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Liu M, Fu X, Lu M, Liu J, Xie H, Wei P, Zhang W, Xie Y, Qi Y. Colorimetric and visual determination of iodide ions via morphology transition of gold nanobipyramids. Anal Biochem 2023; 666:115077. [PMID: 36754136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The gold nanobipyramids (Au NBPs) are widely used in the analytical detection of biochemistry due to their unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties. In our developed approach, I- in kelp was detected by etching Au NBPs in the presence of IO3-. Under acidic conditions, IO3- reacted rapidly with I- to form I2, subsequently I2 reacted with I- to form the intermediate I3-. In the presence of CTAB, Au NBPs were etched by I2 derived from I3-, resulting in a decrease in the aspect ratio of Au NBPs, to form a significant blue shift of LSPR longitudinal peak and color variation of colloid which changed from blue-green to magenta and could be employed to quantitatively detect the concentration of I- with the naked eye. A linear relationship can be found between the LSPR peak changes with the I- concentration in a wide range from 4.0 μM to 15.0 μM, and the sensitive limit of detection (LOD) was 0.2 μM for UV-vis spectroscopy and the obvious color changes with a visual LOD was 4.0 μM for the naked eye. Benefiting from the high specificity, the proposed colorimetric detection of I- in kelp samples was achieved, indicating the available potential of the colorimetric detection for the determination of I- in real samples. What's more, this detection procedure was time-saving and could avoid tedious procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Xiaojuan Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Mengjie Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Jijian Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Huihui Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Peng Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
| | - Yahong Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
| | - Ying Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
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Figueiredo A, Strekowski RS, Bosland L, Durand A, Wortham H. Photolytic degradation of molecular iodine adsorbed on model SiO 2 particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137951. [PMID: 32392691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A molecular derivatization method followed by gas chromatographic separation coupled with mass spectrometric detection was used to study photolytic degradation of I2 adsorbed on solid SiO2 particles. This heterogeneous photodegradation of I2 is studied at ambient temperature in synthetic air to better understand I2 atmospheric dispersion and environmental fate. The obtained laboratory results show a considerably enhanced atmospheric lifetime of molecular iodine adsorbed on solid media. The heterogeneous atmospheric residence time (τ) of I2 is calculated to be τ ≈ 187 min, i.e., τ ≈ 3 h. The obtained heterogeneous lifetime of I2 is shown to be considerably longer than its destruction by its principal atmospheric sink, namely, photolysis. The observed enhanced atmospheric lifetime of I2 on heterogeneous media will likely have direct consequences on the atmospheric transport of I2 that influences the toxicity or the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Figueiredo
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSN-RES/SAG/LETR, Cadarache, France
| | | | - L Bosland
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSN-RES/SAG/LETR, Cadarache, France
| | - A Durand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | - H Wortham
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
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Rose MR, Roberts AL. Iodination of Dimethenamid in Chloraminated Water: Active Iodinating Agents and Distinctions between Chlorination, Bromination, and Iodination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:11764-11773. [PMID: 31556600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have elucidated the agent(s) that generate iodinated disinfection byproducts during drinking water treatment. We present a kinetic investigation of iodination of dimethenamid (DM), a model compound lacking acid-base speciation. Water chemistry parameters (pH, [Cl-], [Br-], [I-], and [pH buffer]) were systematically varied. As pH increased (4-9), DM iodination rate decreased. Conventional wisdom considers hypoiodous acid (HOI) as the predominant iodinating agent; nevertheless, HOI (pKHOI = 10.4) could not have produced this result, as its concentration is essentially invariant from pH 4-9. In contrast, [H2OI+] and [ICl] both decrease as pH increases. To distinguish their contributions to DM iodination, [Cl-] was added at constant pH and ionic strength. Although chloride addition did increase the iodination rate, the reaction order in [Cl-] was fractional (≤0.36). The contribution of ICl to DM iodination remained below 47% under typical drinking water conditions ([Cl-] ≤ 250 mg/L), implicating H2OI+ as the predominant iodinating agent. Distinctions between DM iodination versus chlorination or bromination include a more pronounced role for the hypohalous acidium ion (H2OX+), negligible contributions by hypohalous acid and molecular halogen (X2), and a more muted influence of XCl, leading to lesser susceptibility to catalysis by chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Rose
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , 313 Ames Hall, 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - A Lynn Roberts
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , 313 Ames Hall, 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
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Pregnancy Loss and Iodine Status: The LIFE Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030534. [PMID: 30823683 PMCID: PMC6471412 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine deficiency in pregnancy is a common problem in the United States and parts of Europe, but whether iodine deficiency is associated with increased pregnancy loss has not been well studied. The LIFE study provided an excellent opportunity to examine the relationship between iodine status and pregnancy loss because women were monitored prospectively to ensure excellent ascertainment of conceptions. The LIFE study, a population-based prospective cohort study, monitored 501 women who had discontinued contraception within two months to become pregnant; 329 became pregnant, had urinary iodine concentrations measured on samples collected at enrollment, and were followed up to determine pregnancy outcomes. Of the 329, 196 had live births (59.5%), 92 (28.0%) had losses, and 41 (12.5%) withdrew or were lost to follow up. Urinary iodine concentrations were in the deficiency range in 59.6% of the participants. The risk of loss, however, was not elevated in the mildly deficient group (hazard ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.34, 1.38), the moderately deficient group (hazard ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.43, 1.51), or the severely deficient group (hazard ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.32, 1.50). Iodine deficiency, even when moderate to severe, was not associated with increased rates of pregnancy loss. This study provides some reassurance that iodine deficiency at levels seen in many developed countries does not increase the risk of pregnancy loss.
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Determination of iodide based on dynamic gas extraction and colorimetric detection by paper modified with silver triangular nanoplates. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Mills JL, Buck Louis GM, Kannan K, Weck J, Wan Y, Maisog J, Giannakou A, Wu Q, Sundaram R. Delayed conception in women with low-urinary iodine concentrations: a population-based prospective cohort study. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:426-433. [PMID: 29340704 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is iodine deficiency associated with decreased fecundability? SUMMARY ANSWER Moderate to severe iodine deficiency is associated with a 46% decrease in fecundability. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Iodine deficiency is common in women of childbearing age but its effect on fecundability has not been investigated. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The LIFE Study, a population-based prospective cohort study, enrolled 501 women who had discontinued contraception within 2 months to become pregnant between 2005 and 2009. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Women reported on risk factors for infertility by interview then kept daily journals of relevant information. Women used fertility monitors to time intercourse relative to ovulation then used home digital pregnancy tests to identify pregnancies on the day of expected menstruation. Urine samples for iodine analysis were collected on enrollment. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Samples were in the deficiency range in 44.3% of participants. The group whose iodine-creatinine ratios were below 50 μg/g (moderate to severe deficiency) had a 46% reduction in fecundity (P = 0.028) compared with the group whose iodine-creatinine ratios were in the adequate range: adjusted fecundability odds ratio of becoming pregnant per cycle, 0.54 (95% confidence interval 0.31-0.94). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Iodine concentrations vary within individuals over time, so the data must be interpreted by group as we have done; residual confounding is possible. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Significant delays in becoming pregnant occur at iodine concentrations that are common in women in the USA and parts of Europe. Replicating these findings will be important to determine whether improving iodine status could be beneficial in improving fecundability. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by the Intramural Research Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA. Contracts N01-HD-3-3355; N01-HD-3-3356; N01-HD-3-3358 and HHSN275201100001l/HHSN27500007. None of the authors has any conflict of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Mills
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B building, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - G M Buck Louis
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B building, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - K Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, Empire State Plaza, New York, NY 12201, USA
| | - J Weck
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B building, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Y Wan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, Empire State Plaza, New York, NY 12201, USA
| | - J Maisog
- Glotech, Inc., 1801 Research Blvd., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - A Giannakou
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B building, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Q Wu
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, Empire State Plaza, New York, NY 12201, USA
| | - R Sundaram
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B building, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Pagliano E, Campanella B, D'Ulivo A, Mester Z. Derivatization chemistries for the determination of inorganic anions and structurally related compounds by gas chromatography - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1025:12-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kim UJ, Kannan K. Method for the Determination of Iodide in Dried Blood Spots from Newborns by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3291-3298. [PMID: 29412637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS), collected for newborn screening programs in the United States, have been used to screen for congenital metabolic diseases in newborns for over 50 years. DBS provide an easy and inexpensive way to collect and store peripheral blood specimens and present an excellent resource for studies on the assessment of chemical exposures in newborns. In this study, a selective and sensitive method was developed for the analysis of iodide in DBS by high performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Accuracy, inter- and intraday precision, matrix effects, and detection limits of the method were determined. Further validation of the method was accomplished by concurrent analysis of whole blood and fortified blood spotted on a Whatman 903 filter card. A significant positive correlation was found between measured concentrations of iodide in venous whole blood and the same blood spotted as DBS. The method limit of detection was 0.15 ng/mL iodide. The method was further validated by the analysis of a whole blood sample certified for iodide levels (proficiency testing sample) by spotting on a filter card. Twenty DBS samples collected from newborns in New York State were analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of the method. The measured concentrations of iodide in whole blood of newborns from New York State ranged between <LOD and 16.4 ng/mL. The developed method is applicable for the analysis of DBS collected for epidemiological studies that investigate the importance of iodide on the health of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Jung Kim
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health , State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509 , Albany , New York 12201-0509 , United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health , State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509 , Albany , New York 12201-0509 , United States.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
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Determination of iodide and total iodine in estuarine waters by cathodic stripping voltammetry using a vibrating silver amalgam microwire electrode. Talanta 2017; 174:165-170. [PMID: 28738564 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Iodide in natural waters is an important nutrient to aquatic organisms and its determination is of relevance to marine aquaculture. For this reason it is of interest to have a simple analytical method for determination of iodide in water samples. Iodide in seawater can be determined electrochemically by cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) with a mercury drop electrode which has environmental drawbacks. In an attempt to minimise the use of mercury in voltammetry, a vibrating silver amalgam microwire electrode is used here for the determination by CSV of iodide speciation in natural waters including seawater. Microwire electrodes were made from silver wires (diameter: 12.5µm) and electrochemically coated with mercury. The electrode surface was stable for extended periods of analyses (at least one week) and was then replaced. The optimised conditions include a pH 8, a frequency of 500Hz and a deposition time of 60s, among others. The microwire was reactivated between scans using a conditioning potential at -3 V for 1s. The detection limit for iodide in seawater was found to be 0.7nM I- at a deposition time of 60s. The response increased linearly with the concentration of iodide in seawater up to 100nM I-. The method was successfully applied to various samples from the estuary of the river Mersey (Liverpool Bay). An existing procedure for iodine speciation was modified to enable determination of iodate and total iodine as well as iodide in estuarine waters.
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Wang MH, Huang ZP, Liu JW, He J, Zhang JJ, Zhu Y. Iodide analysis by ion chromatography on a new stationary phase of polystyrene-divinylbenzene agglomerated with polymerized-epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Gong T, Zhang X. Determination of iodide, iodate and organo-iodine in waters with a new total organic iodine measurement approach. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:6660-6669. [PMID: 24075720 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The dissolved iodine species that dominate aquatic systems are iodide, iodate and organo-iodine. These species may undergo transformation to one another and thus affect the formation of iodinated disinfection byproducts during disinfection of drinking waters or wastewater effluents. In this study, a fast, sensitive and accurate method for determining these iodine species in waters was developed by derivatizing iodide and iodate to organic iodine and measuring organic iodine with a total organic iodine (TOI) measurement approach. Within this method, organo-iodine was determined directly by TOI measurement; iodide was oxidized by monochloramine to hypoiodous acid and then hypoiodous acid reacted with phenol to form organic iodine, which was determined by TOI measurement; iodate was reduced by ascorbic acid to iodide and then determined as iodide. The quantitation limit of organo-iodine or sum of organo-iodine and iodide or sum of organo-iodine, iodide and iodate was 5 μg/L as I for a 40 mL water sample (or 2.5 μg/L as I for an 80 mL water sample, or 1.25 μg/L as I for a 160 mL water sample). This method was successfully applied to the determination of iodide, iodate and organo-iodine in a variety of water samples, including tap water, seawater, urine and wastewater. The recoveries of iodide, iodate and organo-iodine were 91-109%, 90-108% and 91-108%, respectively. The concentrations and distributions of iodine species in different water samples were obtained and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gong
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Yazdi AS, Yazdinezhad SR, Akhoundzadeh J. Simultaneous derivatization and extraction of iodine from milk samples by hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-electron capture detection. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-012-0196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jain A, Verma KK. Recent advances in applications of single-drop microextraction: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 706:37-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Salt-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of iodine in table salt by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Electrochemical determination of iodide by poly(3-aminophenylboronic acid) film electrode at moderately low pH ranges. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 687:137-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang S, Schwehr KA, Ho YF, Xu C, Roberts KA, Kaplan DI, Brinkmeyer R, Yeager CM, Santschi PH. A novel approach for the simultaneous determination of iodide, iodate and organo-iodide for 127I and 129I in environmental samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:9042-9048. [PMID: 21069952 DOI: 10.1021/es102047y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic environments, iodine mainly exists as iodide, iodate, and organic iodine. The high mobility of iodine in aquatic systems has led to (129)I contamination problems at sites where nuclear fuel has been reprocessed, such as the F-area of Savannah River Site. In order to assess the distribution of (129)I and stable (127)I in environmental systems, a sensitive and rapid method was developed which enables determination of isotopic ratios of speciated iodine. Iodide concentrations were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after derivatization to 4-iodo-N,N-dimethylaniline. Iodate concentrations were quantified by measuring the difference of iodide concentrations in the solution before and after reduction by Na(2)S(2)O(5). Total iodine, including inorganic and organic iodine, was determined after conversion to iodate by combustion at 900 °C. Organo-iodine was calculated as the difference between the total iodine and total inorganic iodine (iodide and iodate). The detection limits of iodide-127 and iodate-127 were 0.34 nM and 1.11 nM, respectively, whereas the detection limits for both iodide-129 and iodate-129 was 0.08 nM (i.e., 2pCi (129)I/L). This method was successfully applied to water samples from the contaminated Savannah River Site, South Carolina, and more pristine Galveston Bay, Texas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Department of Oceanography and Marine Science, Texas A&M University, Galveston, Texas 77551, United States.
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Huang RJ, Hou X, Hoffmann T. Extensive evaluation of a diffusion denuder technique for the quantification of atmospheric stable and radioactive molecular iodine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:5061-5066. [PMID: 20524649 DOI: 10.1021/es100395p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present the evaluation and optimization of a new approach for the quantification of gaseous molecular iodine (I(2)) for laboratory- and field-based studies and its novel application for the measurement of radioactive molecular iodine. alpha-Cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) in combination with (129)I(-) is shown to be an effective denuder coating for the sampling of gaseous I(2) by the formation of an inclusion complex. The entrapped (127)I(2) together with the (129)I(-) spike in the coating is then released and derivatized to 4-iodo-N,N-dimethylaniline (4-I-DMA) for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The (127)I(2) collected can be differentiated from the (129)I(-) spike by MS. A set of parameters affecting the analytical performances of this approach, including amount of alpha-CD and (129)I(-) applied, denuder length, sampling gas flow rate and sampling duration, relative humidity, sample storage period, and condition of release and derivatization of iodine, is extensively evaluated and optimized. The collection efficiency is larger than 98% and the limit of detection (LOD) obtained is 0.17 parts-per-trillion-by-volume (pptv) for a sampling duration of 30 min at 500 mL min(-1). Furthermore, the potential use of this protocol for the determination of radioactive I(2) at ultra trace level is also demonstrated when (129)I(-) used in the coating is replaced by (127)I(-) and a multiple denuder system is used. Using the present method we observed 25.7-108.6 pptv (127)I(2) at Mweenish Bay, Ireland and 10(8) molecule m(-3 129)I(2) at Mainz, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jin Huang
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Headspace single-drop microextraction and fibre optics-based cuvetteless micro-spectrophotometry for the determination of chloride involving oxidation with permanganate. Talanta 2010; 80:1816-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dorman JW, Steinberg SM. Analysis of iodide and iodate in Lake Mead, Nevada using a headspace derivatization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 161:229-236. [PMID: 19184627 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report here a derivatization headspace method for the analysis of inorganic iodine in water. Samples from Lake Mead, the Las Vegas Wash, and from Las Vegas tap water were examined. Lake Mead and the Las Vegas Wash contained a mixture of both iodide and iodate. The average concentration of total inorganic iodine (TII) for Lake Mead was approximately 90 nM with an iodide-to-iodate ratio of approximately 1. The TII concentration (approximately 160 nM) and the ratio of iodide to iodate were higher for the Las Vegas Wash (approximately 2). The TII concentration for tap water was close to that of Lake Mead (approximately 90 nM); however, tap water contained no detectable iodide as a result of ozonation and chlorine treatment which converts all of the iodide to iodate.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Dorman
- Chemistry Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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Robrock KR, Coelhan M, Sedlak D, Alvarez-Cohen L. Aerobic biotransformation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) by bacterial isolates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:5705-5711. [PMID: 19731666 PMCID: PMC4288821 DOI: 10.1021/es900411k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants that have been used in consumer products and furniture for three decades. Currently, very little is known about their fate in the environment and specifically about their susceptibility to aerobic biotransformation. Here, we investigated the ability of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) degrading bacteria Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 and Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 to transform mono- through hexa-BDEs at ppb levels. We also tested the PBDE transforming abilities of the related strain Rhodococcus sp. RR1 and the ether-degrading Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190. The two PCB-degrading strains transformed all of the mono- through penta-BDEs and strain LB400 transformed one of the hexa-BDEs. The extent of transformation was inversely proportional to the degree of bromination. Strains RR1 and CB1190 were only able to transform the less brominated mono- and di-BDE congeners. RHA1 released stoichiometric quantities of bromide while transforming mono- and tetra-BDE congeners. LB400 instead converted most of a mono-BDE to a hydroxylated mono-BDE. This is the first report of aerobic transformation of tetra-, penta,- and hexa-BDEs as well as the first report of stoichiometric release of bromide during PBDE transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin R. Robrock
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Mehmet Coelhan
- Research Center for Brewing and Food Quality, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - David Sedlak
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Lisa Alvarez-Cohen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA
- Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, CA
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Liquid-phase microextraction and fibre-optics-based cuvetteless CCD-array micro-spectrophotometry for trace analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 648:183-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Huang RJ, Hoffmann T. Development of a Coupled Diffusion Denuder System Combined with Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for the Separation and Quantification of Molecular Iodine and the Activated Iodine Compounds Iodine Monochloride and Hypoiodous Acid in the Marine Atmosphere. Anal Chem 2009; 81:1777-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801839v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jin Huang
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Coupled in-tube and on-fibre solid-phase microextractions for cleanup and preconcentration of organic micropollutants from aqueous samples and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 618:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Immobilization of fission iodine by reaction with insoluble natural organic matter. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-008-0727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Reddy-Noone K, Jain A, Verma KK. Liquid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of bromate, iodate, bromide and iodide in high-chloride matrix. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1148:145-51. [PMID: 17391685 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2006] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the determination of bromate and iodate, any free bromide and iodide present was quantitatively removed by anion exchange with silver chloride exploiting the differences in silver salts solubility product, being AgCl, 1.8 x 10(-10), AgBr, 5.0 x 10(-13), AgI, 8.3 x 10(-17), AgBrO(3), 5.5 x 10(-5) and AgIO(3), 3.1 x 10(-8). The oxyhalides were reduced with ascorbic acid to halides and converted to 4-bromo-2,6-dimethylaniline and 4-iodo-2,6-dimethylaniline by their reaction with 2-iodosobenzoate in the presence of 2,6-dimethylaniline at pH 6.4 and 2-3, respectively. Single drop microextraction (SDME) of the haloanilines in 2 microl of toluene and injection of the whole extract into GC-MS, or liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) into 50 microl of toluene and injection of 2 microl of extract, resulted in a sensitive method for bromate and iodate. The latter method of extraction has been found more robust, sensitive and to give better extraction in shorter period than SDME. Total bromine/iodine was determined without any treatment with silver chloride. High concentration of chloride in the matrix did not interfere. A rectilinear calibration graph was obtained for 0.05 microg-25 mg l(-1) of bromate/bromide and iodate/iodide, the limit of detection were 20 ng l(-1) of bromate, 15 ng l(-1) of iodate, 20 ng l(-1) of bromide and 10 ng l(-1) of iodide (by LPME in 50 microl of toluene). The method has been applied to seawater and table salt. From the pooled data, the average recovery of spiked oxyhalide/halide to real samples was in range 96.7-105.7% with RSD in range 1.6-6.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan Reddy-Noone
- Department of Chemistry, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur 482001, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Lin FM, Wu HL, Kou HS, Lin SJ. Highly sensitive analysis of iodide anion in seaweed as pentafluorophenoxyethyl derivative by capillary gas chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:867-870. [PMID: 12568540 DOI: 10.1021/jf020861m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive gas chromatography (GC) method is described for the trace analysis of iodide anion (iodide) in processed seaweed as an organic derivative. The method is based on the derivatization of aqueous iodide extracted from seaweed with 2-(pentafluorophenoxy)ethyl 2-(piperidino)ethanesulfonate in toluene using tetra-n-hexylammonium bromide as a phase-transfer catalyst. The resulting pentafluorophenoxyethyl iodide is highly responsive to an electron-capture detector (ECD) and was analyzed by GC-ECD, giving a low detection limit of approximately 2.7 nM (2.7 fmol/microL injected). Interferences of some common anions in the analysis of iodide were studied and proved to be minimal. Application of the method to the analysis of iodide in processed seaweed was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Min Lin
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 807
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Abbas MNED. Chemically modified carbon paste electrode for iodide determination on the basis of cetyltrimethylammonium iodide ion-pair. ANAL SCI 2003; 19:229-33. [PMID: 12608750 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new carbon paste electrode (CPE) for the determination of iodide ion based on a cetyltrimethylammonium iodide (CTMAI) ion pair as an electroactive material is described. The electrode shows a linear response for iodide ion over the concentration range of 4 x 10(-5) M to 1 x 10(-1) M with a lower detection limit of 4 x 10(-5) M at 25 degrees C. The electrode has a Nemstian slope of -55.0 +/- 0.4 mV/decade and a fast potential response of 45 s, which is almost constant over a pH range of 5.0 - 9.0. Selectivity coefficient data of the CTMAI-CPE for some common ions show negligible interference, and the electrode has high selectivity towards the iodide ion. An average recovery of 101.83% with a relative standard deviation of 1.53% has been achieved for the determination of iodide in Flaxedil (gallamine triethiodide) ampoules, a muscle relaxant drug. The electrode has been examined for the determination of iodide in saline water; the results were found to compare favorably with those obtained using Metrohm iodide ISE. The electrode has been utilized as an end-point indicator electrode for the determination of Hg(II) and phenylmercury(I) in their aqueous solutions using potentiometric titration with a potassium iodide standard solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Noor El-Deen Abbas
- Microanalytical Laboratory, Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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