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Abstract
We present an efficient strategy for synthesising the PdAu catalysts with a homogeneous PdAu alloy phase for environmentally important hydrodechlorination of tetrachloromethane in the gas phase. The synthesis of carbon-supported catalysts involved two major steps: (i) incorporation of palladium and gold nanoparticles into carbon support and (ii) activation of the catalysts. The critical part of this work was to find the optimal conditions for both steps. Thus, the incorporation of the nanoparticles was carried out in two ways, by impregnation and direct redox reaction method using acetone solutions of metal precursor salts. The activation was performed either by a conventional thermal reduction in hydrogen or flash irradiation in a microwave oven. The homogeneity and structure of the PdAu alloy were found to depend on the catalyst activation method critically. In all cases, we observed better homogeneity for catalysts that were subject to microwave irradiation. Moreover, the flash microwave irradiation of prepared catalysts provided catalysts of better stability and selectivity towards the desired products (hydrocarbons) in the hydrodechlorination of tetrachloromethane as compared to the catalyst obtained by conventional thermal activation in hydrogen.
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Tang H, Dang M, Li Y, Li L, Han W, Liu Z, Li Y, Li X. Rational design of MgF2 catalysts with long-term stability for the dehydrofluorination of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a). RSC Adv 2019; 9:23744-23751. [PMID: 35530601 PMCID: PMC9069504 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04250d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, three different approaches, i.e. the sol–gel method, precipitation method and hard-template method, were applied to synthesize MgF2 catalysts with improved stability towards the dehydrofluorination of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); the in situ XRD technique was employed to investigate the relationship between the calcination temperature and the crystallite size of precursors to determine optimal calcination temperature for the preparation of the MgF2 catalysts. Moreover, the physicochemical properties of MgF2 catalysts were examined via BET, XRD, EDS and TPD of NH3 and compared. Undoubtedly, the application of different methods had a significant influence on the surface properties and catalytic performances of MgF2 catalysts. The surface areas of the catalysts prepared by the precipitation method, sol–gel method and template method were 120, 215 and 304 m2 g−1, respectively, upon calcination at 200 °C. However, the surface area of the MgF2 catalysts decreased significantly when the calcination temperatures of 300 and 350 °C were applied. The catalytic performance of these catalysts was evaluated via the dehydrofluorination of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a). The MgF2 catalyst prepared by the precipitation method showed the lowest catalytic activity among all the MgF2 catalysts. When the calcination temperature was above 300 °C, the MgF2 catalysts prepared via the template method demonstrated the highest catalytic conversion rate with catalytic activity following the order: MgF2-T (template method) > MgF2-S (sol–gel method) > MgF2-P (precipitation method). The conversion rate generally agreed with the total amount of acid on the surface of the catalysts, which was measured by the NH3-TPD technique. The MgF2-T catalysts were further examined for the dehydrofluorination of HFC-152a for 600 hours, and a conversion rate greater than 45% was maintained, demonstrating superior long-term stability of these catalysts. In this study, sol–gel, precipitation and hard-template methods were applied to synthesize MgF2 catalysts with improved stability towards dehydrofluorination of hydrofluorocarbons and MgF2-T catalysts demonstrated superior long-term stability.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Tang
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Mingming Dang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Lichun Li
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Wenfeng Han
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Zongjian Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Xiaonian Li
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
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Zieliński M, Pietrowski M, Kiderys A, Kot M, Alwin E. A comparative study of the performance of Pt/MgF2, Ir/MgF2 and Ru/MgF2 catalysts in hydrogenation reactions. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bonarowska M, Wojciechowska M, Zieliński M, Kiderys A, Zieliński M, Winiarek P, Karpiński Z. Hydrodechlorination of Tetrachloromethane over Palladium Catalysts Supported on Mixed MgF₂-MgO Carriers. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121620. [PMID: 27898012 PMCID: PMC6273656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pd/MgO, Pd/MgF2 and Pd/MgO-MgF2 catalysts were investigated in the reaction of CCl4 hydrodechlorination. All the catalysts deactivated in time on stream, but the degree of deactivation varied from catalyst to catalyst. The MgF2-supported palladium with relatively large metal particles appeared the best catalyst, characterized by good activity and selectivity to C2-C5 hydrocarbons. Investigation of post-reaction catalyst samples allowed to find several details associated with the working state of hydrodechlorination catalysts. The role of support acidity was quite complex. On the one hand, a definite, although not very high Lewis acidity of MgF2 is beneficial for shaping high activity of palladium catalysts. The MgO-MgF2 support characterized by stronger Lewis acidity than MgF2 contributes to very good catalytic activity for a relatively long reaction period (~5 h) but subsequent neutralization of stronger acid centers (by coking) eliminates them from the catalyst. On the other hand, the role of acidity evolution, which takes place when basic supports (like MgO) are chlorided during HdCl reactions, is difficult to assess because different events associated with distribution of chlorided support species, leading to partial or even full blocking of the surface of palladium, which plays the role of active component in HdCl reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bonarowska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Maria Wojciechowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, Poznań 61-614, Poland.
| | - Maciej Zieliński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Angelika Kiderys
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, Poznań 61-614, Poland.
| | - Michał Zieliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, Poznań 61-614, Poland.
| | - Piotr Winiarek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Karpiński
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Wóycickiego 1/3, Warsaw 01-938, Poland.
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Bonarowska M, Karpiński Z, Kosydar R, Szumełda T, Drelinkiewicz A. Hydrodechlorination of CCl4 over carbon-supported palladium–gold catalysts prepared by the reverse “water-in-oil” microemulsion method. CR CHIM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chen M, Jin JM, Lin SD, Li Y, Liu WC, Guo L, Li L, Li XN. SiO2-template synthesis of mesoporous MgF2 highly effective for Cl/F exchange reaction. J Fluor Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bas S, Chatterjee U, Soucek MD. Synthesis of amphiphilic triblock copolymers for the formation of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zieliński M, Pietrowski M, Wojciechowska M. New Promising Iridium Catalyst for Toluene Hydrogenation. ChemCatChem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pietrowski M, Wojciechowska M. The origin of increased chemoselectivity of platinum supported on magnesium fluoride in the hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzene. Catal Today 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2010.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ha JM, Kim D, Kim J, Ahn BS, Kim Y, Kang JW. High-temperature hydrodechlorination of ozone-depleting chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) on supported Pd and Ni catalysts. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2011; 46:989-996. [PMID: 21847789 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2011.586262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The hydrodechlorination of chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) was performed by a catalytic reaction and noncatalytic thermal decomposition at high temperatures of 400-800 °C. After 47 h of time-on-stream on a supported palladium (Pd) catalyst, the gas phase composition of difluoromethane (HFC-32) is 41.0%, with 4.9% of the HCFC-22 remaining, indicating the conversion of up to 95.1% of HCFC-22. The supported nickel catalyst's deactivation is significant as it exhibits the low conversion of HCFC-22 under the same reaction conditions. The deactivation of the catalyst is caused by the polymerization of adsorbed methyl radicals, which competes with the formation of HFC-32. With concentrated reactants at high reaction temperatures, there was an increase in the catalytic activity; however, unwanted tar, methane, and trifluoromethane (HFC-23) by-products are also produced. The use of catalyst suppresses the formation of these by-products. Considering the compositions of the products of the catalytic and noncatalytic reactions, we demonstrate that the use of the supported-metal catalysts and hydrogen flow suppresses tar formation and lowers the required reaction temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Myeong Ha
- Clean Energy Research Center, National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Karpiński Z, Bonarowska M, Łomot D, Śrębowata A, Costa PD, Rodrigues JA. Hydrogenolysis of carbon–halogen and carbon–carbon bonds over Pd/Nb2O5–Al2O3 catalysts. CATAL COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2009.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Magnesium fluoride catalyzed Knoevenagel reaction: An efficient synthesis of electrophilic alkenes. CATAL COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2007.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ammoxidation of 3-picoline over V2O5/MgF2 catalysts: Correlations between nicotinonitrile yield and O2 and NH3 chemisorption properties. CATAL COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Effect of MgF2 and Al2O3 supports on the structure and catalytic activity of copper–manganese oxide catalysts. Catal Letters 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-006-9010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wojciechowska M, Przystajko W, Zieliński M. CO oxidation catalysts based on copper and manganese or cobalt oxides supported on MgF2 and Al2O3. Catal Today 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2006.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzene over supported metal catalysts. CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-006-9004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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A review of CFC and halon treatment technologies – The nature and role of catalysts. CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-006-9003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pârvulescu VI, Pârvulescu V, Endruschat U, Filoti G, Wagner FE, Kübel C, Richards R. Characterization and Catalytic-Hydrogenation Behavior of SiO2-Embedded Nanoscopic Pd, Au, and Pd–Au Alloy Colloids. Chemistry 2006; 12:2343-57. [PMID: 16380952 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Colloids embedded in a silica sol-gel matrix were prepared by using fully alloyed Pd-Au colloids, and pure Pd and Au colloids stabilized with tetraalkylammonium bromide following a modified sol-gel procedure with tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the solvent. Tetraethoxysilicate (TEOS) was used as the precursor for the silica support. The molar composition of the sol was TEOS/THF/H2O/HCl = 1:3.5:4:0.05 for the bimetallic Pd-Au and TEOS/THF/H2O/HCl = 1:4.5:4:0.02 for Pd and Au monometallic systems. After refluxing, the colloid was added as a 4.5 wt % solution in THF for Pd-Au, 10.2 wt % solution in THF for Pd and 8.4 wt % solution in THF for Au at room temperature. The gelation was carried out with vigorous stirring (4 days) under an Ar atmosphere. Following these procedures, bimetallic Pd-Au-SiO2 catalysts with 0.6 and 1 wt % metal, and monometallic Pd- and Au-SiO2 catalysts with 1 wt % metal were prepared. These materials were further treated following four different routes: 1) by simple drying, 2) in which the dried catalysts were calcined in air at 723 K and then reduced at the same temperature, 3) in which they were directly reduced in hydrogen at 723 K, and 4) in which the surfactant was extracted using an ethanol-heptane azeotropic mixture. The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77 K, H2 chemisorption measurements, solid-state 1H, 13C, 29Si-CP/MAS-NMR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and 197Au Mössbauer spectroscopy. The physical characterization by a combination of these techniques has shown that the size and the structural characteristics of the Pd-Au colloid precursor are preserved when embedded in an SiO2 matrix. Catalytic tests were carried out in selective hydrogenation of 3-hexyn-1-ol, cinnamaldehyde, and styrene. These data showed evidence that alloying Pd with Au in bimetallic colloids leads to enhanced activity and most importantly to improved selectivity. Also, the combination of the two metals resulted in catalysts that were very stable against poisoning, as was evidenced for the hydrogenation of styrene in the presence of thiophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile I Pârvulescu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Technology and Catalysis, B-dul Regina Elisabeta 4-12, Bucharest 70346, Romania.
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Smirnov VV, Lanin SN, Vasil’kov AY, Nikolaev SA, Murav’eva GP, Tyurina LA, Vlasenko EV. Adsorption and catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons on nanosized gold particles immobilized on alumina. Russ Chem Bull 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-006-0111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Role of hydrotalcite precursors as supports for Pd catalysts in hydrodechlorination of CCl2F2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2003.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Krishna Murthy J, Chandra Shekar S, Padmasri A, Venugopal A, Siva Kumar V, Nagaraja B, Shashikala V, Raju B, Kanta Rao P, Rama Rao K. Promotional effect of magnesia addition to active carbon supported Pd catalyst on the characteristics and hydrodechlorination activity of CCl2F2. CATAL COMMUN 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2003.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Murwani IK, Kemnitz E, Skapin T, Nickkho-Amiry M, Winfield JM. Mechanistic investigation of the hydrodechlorination of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorodichloroethane on metal fluoride-supported Pt and Pd. Catal Today 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2003.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Coq B, Medina F, Tichit D, Morato A. The catalytic transformation of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrogen on metal-based catalysts supported on inorganic fluorides. Catal Today 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2003.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dehalogenative oligomerization of dichlorodifluoromethane catalyzed by activated carbon-supported Pt–Cu catalysts: effect of Cu to Pt atomic ratio. Catal Today 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2003.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chandra Shekar S, Krishna Murthy J, Kanta Rao P, Rama Rao K. Pd supported on fluorinated carbon covered alumina (FCCA) a high performance catalyst in the hydrodechlorination of dichlorodifluoromethane. CATAL COMMUN 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1566-7367(02)00245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Alonso F, Beletskaya IP, Yus M. Metal-mediated reductive hydrodehalogenation of organic halides. Chem Rev 2002; 102:4009-91. [PMID: 12428984 DOI: 10.1021/cr0102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 606] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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Pd–Au/Sibunit Carbon Catalysts: Characterization and Catalytic Activity in Hydrodechlorination of Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12). J Catal 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.2002.3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cao YC, Jiang XZ. Supported palladium phthalocyanine catalysts in hydrodechlorination of CCl2F2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(01)00516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Highly selective zirconium oxychloride modified Pd/C catalyst in the hydrodechlorination of dichlorodifluoromethane to difluoromethane. CATAL COMMUN 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1566-7367(02)00075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Aytam HP, Akula V, Janmanchi K, Kamaraju SRR, Panja KR, Gurram K, Niemantsverdriet JW. Characterization and Reactivity of Pd/MgO and Pd/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts in the Selective Hydrogenolysis of CCl2F2†. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012357a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Characterization of Pd–Au/SiO2 Catalysts by X-ray Diffraction, Temperature-Programmed Hydride Decomposition, and Catalytic Probes. J Catal 2000. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.2000.2989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hydrodechlorination of CCl2F2 (CFC-12) by carbon- and MgF2-supported palladium and palladium-gold catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(00)80760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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