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Synthesis, crystal structures and electrochemical properties of ferrocenyl imidazole derivatives. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02580. [PMID: 31692585 PMCID: PMC6806399 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Six ferrocenyl imidazole derivatives substituted with -Cl, -NO2 and -CH3 on the 2-position of the 1H-imidazole ring have been synthesized. Of the six compounds, the di-substituted ferrocenes, i.e. compounds 4 (1,1′-ferrocenylmethyl(2-chloroimidazole)), 5 (1,1′-ferrocenyl(2-nitroimidazole)), and 6 (1,1′-ferrocenylmethyl(2-methylimidazole)) are reported for the first time. The structure-property relationships of compounds 4, 5 and 6 were investigated by means of UV-visible, FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and electrochemical studies. UV-visible analysis in acetonitrile showed that the π -π* band of compounds 2 (1-ferrocenylmethyl(2-nitroimidazole)) and 5 appeared at longer wavelength compared to 1 (1-ferrocenylmethyl(2-chloroimidazole)), 3 (1-ferrocenylmethyl(2-methylimidazole)), 4 and 6. This phenomenon is due to the different electronics around the imidazole moieties. In cyclic voltammetry analysis, all compounds exhibited a quasi-reversible redox wave for the ferrocenyl and imidazole moieties. Density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations with the B3LYP/6-311+G(d) basis set were performed on compounds 1–6, and the calculated HUMO-LUMO band gap energies correlated with those obtained from electrochemical and spectroscopic data. The X-ray crystallographic analysis highlighted the effect of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents on the conformation of the cyclopentadienyl rings attached to the ferrocenyl moiety.
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2
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Garcia J, Addison JB, Liu SZ, Lu S, Faulkner AL, Hodur BM, Balmond EI, Or VW, Yun JH, Trevino K, Shen B, Shaw JT, Frank NL, Louie AY. Antioxidant Sensing by Spiropyrans: Substituent Effects and NMR Spectroscopic Studies. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6799-6809. [PMID: 31284715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of stimuli-responsive small molecules for probing biologically active antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) has important ramifications in the detection of oxidative stress. An ideal sensor for biological applications should exhibit sufficient sensitivity and selectivity for detection at physiological concentrations and be reversible to allow continuous and dynamic monitoring of antioxidant levels. Designing a suitable sensor thus requires a detailed understanding of activation properties and mechanism of action. In this work, we report a new set of GSH-responsive spiropyrans and demonstrate how changes in the electronic structure of spiropyrans influence GSH sensing with high specificity versus other structurally similar and biologically relevant redox-active molecules. The sensitivity, selectivity, kinetics, binding constant, and reversibility of GSH-responsive-substituted spiropyrans were investigated using UV-vis spectroscopy and laser irradiation experiments. Detailed studies of the mechanism of interaction between spiropyrans with GSH were investigated using NMR spectroscopy. Understanding how electronic effects impact the sensing ability of spiropyrans toward antioxidants and elucidating the mechanism of the spiropyran-GSH interaction will facilitate the design of more effective sensors for detection of antioxidants in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Garcia
- Chemistry Department , De La Salle University , 2401 Taft Avenue , 1004 Manila , Philippines
| | | | | | - Samuel Lu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8 V 2Y2 , Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Natia L Frank
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8 V 2Y2 , Canada
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Moncelsi G, Ballester P. Photoswitchable Host‐Guest Systems Incorporating Hemithioindigo and Spiropyran Units. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Moncelsi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Universitat Rovira i VirgiliDepartament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica c/Marcel⋅lí Domingo, 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Passeig Lluís Companys, 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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Linares Mendez IJ, Pleizier JS, Wang HB, Wisner JA. 1
H NMR-based method for the determination of complexation equilibrium parameters and chemical shifts in a hydrogen-bonded system with dynamic composition. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iamnica J. Linares Mendez
- Department of Chemistry; Western University; London ON Canada
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Jianghan University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | | | - Hong-Bo Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Western University; London ON Canada
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Jianghan University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - James A. Wisner
- Department of Chemistry; Western University; London ON Canada
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Jianghan University; Wuhan Hubei China
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Inkpen MS, White AJP, Albrecht T, Long NJ. Rapid Sonogashira cross-coupling of iodoferrocenes and the unexpected cyclo-oligomerization of 4-ethynylphenylthioacetate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5663-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Synthesis, metal ion binding, and photochromic properties of benzo- and naphthopyrans annelated by crown ether moieties. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li Y, Duan Y, Li J, Zheng J, Yu H, Yang R. Simultaneous Nucleophilic-Substituted and Electrostatic Interactions for Thermal Switching of Spiropyran: A New Approach for Rapid and Selective Colorimetric Detection of Thiol-Containing Amino Acids. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4732-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac203494e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Abstract
This critical review focuses on the development of photochromic compounds as sensors for cations, anions, and biologically important molecules. The review commences with a brief description of photochromism and the strategies to exploit photochromic molecular switches' properties for sensing application. This is followed by a summary of photoswitchable receptors emerged to date and classified according to the photochromic structure they are based on. These include azobenzenes, fulgides, dithienylethenes, dihydroindolizines, chromenes and spiropyrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Natali
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Chemistry, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Natali M, Giordani S. Interaction studies between photochromic spiropyrans and transition metal cations: the curious case of copper. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1162-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06375h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shiraishi Y, Adachi K, Itoh M, Hirai T. Spiropyran as a Selective, Sensitive, and Reproducible Cyanide Anion Receptor. Org Lett 2009; 11:3482-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shiraishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kenichi Adachi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masataka Itoh
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hirai
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
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Voloshin NA, Chernyshev AV, Bezuglyi SO, Metelitsa AV, Voloshina EN, Minkin VI. Spiropyrans and spirooxazines. Russ Chem Bull 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-008-0022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Chernyshev AV, Metelitsa AV, Gaeva EB, Voloshin NA, Borodkin GS, Minkin VI. Photo- and thermochromic cation sensitive spiro[indoline-pyridobenzopyrans]. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Liu Y, Fan M, Zhang S, Sheng X, Yao J. Basic amino acid induced isomerization of a spiropyran: towards visual recognition of basic amino acids in water. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b713247f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Inouye M, Ikeda R, Takase M, Tsuri T, Chiba J. Single-nucleotide polymorphism detection with "wire-like" DNA probes that display quasi "on-off" digital action. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:11606-10. [PMID: 16087881 PMCID: PMC1183446 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0502078102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing a reliable genotyping protocol is a critical matter in post-sequence genetics. In this article, we describe a highly sensitive electrochemical detection of complementary DNAs (up to 43-mer) based on hole transport with molecular-scale, "wire-like" DNA probes. The presence of a single-base mismatch in the DNA duplexes caused a dramatic decrease in the electrochemical response. We applied this method to detect all of the possible transition and transversion SNPs and achieved "on-off"-type discrimination of fully complementary DNAs from their SNPs. Furthermore, naturally occurring polymorphisms, "hot spots" from the p53 gene, could clearly be distinguished from wild type by using our methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Inouye
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan.
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Barriga S, Marcos CF, Riant O, Torroba T. Synthesis of poly-ferrocene heterocycles by cycloaddition of mono- or bis(ferrocenecarbonyl)acetylenes and bis[1,2]dithiolo[1,4]thiazinethiones. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Štěpnička P, Císařová I. Hydrogen bonding and self-assembly in the crystal structures of ferrocenylmethanol derivatives having different phosphorus substituents on the ferrocene unit. NEW J CHEM 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b204655p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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