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Botella P, Rivero-Buceta E. Safe approaches for camptothecin delivery: Structural analogues and nanomedicines. J Control Release 2016; 247:28-54. [PMID: 28027948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-(S)-camptothecin is a strongly cytotoxic molecule with excellent antitumor activity over a wide spectrum of human cancers. However, the direct formulation is limited by its poor water solubility, low plasmatic stability and severe toxicity, which currently limits its clinical use. As a consequence, two strategies have been developed in order to achieve safe and efficient delivery of camptothecin to target cells: structural analogues and nanomedicines. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the design, synthesis and development of camptothecin molecular derivatives and supramolecular vehicles, following a systematic classification according to structure-activity relationships (structural analogues) or chemical nature (nanomedicines). A series of organic, inorganic and hybrid materials are presented as nanoplatforms to overcome camptothecin restrictions in administration, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Nanocarriers which respond to a variety of stimuli endogenously (e.g., pH, redox potential, enzyme activity) or exogenously (e.g., magnetic field, light, temperature, ultrasound) seem the best positioned therapeutic materials for optimal spatial and temporal control over drug release. The main goal of this review is to be used as a source of relevant literature for others interested in the field of camptothecin-based therapeutics. To this end, final remarks on the most important formulations currently under clinical trial are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Botella
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Eva Rivero-Buceta
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Zhang Y, Ding J, Li M, Chen X, Xiao C, Zhuang X, Huang Y, Chen X. One-Step "Click Chemistry"-Synthesized Cross-Linked Prodrug Nanogel for Highly Selective Intracellular Drug Delivery and Upregulated Antitumor Efficacy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10673-10682. [PMID: 27077549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric prodrugs formed by the conjugation of drugs onto polymers have shown great promise in cancer therapy because of the enhancement of water solubility, elimination of premature drug release, and the improvement of pharmacokinetics. To integrate the two advantages of upregulated stability during circulation and selective release of drug in cancer cells, a pH and reduction dual-sensitive prodrug nanogel (CLP) was synthesized via a simple one step "click chemistry". CLP was spherically shaped with a uniform diameter of 60.6 ± 13.7 nm and exhibited great stability in size against large volume dilution, high salt concentration, and long-time incubation in phosphate-buffered saline. Owing to the presence of hydrazone-bonded doxorubicin (DOX) and disulfide cross-linker, CLP released minimal amount (7.8%) of drug under normal physiological pH (i.e., 7.4) condition. But it released 85.5% of the loaded DOX at endosomal pH (i.e., 5.5) plus the presence of 5.0 mM GSH in 120 h. CLP could be effectively internalized by tumor cells and subsequently release DOX in the intracellular environment, resulting in effective proliferation inhibition of HeLa and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, compared with free DOX and non-cross-linked prodrug micelle (NCLP), CLP accumulated more in tumor site but less in the normal organs, so that CLP performed the enhanced antitumor efficiency and reduced side-toxicities toward the MCF-7 human breast cancer xenograft nude mouse model. With convenient fabrication, favorable stability, controlled release properties, optimized biodistribution, and enhanced suppression of tumor growth, CLP held great potential for optimal antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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