1
|
Golikov A, Malakhova I, Privar Y, Parotkina Y, Bratskaya S. Extended Rate Constant Distribution Model for Sorption in Heterogeneous Systems: 3. From Batch to Fixed-Bed Application and Predictive Modeling. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Golikov
- Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, 159, prosp.100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Irina Malakhova
- Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, 159, prosp.100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Yuliya Privar
- Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, 159, prosp.100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Yuliya Parotkina
- Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, 159, prosp.100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Svetlana Bratskaya
- Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, 159, prosp.100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Golikov A, Malakhova I, Azarova Y, Eliseikina M, Privar Y, Bratskaya S. Extended Rate Constant Distribution Model for Sorption in Heterogeneous Systems. 1: Application to Kinetics of Metal Ion Sorption on Polyethyleneimine Cryogels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Golikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, prosp. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Irina Malakhova
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, prosp. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Yuliya Azarova
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, prosp. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Marina Eliseikina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 17, Palchevskogo Street, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Yuliya Privar
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, prosp. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Svetlana Bratskaya
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, prosp. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang H, Ni Y, Zheng J, Huang Z, Xiao D, Aono T. Low-temperature fusion using NH4HSO4 and NH4HF2 for rapid determination of Pu in soil and sediment samples. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1050:71-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Singh M, Garg VK, Gautam YP, Kumar A. Soil to rice grain transfer factor and radiological dose of 137Cs and 90Sr around Narora Atomic Power Station (NAPS), Narora, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-3939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
5
|
Singh M, Garg VK, Gautam YP, Kumar A. Transfer factor of 137Cs from soil to wheat grains and dosimetry around Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
6
|
Alhajji E, Al-Masri MS, Al-Hamwi A, Al-Haleem MA, Hassan M, Mamish S, Al-Kharfan K, Khalily H, Alkhatib Y, Sheaib Z. Monitoring of ¹³⁷Cs fallout in Syrian environment. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 93:370-374. [PMID: 25063371 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents measurements of cesium 137 ((137)Cs) in the Syrian environment during the period between 2006 and 2010. More than 1,000 samples of soil, water, plants and aquatic life were collected from different locations. The measurements were realized using gamma spectroscopy, and the results showed that radioactivity concentrations were low overall. Concentrations ranged from below detection limits to several tens Bq kg(-1) (dry matter) or 9.8 mBq L(-1) (water), which were well below maximum allowable levels in food or drinking water as established according to Syrian national standards or the WHO/FAO Codex guidelines. However, high (137)Cs activity levels were observed in soil samples collected at a high elevation (Kadmous highs), where a mean concentration of 1,900 Bq kg(-1) was obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Alhajji
- Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kumar A, Rout S, Chopra MK, Mishra DG, Singhal RK, Ravi PM, Tripathi RM. Modeling of 137Cs migration in cores of marine sediments of Mumbai Harbor Bay. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Orzeł J, Komosa A. Study on the rate of plutonium vertical migration in various soil types of Lublin region (Eastern Poland). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013; 299:643-649. [PMID: 26224953 PMCID: PMC4513979 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Soil contamination level with 239+240Pu of Lublin region was determined using the alpha spectrometric method. Results were compared with similar data from the study performed 15 year earlier. Decrease in total 239+240Pu concentration and reducing quantity of Chernobyl fraction (up to almost negligible value of 1 %) has been observed in upper soil layer. Determination of 239+240Pu concentration in soil profile layers allows calculating a vertical migration velocity of plutonium applying a compartment migration model. It was found that 239+240Pu migration rate varies depending on soil type from 0.29 cm year-1 in Podsols to 0.58 cm year-1 in Fluvisols with mean value of 0.5 cm year-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Orzeł
- Department of Radiochemistry and Colloid Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Komosa
- Department of Radiochemistry and Colloid Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kirchner G, Steiner M, Zähringer M. A new approach to estimate nuclide ratios from measurements with activities close to background. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2009; 100:484-488. [PMID: 19380185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of low-level radioactivity often give results of the order of the detection limit. For many applications, interest is not only in estimating activity concentrations of a single radioactive isotope, but focuses on multi-isotope analyses, which often enable inference on the source of the activity detected (e.g. from activity ratios). Obviously, such conclusions become questionable if the measurement merely gives a detection limit for a specific isotope. This is particularly relevant if the presence of an isotope, which shows a low signal only (e.g. due to a short half-life or a small transition probability), is crucial for gaining the information of interest. This paper discusses a new approach which has the potential to solve these problems. Using Bayesian statistics, a method is presented which allows statistical inference on nuclide ratios taking into account both prior knowledge and all information collected from the measurements. It is shown that our method allows quantitative conclusion to be drawn if counts of single isotopes are low or become even negative after background subtraction. Differences to the traditional statistical approach of specifying decision thresholds or detection limits are highlighted. Application of this new approach is illustrated by a number of examples of environmental low-level radioactivity measurements. The capabilities of our approach for spectrum interpretation and source identification are demonstrated with real spectra from air filters, sewage sludge and soil samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Kirchner
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
McClellan Y, August RA, Gosz JR, Gann S, Parmenter RR, Windsor M. Vertical distribution, migration rates, and model comparison of actinium in a semi-arid environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2006; 86:199-211. [PMID: 16243414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2004] [Revised: 07/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Vertical soil characterization and migration of radionuclides were investigated at four radioactively contaminated sites on Kirtland Air Force Base (KAFB), New Mexico to determine the vertical downward migration of radionuclides in a semi-arid environment. The surface soils (0-15 cm) were intentionally contaminated with Brazilian sludge (containing (232)Thorium and other radionuclides) approximately 40 years ago, in order to simulate the conditions resulting from a nuclear weapons accident. Site grading consisted of manually raking or machine disking the sludge. The majority of the radioactivity was found in the top 15 cm of soil, with retention ranging from 69 to 88%. Two models, a compartment diffusion model and leach rate model, were evaluated to determine their capabilities and limitations in predicting radionuclide behavior. The migration rates of actinium were calculated with the diffusion compartment and the leach rate models for all sites, and ranged from 0.009 to 0.1 cm/yr increasing with depth. The migration rates calculated with the leach rate models were similar to those using the diffusion compartment model and did not increase with depth (0.045-0.076, 0.0 cm/yr). The research found that the physical and chemical properties governing transport processes of water and solutes in soil provide a valid radionuclide transport model. The evaluation also showed that the physical model has fewer limitations and may be more applicable to this environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y McClellan
- Sandia National Laboratories, Mail Stop 0748, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fernandez JM, Piault E, Macouillard D, Juncos C. Forty years of 90Sr in situ migration: importance of soil characterization in modeling transport phenomena. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2006; 87:209-26. [PMID: 16430998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2005] [Revised: 08/29/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In 1960 experiments were carried out on the transfer of (90)Sr between soil, grapes and wine. The experiments were conducted in situ on a piece of land limited by two control strips. The (90)Sr migration over the last 40 years was studied by performing radiological and physico-chemical characterizations of the soil on eight 70 cm deep cores. The vertical migration modeling of (90)Sr required the definition of a triple layer conceptual model integrating the rainwater infiltration at constant flux as the only external factor of influence. Afterwards the importance of a detailed soil characterization for modeling was discussed and satisfactory simulation of the (90)Sr vertical transport was obtained and showed a calculated migration rate of about 1.0 cm year(-1) in full agreement with the in situ measured values. The discussion was regarding some of the key parameters such as granulometry, organic matter content (in the Van Genuchten parameter determination), Kd and the efficient rainwater infiltration. Besides the experimental data, simplifying assumptions in modeling such as water-soil redistribution calculation and factual discontinuities in conceptual model were examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Fernandez
- CEA-Cadarache, DTN/SMTM/LMTE, BP 1, 13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hrabovskyy V, Dzendzelyuk O, Katerynchuk I, Furgala Y. Monitoring of radionuclides contamination of soils in Shatsk National Natural Park (Volyn region, Ukraine) during 1994-2001. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2004; 72:25-33. [PMID: 15162852 DOI: 10.1016/s0265-931x(03)00182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The results of studies of radionuclide contamination of the soils in the western part of the territory of Shatsk National Natural Park (ShNNP), Volyn region, Ukraine, performed during 1994-2001 are presented. Based on the experimental results, the three-dimensional plot of the 137Cs density contamination for the soils at the territory under investigation has been constructed. The monitoring during 1994-2001 of the 137Cs vertical distributions in the different kinds of soils from the Park and the forecasting of the distribution changes of the depth down to 50 cm for the sod loamy sandy gleyed loamy sand soil of the Park up to 2086 have been performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Hrabovskyy
- Department of Physics, Ivan Franko Lviv National University, 19 Dragomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bossew P, Kirchner G. Modelling the vertical distribution of radionuclides in soil. Part 1: the convection-dispersion equation revisited. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2004; 73:127-150. [PMID: 15023444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2003.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2003] [Revised: 07/29/2003] [Accepted: 08/19/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The convective-dispersive transport and linear sorption model is discussed for the vertical migration of radionuclides in soil. An alternative procedure of solving the corresponding system of partial differential equations is presented as well as the special solution for the pulse-like fallout initial condition. Idealizations and simplifications of the model and properties of the solution are discussed. The model is fitted to a set of 528 measured radionuclide soil profiles and the resulting model parameters, apparent convection velocity v and apparent dispersion constant D, are evaluated statistically. Typical orders of magnitude of the velocities and the diffusion constants of Chernobyl-134Cs are 0.3 cm/year and 0.3 cm2/year, respectively. The mobilities of the radionuclides are ranked as 137Cs (global fallout) < 134Cs < 106Ru, 125Sb. Significant regional differences (related to different soils and geological properties below ground) of v and D exist. These analyses also indicate that v and D are not mere fitting parameters, but can be given a real physical interpretation. While in most cases, the convection-dispersion equation (CDE) model produces good descriptions for near-surface soil layers, potentially important limitations are its failure to describe "young" profiles shortly after fallout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Bossew
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Szerbin P, Koblinger-Bokori E, Koblinger L, Végvári I, Ugron A. Caesium-137 migration in Hungarian soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 1999; 227:215-227. [PMID: 10231984 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of 137Cs activity concentration has been measured in soils from 19 Hungarian counties. The levels of soil contamination in Hungary after the Chernobyl fallout are sufficient to study the vertical distribution of the 137Cs under natural conditions. Samples were taken layer by layer on plain, grassy and uncultivated fields down to a depth of 20 cm. The results show that radiocaesium migrates very slowly in the soils investigated. The 137Cs concentration peaks in almost all of the soils remain in the top 5 cm layer, but the distribution patterns are different. Variations in diffusion, sorption-desorption, and complexing processes, plant uptake and plant- and animal-originated mechanical changes result in the formation of site-specific radionuclide distribution profiles. On the basis of the experimental data a model has been developed for the long-term prediction of the 137Cs migration. By application of an applied diffusion-convection model the results can be well fitted, the initial deposition can be calculated and the data can be used for the long-term prediction of the 137Cs distribution profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Szerbin
- Fredéric Joliot-Curie' National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Friberg I. Development and application of a method for the determination of90Sr in environmental samples. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02063624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
17
|
Radiochemical contamination of bottom sediments of some natural and artificial lakes of Middle East Poland. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02034853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
18
|
Neutron activation analysis for determination of trace elements in sediments in the Sea of Galilee, Israel. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02055414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
19
|
Strebl F, Gerzabek MH, Karg V, Tataruch F. 137Cs-migration in soils and its transfer to roe deer in an Austrian forest stand. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 1996; 181:237-247. [PMID: 8820439 DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(95)05023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The depth distribution of 137Cs in an Austrian spruce forest stand was investigated in soil profiles sampled in thin layers (2 cm) and in pooled soil samples over an area of 200 ha. The 137Cs concentrations both from Chernobyl and global fallout decrease exponentially with depth. Forty-six percent of Chernobyl-derived caesium and 26% from global fallout are still to be found in the litter layer; <3% (for global fallout 6%) have reached layers deeper than 20 cm of mineral soil. Correlation analysis showed a significant dependence of 137Cs content in samples on organic matter as well as cation exchange capacity. Using a compartment model, average residence half-times of 5.3, 9.9, 1.78 and 0.8 years were calculated for the layers litter, 0-5 (Ah1), 5-10 (Ah2) and 10-20 cm (A/B) of mineral soil, respectively. Using the model predictions of soil contamination as a basis and considering the roe deer forage plants' rooting depths, the development of 137Cs contamination of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) (1987-1993) was well described by applying an aggregated transfer factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Strebl
- Austrian Research Centre Seibersdorf GmbH., Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|