1
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Fan R, Aranko AS. Catcher/Tag Toolbox: Biomolecular Click-Reactions For Protein Engineering Beyond Genetics. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300600. [PMID: 37851860 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating protein architectures beyond genetic control has attracted widespread attention. Catcher/Tag systems enable highly specific conjugation of proteins in vivo and in vitro via an isopeptide-bond. They provide efficient, robust, and irreversible strategies for protein conjugation and are simple yet powerful tools for a variety of applications in enzyme industry, vaccines, biomaterials, and cellular applications. Here we summarize recent development of the Catcher/Tag toolbox with a particular emphasis on the design of Catcher/Tag pairs targeted for specific applications. We cover the current limitations of the Catcher/Tag systems and discuss the pH sensitivity of the reactions. Finally, we conclude some of the future directions in the development of this versatile protein conjugation method and envision that improved control over inducing the ligation reaction will further broaden the range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxia Fan
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - A Sesilja Aranko
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 02150, Espoo, Finland
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2
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Canon L, Kikuti C, Planelles-Herrero VJ, Lin T, Mayeux F, Sirkia H, Lee YI, Heidsieck L, Velikovsky L, David A, Liu X, Moussaoui D, Forest E, Höök P, Petersen KJ, Morgan TE, Di Cicco A, Sirés-Campos J, Derivery E, Lévy D, Delevoye C, Sweeney HL, Houdusse A. How myosin VI traps its off-state, is activated and dimerizes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6732. [PMID: 37872146 PMCID: PMC10593786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin VI (Myo6) is the only minus-end directed nanomotor on actin, allowing it to uniquely contribute to numerous cellular functions. As for other nanomotors, the proper functioning of Myo6 relies on precise spatiotemporal control of motor activity via a poorly defined off-state and interactions with partners. Our structural, functional, and cellular studies reveal key features of myosin regulation and indicate that not all partners can activate Myo6. TOM1 and Dab2 cannot bind the off-state, while GIPC1 binds Myo6, releases its auto-inhibition and triggers proximal dimerization. Myo6 partners thus differentially recruit Myo6. We solved a crystal structure of the proximal dimerization domain, and show that its disruption compromises endocytosis in HeLa cells, emphasizing the importance of Myo6 dimerization. Finally, we show that the L926Q deafness mutation disrupts Myo6 auto-inhibition and indirectly impairs proximal dimerization. Our study thus demonstrates the importance of partners in the control of Myo6 auto-inhibition, localization, and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Canon
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Carlos Kikuti
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Vicente J Planelles-Herrero
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Tianming Lin
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0267, USA
| | - Franck Mayeux
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Helena Sirkia
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Young Il Lee
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0267, USA
| | - Leila Heidsieck
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Léonid Velikovsky
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Amandine David
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0267, USA
| | - Dihia Moussaoui
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Emma Forest
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
- École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 240 Avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Peter Höök
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0267, USA
| | - Karl J Petersen
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | | | - Aurélie Di Cicco
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Julia Sirés-Campos
- Structure et Compartimentation Membranaire, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | | | - Daniel Lévy
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Structure et Compartimentation Membranaire, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - H Lee Sweeney
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0267, USA.
| | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France.
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3
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Watson JL, Krüger LK, Ben-Sasson AJ, Bittleston A, Shahbazi MN, Planelles-Herrero VJ, Chambers JE, Manton JD, Baker D, Derivery E. Synthetic Par polarity induces cytoskeleton asymmetry in unpolarized mammalian cells. Cell 2023; 186:4710-4727.e35. [PMID: 37774705 PMCID: PMC10765089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Polarized cells rely on a polarized cytoskeleton to function. Yet, how cortical polarity cues induce cytoskeleton polarization remains elusive. Here, we capitalized on recently established designed 2D protein arrays to ectopically engineer cortical polarity of virtually any protein of interest during mitosis in various cell types. This enables direct manipulation of polarity signaling and the identification of the cortical cues sufficient for cytoskeleton polarization. Using this assay, we dissected the logic of the Par complex pathway, a key regulator of cytoskeleton polarity during asymmetric cell division. We show that cortical clustering of any Par complex subunit is sufficient to trigger complex assembly and that the primary kinetic barrier to complex assembly is the relief of Par6 autoinhibition. Further, we found that inducing cortical Par complex polarity induces two hallmarks of asymmetric cell division in unpolarized mammalian cells: spindle orientation, occurring via Par3, and central spindle asymmetry, depending on aPKC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Watson
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lara K Krüger
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ariel J Ben-Sasson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alice Bittleston
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marta N Shahbazi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Joseph E Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge, UK
| | - James D Manton
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Emmanuel Derivery
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK.
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4
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Jia M, Luo Z, Chen H, Ma B, Qiao L, Xiao Q, Zhang P, Wang A. Programmable Polyproteams of Tyrosine Ammonia Lyases as Cross-Linked Enzymes for Synthesizing p-Coumaric Acid. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070997. [PMID: 35883553 PMCID: PMC9313006 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ideal immobilization with enhanced biocatalyst activity and thermostability enables natural enzymes to serve as a powerful tool to yield synthetically useful chemicals in industry. Such an enzymatic method strategy becomes easier and more convenient with the use of genetic and protein engineering. Here, we developed a covalent programmable polyproteam of tyrosine ammonia lyases (TAL-CLEs) by fusing SpyTag and SpyCatcher peptides into the N-terminal and C-terminal of the TAL, respectively. The resulting circular enzymes were clear after the spontaneous isopeptide bonds formed between the SpyTag and SpyCatcher. Furthermore, the catalytic performance of the TAL-CLEs was measured via a synthesis sample of p-Coumaric acid. Our TAL-CLEs showed excellent catalytic efficiency, with 98.31 ± 1.14% yield of the target product—which is 4.15 ± 0.08 times higher than that of traditional glutaraldehyde-mediated enzyme aggregates. They also showed over four times as much enzyme-activity as wild-type TAL does and demonstrated good reusability, and so may become a good candidate for industrial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Qiao
- Correspondence: (L.Q.); (A.W.)
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5
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Cox N, Charlier C, Vijayaraj R, De La Mare M, Barbe S, André I, Lippens G, Montanier CY. The covalent complex of Jo-In results from a long-lived, non-covalent intermediate state with near-native structure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 589:223-228. [PMID: 34929445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Covalent protein complexes have been used to assemble enzymes in large scaffolds for biotechnology purposes. Although the catalytic mechanism of the covalent linking of such proteins is well known, the recognition and overall structural mechanisms driving the association are far less understood but could help further functional engineering of these complexes. Here, we study the Jo-In complex by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling. We characterize a transient non-covalent complex, with structural elements close to those in the final covalent complex. Using site specific mutagenesis, we further show that this non-covalent association is essential for the covalent complex to form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Cox
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Cyril Charlier
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Ramadoss Vijayaraj
- Toulouse White Biotechnology, UMS INRA 1337, UMS CNRS 3582, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion De La Mare
- Toulouse White Biotechnology, UMS INRA 1337, UMS CNRS 3582, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Barbe
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Guy Lippens
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077, Toulouse, France.
| | - Cédric Y Montanier
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077, Toulouse, France.
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6
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Badruna L, Burlat V, Roblin P, Enjalbert T, Lippens G, Venditto I, O'Donohue MJ, Montanier CY. The Jo-In protein welding system is a relevant tool to create CBM-containing plant cell wall degrading enzymes. N Biotechnol 2021; 65:31-41. [PMID: 34352412 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Irrespective of their biological origin, most proteins are composed of several elementary domains connected by linkers. These domains are either functionally independent units, or part of larger multidomain structures whose functions are defined by their spatial proximity. Carbohydrate-degrading enzymes provide examples of a range of multidomain structures, in which catalytic protein domains are frequently appended to one or more non-catalytic carbohydrate-binding modules which specifically bind to carbohydrate motifs. While the carbohydrate-binding specificity of these modules is clear, their function is not fully elucidated. Herein, an original approach to tackle the study of carbohydrate-binding modules using the Jo-In biomolecular welding protein pair is presented. To provide a proof of concept, recombinant xylanases appended to two different carbohydrate-binding modules have been created and produced. The data reveal the biochemical properties of four xylanase variants and provide the basis for correlating enzyme activity to structural properties and to the nature of the substrate and the ligand specificity of the appended carbohydrate-binding module. It reveals that specific spatial arrangements favour activity on soluble polymeric substrates and that activity on such substrates does not predict the behaviour of multimodular enzymes on insoluble plant cell wall samples. The results highlight that the Jo-In protein welding system is extremely useful to design multimodular enzyme systems, especially to create rigid conformations that decrease the risk of intermodular interference. Further work on Jo-In will target the introduction of varying degrees of flexibility, providing the means to study this property and the way it may influence multimodular enzyme functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Badruna
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Pierre Roblin
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Enjalbert
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Guy Lippens
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Immacolata Venditto
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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7
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Keeble AH, Yadav VK, Ferla MP, Bauer CC, Chuntharpursat-Bon E, Huang J, Bon RS, Howarth M. DogCatcher allows loop-friendly protein-protein ligation. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 29:339-350.e10. [PMID: 34324879 PMCID: PMC8878318 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are many efficient ways to connect proteins at termini. However, connecting at a loop is difficult because of lower flexibility and variable environment. Here, we have developed DogCatcher, a protein that forms a spontaneous isopeptide bond with DogTag peptide. DogTag/DogCatcher was generated initially by splitting a Streptococcus pneumoniae adhesin. We optimized DogTag/DogCatcher through rational design and evolution, increasing reaction rate by 250-fold and establishing millimolar solubility of DogCatcher. When fused to a protein terminus, DogTag/DogCatcher reacts slower than SpyTag003/SpyCatcher003. However, inserted in loops of a fluorescent protein or enzyme, DogTag reacts much faster than SpyTag003. Like many membrane proteins, the ion channel TRPC5 has no surface-exposed termini. DogTag in a TRPC5 extracellular loop allowed normal calcium flux and specific covalent labeling on cells in 1 min. DogTag/DogCatcher reacts under diverse conditions, at nanomolar concentrations, and to 98% conversion. Loop-friendly ligation should expand the toolbox for creating protein architectures. Spontaneous transamidation at internal sites harnessing a DogTag/DogCatcher pair DogCatcher is designed and bred for high solubility and rapid reaction Within protein loops DogTag can clamp on its partner faster than SpyTag003 Fast and faithful fluorescent labeling of an ion channel at the cell surface via DogTag
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H Keeble
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Vikash K Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Matteo P Ferla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Claudia C Bauer
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Eulashini Chuntharpursat-Bon
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Robin S Bon
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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8
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Fredsgaard L, Goksøyr L, Thrane S, Aves KL, Theander TG, Sander AF. Head-to-Head Comparison of Modular Vaccines Developed Using Different Capsid Virus-Like Particle Backbones and Antigen Conjugation Systems. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060539. [PMID: 34063871 PMCID: PMC8224050 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsid virus-like particles (cVLPs) are used as molecular scaffolds to increase the immunogenicity of displayed antigens. Modular platforms have been developed whereby antigens are attached to the surface of pre-assembled cVLPs. However, it remains unknown to what extent the employed cVLP backbone and conjugation system may influence the immune response elicited against the displayed antigen. Here, we performed a head-to-head comparison of antigen-specific IgG responses elicited by modular cVLP-vaccines differing by their employed cVLP backbone or conjugation system, respectively. Covalent antigen conjugation (i.e., employing the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system) resulted in significantly higher antigen-specific IgG titers compared to when using affinity-based conjugation (i.e., using biotin/streptavidin). The cVLP backbone also influenced the antigen-specific IgG response. Specifically, vaccines based on the bacteriophage AP205 cVLP elicited significantly higher antigen-specific IgG compared to corresponding vaccines using the human papillomavirus major capsid protein (HPV L1) cVLP. In addition, the AP205 cVLP platform mediated induction of antigen-specific IgG with a different subclass profile (i.e., higher IgG2a and IgG2b) compared to HPV L1 cVLP. These results demonstrate that the cVLP backbone and conjugation system can individually affect the IgG response elicited against a displayed antigen. These data will aid the understanding and process of tailoring modular cVLP vaccines to achieve improved immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurits Fredsgaard
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.F.); (L.G.); (K.-L.A.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Louise Goksøyr
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.F.); (L.G.); (K.-L.A.); (T.G.T.)
- AdaptVac Aps, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark;
| | | | - Kara-Lee Aves
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.F.); (L.G.); (K.-L.A.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Thor G. Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.F.); (L.G.); (K.-L.A.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Adam F. Sander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.F.); (L.G.); (K.-L.A.); (T.G.T.)
- AdaptVac Aps, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
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9
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Ness S, Hilleringmann M. Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 1 Pilus - A Multifunctional Tool for Optimized Host Interaction. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:615924. [PMID: 33633703 PMCID: PMC7899983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.615924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae represents a major Gram-positive human pathogen causing bacterial pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis, and other invasive diseases. Several pneumococcal isolates show increasing resistance rates against antibacterial agents. A variety of virulence factors promote pneumococcal pathogenicity with varying importance in different stages of host infection. Virulence related hair-like structures ("pili") are complex, surface located protein arrays supporting proper host interaction. In the last two decades different types of pneumococcal pili have been identified: pilus-1 (P1) and pilus-2 (P2) are formed by the catalytic activity of sortases that covalently assemble secreted polypeptide pilin subunits in a defined order and finally anchor the resulting pilus in the peptidoglycan. Within the long pilus fiber the presence of intramolecular isopeptide bonds confer high stability to the sequentially arranged individual pilins. This mini review will focus on S. pneumoniae TIGR4 P1 molecular architecture, the subunits it builds and provides insights into P1 sortase-mediated assembly. The complex P1 architecture (anchor-/backbone-/tip-subunits) allows the specific interaction with various target structures facilitating different steps of colonization, invasion and spreading within the host. Optimized pilin subunit confirmation supports P1 function under physiological conditions. Finally, aspects of P1- host interplay are summarized, including recent insights into P1 mechanobiology, which have important implications for P1 mediated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Hilleringmann
- FG Protein Biochemistry & Cellular Microbiology, Department of Applied Sciences and Mechatronics, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
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10
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Enjalbert T, De La Mare M, Roblin P, Badruna L, Vernet T, Dumon C, Montanier CY. Characterisation of the Effect of the Spatial Organisation of Hemicellulases on the Hydrolysis of Plant Biomass Polymer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124360. [PMID: 32575393 PMCID: PMC7353053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Synergism between enzymes is of crucial importance in cell metabolism. This synergism occurs often through a spatial organisation favouring proximity and substrate channelling. In this context, we developed a strategy for evaluating the impact of the geometry between two enzymes involved in nature in the recycling of the carbon derived from plant cell wall polymers. By using an innovative covalent association process using two protein fragments, Jo and In, we produced two bi-modular chimeric complexes connecting a xylanase and a xylosidase, involved in the deconstruction of xylose-based plant cell wall polymer. We first show that the intrinsic activity of the individual enzymes was preserved. Small Angle X-rays Scattering (SAXS) analysis of the complexes highlighted two different spatial organisations in solution, affecting both the distance between the enzymes (53 Å and 28 Å) and the distance between the catalytic pockets (94 Å and 75 Å). Reducing sugar and HPAEC-PAD analysis revealed different behaviour regarding the hydrolysis of Beechwood xylan. After 24 h of hydrolysis, one complex was able to release a higher amount of reducing sugar compare to the free enzymes (i.e., 15,640 and 14,549 µM of equivalent xylose, respectively). However, more interestingly, the two complexes were able to release variable percentages of xylooligosaccharides compared to the free enzymes. The structure of the complexes revealed some putative steric hindrance, which impacted both enzymatic efficiency and the product profile. This report shows that controlling the spatial geometry between two enzymes would help to better investigate synergism effect within complex multi-enzymatic machinery and control the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Enjalbert
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France; (T.E.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Marion De La Mare
- Toulouse White Biotechnology, UMS INRA 1337, UMS CNRS 3582, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse, 31077 Toulouse, France;
| | - Pierre Roblin
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France;
| | - Louise Badruna
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France; (T.E.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Thierry Vernet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Univ., Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Claire Dumon
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France; (T.E.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Cédric Y. Montanier
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France; (T.E.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)5-61-55-97-13
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Marini A, Zhou Y, Li Y, Taylor IJ, Leneghan DB, Jin J, Zaric M, Mekhaiel D, Long CA, Miura K, Biswas S. A Universal Plug-and-Display Vaccine Carrier Based on HBsAg VLP to Maximize Effective Antibody Response. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2931. [PMID: 31921185 PMCID: PMC6921968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of effective malaria vaccines requires delivery platforms to enhance the immunogenicity and efficacy of the target antigens. This is particularly challenging for transmission-blocking malaria vaccines (TBVs), and specifically for those based on the Pfs25 antigen, that need to elicit very high antibody titers to stop the parasite development in the mosquito host and its transmission. Presenting antigens to the immune system on virus-like particles (VLPs) is an efficient way to improve the quantity and quality of the immune response generated. Here we introduce for the first time a new VLP vaccine platform, based on the well-established hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) fused to the SpyCatcher protein, so that the antigen of interest, linked to the SpyTag peptide, can be easily displayed on it (Plug-and-Display technology). As little as 10% of the SpyCatcher::HBsAg VLPs decorated with Pfs25::SpyTag (molar ratio) induces a higher antibody response and transmission-reducing activity in mice compared to the soluble protein, with 50 and 90% of the VLP coupled to the antigen further enhancing the response. Importantly, using this carrier that is a vaccine antigen itself could be beneficial, as we show that anti-HBsAg IgG antibodies are induced without interfering with the Pfs25-specific immune response generated. Furthermore, pre-existing anti-HBsAg immunity does not affect the antigen-specific response to Pfs25::SpyTag-SpyCatcher::HBsAg, suggesting that these VLPs can have a broad use as a vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Marini
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Zhou
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iona J. Taylor
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Darren B. Leneghan
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Jin
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marija Zaric
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Mekhaiel
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carole A. Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Sumi Biswas
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Changing surface grafting density has an effect on the activity of immobilized xylanase towards natural polysaccharides. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5763. [PMID: 30962508 PMCID: PMC6453946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are involved in various types of biological processes. In many cases, they are part of multi-component machineries where enzymes are localized in close proximity to each-other. In such situations, it is still not clear whether inter-enzyme spacing actually plays a role or if the colocalization of complementary activities is sufficient to explain the efficiency of the system. Here, we focus on the effect of spatial proximity when identical enzymes are immobilized onto a surface. By using an innovative grafting procedure based on the use of two engineered protein fragments, Jo and In, we produce model systems in which enzymes are immobilized at surface densities that can be controlled precisely. The enzyme used is a xylanase that participates to the hydrolysis of plant cell wall polymers. By using a small chromogenic substrate, we first show that the intrinsic activity of the enzymes is fully preserved upon immobilization and does not depend on surface density. However, when using beechwood xylan, a naturally occurring polysaccharide, as substrate, we find that the enzymatic efficiency decreases by 10–60% with the density of grafting. This unexpected result is probably explained through steric hindrance effects at the nanoscale that hinder proper interaction between the enzymes and the polymer. A second effect of enzyme immobilization at high densities is the clear tendency for the system to release preferentially shorter oligosaccharides from beechwood xylan as compared to enzymes in solution.
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Brune KD, Howarth M. New Routes and Opportunities for Modular Construction of Particulate Vaccines: Stick, Click, and Glue. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1432. [PMID: 29997617 PMCID: PMC6028521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) can induce potent B cell responses. Some non-chimeric VLP-based vaccines are highly successful licensed products (e.g., hepatitis B surface antigen VLPs as a hepatitis B virus vaccine). Chimeric VLPs are designed to take advantage of the VLP framework by decorating the VLP with a different antigen. Despite decades of effort, there have been few licensed chimeric VLP vaccines. Classic approaches to create chimeric VLPs are either genetic fusion or chemical conjugation, using cross-linkers from lysine on the VLP to cysteine on the antigen. We describe the principles that make these classic approaches challenging, in particular for complex, full-length antigens bearing multiple post-translational modifications. We then review recent advances in conjugation approaches for protein-based non-enveloped VLPs or nanoparticles, to overcome such challenges. This includes the use of strong non-covalent assembly methods (stick), unnatural amino acids for bio-orthogonal chemistry (click), and spontaneous isopeptide bond formation by SpyTag/SpyCatcher (glue). Existing applications of these methods are outlined and we critically consider the key practical issues, with particular insight on Tag/Catcher plug-and-display decoration. Finally, we highlight the potential for modular particle decoration to accelerate vaccine generation and prepare for pandemic threats in human and veterinary realms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl D Brune
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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