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Kazberova A, Solovov R, Orlichenia V. Phosphorylated Cotton Cellulose as a Matrix for Generating Chlorine Dioxide. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040967. [PMID: 36850250 PMCID: PMC9967223 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, developing disinfectant materials is of utmost importance. A significant advantage of our fabric is its reusability. The disinfectants based on a natural polymer of cellulose have been barely investigated. Our work presents a modified cellulose material, and the data obtained for the first time on the chlorine dioxide generation process when treating the material with a sodium chlorite alcohol solution. A method of applying NaClO2 onto the fabric by impregnating it with a solution sprayed by an aerosol generator is proposed. This kind of fabric is capable of withstanding multiple usages after pre-washing and rinsing. The lowest alcohols-methanol, ethanol and isopropanol-are proposed as optimal solvents. It was shown that the phosphorylated cotton cellulose fabric impregnated with this solution generates chlorine dioxide during the first 25-35 min. Neither humidity nor expedites improve the process of releasing the chlorine dioxide, but high moisture content in the air causes the complete absorption of ClO2 by microdrops and its removal from the gas environment. A promising technique for removing the excess ClO2 by the means of UV treatment is proposed: after 15 min of treating ClO2 in the gas phase, it disappears entirely. These materials could be used as disinfectants in different industries, such as food and industrial manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfisa Kazberova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 40 Obruchev Street, 117342 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Solovov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 40 Obruchev Street, 117342 Moscow, Russia
| | - Verbina Orlichenia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 40 Obruchev Street, 117342 Moscow, Russia
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Zhong Q, Carratalà A, Ossola R, Bachmann V, Kohn T. Cross-Resistance of UV- or Chlorine Dioxide-Resistant Echovirus 11 to Other Disinfectants. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1928. [PMID: 29046672 PMCID: PMC5632658 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of waterborne viruses with resistance to disinfection has been demonstrated in the laboratory and in the environment. Yet, the implications of such resistance for virus control remain obscure. In this study we investigate if viruses with resistance to a given disinfection method exhibit cross-resistance to other disinfectants. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2)- or UV-resistant populations of echovirus 11 were exposed to five inactivating treatments (free chlorine, ClO2, UV radiation, sunlight, and heat), and the extent of cross-resistance was determined. The ClO2-resistant population exhibited cross-resistance to free chlorine, but to none of the other inactivating treatments tested. We furthermore demonstrated that ClO2 and free chlorine act by a similar mechanism, in that they mainly inhibit the binding of echovirus 11 to its host cell. As such, viruses with host binding mechanisms that can withstand ClO2 treatment were also better able to withstand oxidation by free chlorine. Conversely, the UV-resistant population was not significantly cross-resistant to any other disinfection treatment. Overall, our results indicate that viruses with resistance to multiple disinfectants exist, but that they can be controlled by inactivating methods that operate by a distinctly different mechanism. We therefore suggest to utilize two disinfection barriers that act by different mechanisms in order to control disinfection-resistant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Zhong
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Carratalà
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rachele Ossola
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Bachmann
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tamar Kohn
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zhong Q, Carratalà A, Shim H, Bachmann V, Jensen JD, Kohn T. Resistance of Echovirus 11 to ClO 2 Is Associated with Enhanced Host Receptor Use, Altered Entry Routes, and High Fitness. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10746-10755. [PMID: 28837336 PMCID: PMC5607461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne viruses can exhibit resistance to common water disinfectants, yet the mechanisms that allow them to tolerate disinfection are poorly understood. Here, we generated echovirus 11 (E11) with resistance to chlorine dioxide (ClO2) by experimental evolution, and we assessed the associated genotypic and phenotypic traits. ClO2 resistance emerged after E11 populations were repeatedly reduced (either by ClO2-exposure or by dilution) and then regrown in cell culture. The resistance was linked to an improved capacity of E11 to bind to its host cells, which was further attributed to two potential causes: first, the resistant E11 populations possessed mutations that caused amino acid substitutions from ClO2-labile to ClO2-stable residues in the viral proteins, which likely increased the chemical stability of the capsid toward ClO2. Second, resistant E11 mutants exhibited the capacity to utilize alternative cell receptors for host binding. Interestingly, the emergence of ClO2 resistance resulted in an enhanced replicative fitness compared to the less resistant starting population. Overall this study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism underlying disinfection resistance in waterborne viruses, and processes that drive resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Zhong
- Laboratory
of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Carratalà
- Laboratory
of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hyunjin Shim
- Jensen Lab, School
of Life Sciences, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Bachmann
- Laboratory
of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey D. Jensen
- Jensen Lab, School
of Life Sciences, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tamar Kohn
- Laboratory
of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Electrochemical treatment of water containing chlorides under non-ideal flow conditions with BDD anodes. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-011-0274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hornstra LM, Smeets PWMH, Medema GJ. Inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 upon exposure to very low concentrations of chlorine dioxide. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:1847-1855. [PMID: 21176939 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of very low concentrations of ClO(2) applied in drinking water practice on the inactivation of bacteriophage MS2. Concentrations of 0.5 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L ClO(2) inactivated at least 5 log units of MS2 after an exposure time of approximately 20, 50 and 300 min respectively. When the ClO(2) concentration was as low as 0.005 mg/L, inactivation of 1 log unit MS2 was observed after 300 min exposure. Increasing the contact time to 24 h did not increase the inactivation any further. Non-linear inactivation kinetics (tailing) were observed for all conditions tested. Repeated addition of MS2 to the reactor showed that tailing was not caused by a reduction of the biocidal effect of ClO(2) during disinfection. The Modified Chick-Watson, the Efficiency Factor Hom (EFH) model and the Modified Cerf model, a modification of the two-fraction Cerf model, were fitted to the non-linear inactivation curves. Both the EFH and the modified Cerf model did fit accurately to the inactivation data of all experiments. The good fit of the Modified Cerf model supports the hypothesis of the presence of two subpopulations. Our study showed that ClO(2) is an effective disinfectant against model organism MS2, also at the low concentrations applied in water treatment practice. The inactivation kinetics followed a biphasic pattern due to the presence of a more ClO(2)-resistant subpopulation of MS2 phages, either caused by population heterogeneity or aggregation/adhesion of MS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Hornstra
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
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Sorlini S, Gialdini F. Conventional oxidation treatments for the removal of arsenic with chlorine dioxide, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate and monochloramine. WATER RESEARCH 2010; 44:5653-9. [PMID: 20638704 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is widespread in soils, water and air. In natural water the main forms are arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)). The consumption of water containing high concentration of arsenic produces serious effects on human health, like skin and lung cancer. In Italy, Legislative Decree 2001/31 reduced the limit of arsenic from 50 to 10 μg/L, in agreement with the European Directive 98/83/EC. As consequence, many drinking water treatment plant companies needed to upgrade the existing plants where arsenic was previously removed or to build up new plants for arsenic removal when this contaminant was not previously a critical parameter. Arsenic removal from water may occur through the precipitation with iron or aluminum salts, adsorption on iron hydroxide or granular activated alumina (AA), reverse osmosis and ion exchange (IE). Some of the above techniques, especially precipitation, adsorption with AA and IE, can reach good arsenic removal yields only if arsenic is oxidized. The aim of the present work is to investigate the efficiency of the oxidation of As(III) by means of four conventional oxidants (chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate and monochloramine) with different test conditions: different type of water (demineralised and real water), different pH values (5.7-6-7 and 8) and different doses of chemicals. The arsenic oxidation yields were excellent with potassium permanganate, very good with hypochlorite and low with monochloramine. These results were observed both on demineralised and real water for all the tested reagents with the exception of chlorine dioxide that showed a better arsenic oxidation on real groundwater than demineralised water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sorlini
- Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture, Land and Environment, University of Brescia, via Branze, 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Pepich BV, Dattilio TA, Fair PS, Munch DJ, Gordon G, Körtvélyesi Z. An improved colorimetric method for chlorine dioxide and chlorite ion in drinking water using lissamine green B and horseradish peroxidase. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 596:37-45. [PMID: 17616237 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lissamine Green B (LGB) was carefully selected as a potential candidate for the development of a new U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) method that is intended for use at water utilities to determine chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in drinking water. Chlorine dioxide reacts with LGB in aqueous solution to decrease the absorbance of LGB in direct proportion to the ClO2 concentration. LGB was confirmed to have adequate sensitivity, and to suffer less interference than other dyes reported in the literature. The stoichiometry for the reaction between LGB and ClO2 was found not to be 1:1 and is dependent on the LGB concentration. This required calibration of each LGB stock solution and prompted the investigation of alternate means of calibration, which utilized a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed conversion of chlorite ion (ClO2(-)) to ClO2. This approach allowed the simultaneous determination of ClO2(-) concentration, which is also required each day at water plants that use ClO2. Studies were conducted to characterize and carefully optimize the HRP-conversion of ClO2(-) to ClO2 in order to yield reaction conditions that could be accomplished in less than 30 min at modest cost, yet meet EPA's sensitivity and robustness requirements for routine monitoring. An assessment of method detection limit, linearity and slope (or sensitivity), precision, and accuracy in finished drinking water matrices indicated that this approach was suitable for publication as EPA Method 327.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry V Pepich
- Shaw Environmental, Inc., 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
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Abstract
AbstractThe present study reviews more than twenty years (1985-present) of published research on the development and application of analytical procedures for the determination of chlorine dioxide, a widely used disinfectant and bleaching agent. The review covers a variety of techniques including batch and automated spectrophotometry and fluorimetry, electroanalysis and chromatography. The analytical figures of merit to the methods are presented, while critical discussion regarding their advantages and disadvantages is addressed.
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Gas-diffusion flow injection assay for the selective determination of chlorine dioxide based on the fluorescence quenching of chromotropic acid. Microchem J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kang X, Fan X. The Use of Naphthol Green for the Determination of Chlorine Dioxide in Water. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120021556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ingrand V, Guinamant J, Bruchet A, Brosse C, Noij T, Brandt A, Sacher F, McLeod C, Elwaer A, Croué J, Quevauviller P. Determination of bromate in drinking water: development of laboratory and field methods. Trends Analyt Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-9936(01)00113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang G, Chen H, Yuan L. NEW METHOD FOR THE FLOW INJECTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF LOW CONCENTRATION CHLORINE DIOXIDE IN WATER USING METHYLENE BLUE. ANAL LETT 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/al-100107530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Chen H, Fang Y, Yuan L, An T. An on-line determination of chlorine dioxide using chlorophenol red by gas diffusion flow-injection analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2728(1999)11:3<157::aid-lra6>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Bhindi AK, Chiswell B. Method based on Chelex-100 ion-exchange resin for the removal of chlorine interference in the determination of chlorite ion. Anal Chim Acta 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(92)85162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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