit formation and rotation of magnetic states, highlighting the need to revisit the assumption that unidirectional modeling always captures the necessary physics in strain-mediated multiferroics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyun Xiao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Roberto Lo Conte
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Cai Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Cheng-Yen Liang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Abdon Sepulveda
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bokor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Gregory P Carman
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Robert N Candler
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|