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Anju T, Preetha R, Shunmugam R, Mane SR, Arockiaraj J, Ganapathy S. Non-Clinical Investigation of Tuberculosis Drugs: Conjugated Norbornene-
Based Nanocarriers Toxic Impacts on Zebrafish. CURRENT NANOMEDICINE 2021; 11:224-236. [DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666211221130125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Rifampicin conjugated (R-CP), and rifampicin -isoniazid dual conjugated (RI-CP) norbornene-derived nanocarriers are newly designed for pH stimuli-responsive delivery of tuberculosis (TB) drugs. Its biosafety level is yet to be well established.
OBJECTIVES:
To assess the impacts of the nanocarriers on liver cells using zebrafish animal model and human liver cell line model (HepG2).
METHODS:
Initially, lethal dose concentration for the norbornene-derived nanocarrier systems in zebrafish was determined. The toxic effects were analysed at the sub-lethal drug concentration by histopathological study, total GSH level, gene expression and DNA damage in zebrafish liver cells. Fish erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities were also evaluated. Cell viability and oxidative stress level (ROS generation) after exposure to the nanoconjugates was determined using HepG2 cell in the in vitro study.
RESULTS:
In vivo studies of both R-CP and RI-CP showed 100% mortality at 96 hours for exposure concentration >100mg/l and showed toxic changes in zebrafish liver histology, GSH, and DNA damage levels. A noticeable upregulated PXR, CYP3A and cyp2p6 genes was observed in RI-CP exposure than in RIF or R-CP molecules. The in vitro study revealed a dose-dependent effect on cell viability and ROS generation for RIF, R-CP and RI-CP exposures in HepG2 cells.
CONCLUSION:
The current study reports that the rifampicin conjugated (R-CP) and rifampicin-isoniazid conjugated (RI-CP) norbornene derived nanocarriers exhibit enhanced toxic responses in both adult zebrafish and HepG2 cells. The pH-sensitive norbornene derived nanocarriers on conjugation with different drugs exhibited varied impacts on hepatic cells. Hence the present investigation recommends a complete metabolomics analysis and norbornene carrier-drug interaction study to be performed for each drug conjugated norbornene nanocarrier to ensure its biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangammal Anju
- Department of Biotechnology and Department of Food Process Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute
of Science Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Preetha
- Department of Biotechnology and Department of Food Process Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute
of Science Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Shunmugam
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER K), India
| | - Shivshankar R. Mane
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER K), India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries
Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM
Institute of Science Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shivasekar Ganapathy
- Department of Pathology,
SRM Medical college and research center, SRM Institute of Science Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai,
Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Mother Nature produces a perfectly defined architecture that inspires researchers to make polymeric macromolecules for an array of functions. The present article describes recent development in the PISA to synthesize polymeric nano-objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivshankar R. Mane
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division
- CSIR – National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
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Barbiturate derived amphiphilic homopolymers: synthesis, characterization, self-assembly and anticancer drug delivery. Ther Deliv 2019; 10:419-431. [PMID: 31359849 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2019-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Our aim was to synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic norbornene-derived thiobarbiturate homopolymers (NDTH 1-4) for drug delivery. Methods: Ring-opening metathesis polymerization technique was used to prepare a series of homopolymers. The hydrophobicity is introduced by increasing the number of carbon chains ([-CH2-]n; n = 1, 2, 3 & 4) in between norbornene backbone and thiobarbiturate species. Results: These vesicular aggregates have been used as anticancer Doxorubicin drug delivery vehicles at the acidic (5.5) and physiological (7.4) pHs. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy has demonstrated that the drug-loaded vesicles are easily internalized into living cells. Conclusion: Amphiphilic norbornene-derived thiobarbiturate homopolymer assemblies showed efficient nanocarrier for effective anticancer drug delivery.
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Xie N, Feng K, Shao J, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. A simple, modular synthesis of bifunctional peptide-polynorbornenes for apoptosis induction and fluorescence imaging of cancer cells. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01730h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional peptide-polynorbornenes were designed and fabricated via modular ROMP for mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis induction and fluorescence imaging of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Feng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology
- University of CAS
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Jianqun Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology
- University of CAS
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology
- University of CAS
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology
- University of CAS
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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