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Dupont J, Leal BC, Lozano P, Monteiro AL, Migowski P, Scholten JD. Ionic Liquids in Metal, Photo-, Electro-, and (Bio) Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5227-5420. [PMID: 38661578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have unique physicochemical properties that make them advantageous for catalysis, such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability, high thermal and chemical stabilities, and the ability to enhance the activity and stability of (bio)catalysts. ILs can improve the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of bio(transformations) by acting as activators of enzymes, selectively dissolving substrates and products, and reducing toxicity. They can also be recycled and reused multiple times without losing their effectiveness. ILs based on imidazolium cation are preferred for structural organization aspects, with a semiorganized layer surrounding the catalyst. ILs act as a container, providing a confined space that allows modulation of electronic and geometric effects, miscibility of reactants and products, and residence time of species. ILs can stabilize ionic and radical species and control the catalytic activity of dynamic processes. Supported IL phase (SILP) derivatives and polymeric ILs (PILs) are good options for molecular engineering of greener catalytic processes. The major factors governing metal, photo-, electro-, and biocatalysts in ILs are discussed in detail based on the vast literature available over the past two and a half decades. Catalytic reactions, ranging from hydrogenation and cross-coupling to oxidations, promoted by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in both single and multiphase conditions, are extensively reviewed and discussed considering the knowledge accumulated until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairton Dupont
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Bárbara C Leal
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adriano L Monteiro
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Migowski
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Jackson D Scholten
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
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2
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Silica-Based Supported Ionic Liquid-like Phases as Heterogeneous Catalysts. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185900. [PMID: 36144636 PMCID: PMC9500683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Supported ionic liquid phases offer several advantages related with catalysis. Immobilization of ionic liquid on the solid support provides catalytic activity or efficient matrix for active phases, as enzymes or metal compounds. Ionic liquid can be physically adsorbed on the carrier (supported ionic liquid phase) or chemically grafted to the material surface (supported ionic liquid-like phase). The use of supported ionic liquid phases improves mass transport, reduces ionic amount in the process and, most importantly, enables effortless catalyst separation and recycling. Moreover, chemical modification of the surface material with ionic liquid prevents its leaching, enhancing length of catalyst life. Silica-based materials have become an effective and powerful matrix for supported ionic liquid-like phase due to its cost-efficiency, presence of hydroxyl groups on the surface enabling its functionalization, and specific material properties, such as the size and shapes of the pores. For these reasons, supported ionic liquid-like phase silica-based materials are successfully used in the organic catalysis.
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3
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Al‐Barghouti KS, Scurto AM. Thermal Conductivity of the Ionic Liquid [
HMIm
][
Tf
2
N
] with Compressed Carbon Dioxide. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim S. Al‐Barghouti
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA
| | - Aaron M. Scurto
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA
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4
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Rodrigues RC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Carballares D, Morellon-Sterling R, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Stabilization of enzymes via immobilization: Multipoint covalent attachment and other stabilization strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 52:107821. [PMID: 34455028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of enzymes in industrial processes requires the improvement of their features in many instances. Enzyme immobilization, a requirement to facilitate the recovery and reuse of these water-soluble catalysts, is one of the tools that researchers may utilize to improve many of their properties. This review is focused on how enzyme immobilization may improve enzyme stability. Starting from the stabilization effects that an enzyme may experience by the mere fact of being inside a solid particle, we detail other possibilities to stabilize enzymes: generation of favorable enzyme environments, prevention of enzyme subunit dissociation in multimeric enzymes, generation of more stable enzyme conformations, or enzyme rigidification via multipoint covalent attachment. In this last point, we will discuss the features of an "ideal" immobilization protocol to maximize the intensity of the enzyme-support interactions. The most interesting active groups in the support (glutaraldehyde, epoxide, glyoxyl and vinyl sulfone) will be also presented, discussing their main properties and uses. Some instances in which the number of enzyme-support bonds is not directly related to a higher stabilization will be also presented. Finally, the possibility of coupling site-directed mutagenesis or chemical modification to get a more intense multipoint covalent immobilization will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Rodrigues
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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5
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Ionic Liquids for Development of Heterogeneous Catalysts Based on Nanomaterials for Biocatalysis. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082030. [PMID: 34443861 PMCID: PMC8399483 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of effective methods of enzyme stabilization is key for the evolution of biocatalytic processes. An interesting approach combines the stabilization process of proteins in ionic liquids and the immobilization of the active phase on the solid support. As a result, stable, active and heterogeneous biocatalysts are obtained. There are several benefits associated with heterogeneous processes, as easy separation of the biocatalyst from the reaction mixture and the possibility of recycling. Accordingly, this work focused on the supported ionic liquid phases as the efficient enzyme stabilization carriers, and their application in both continuous flow and batch biocatalytic processes.
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6
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Imam HT, Krasňan V, Rebroš M, Marr AC. Applications of Ionic Liquids in Whole-Cell and Isolated Enzyme Biocatalysis. Molecules 2021; 26:4791. [PMID: 34443378 PMCID: PMC8399596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids have unique chemical properties that have fascinated scientists in many fields. The effects of adding ionic liquids to biocatalysts are many and varied. The uses of ionic liquids in biocatalysis include improved separations and phase behaviour, reduction in toxicity, and stabilization of protein structures. As the ionic liquid state of the art has progressed, concepts of what can be achieved in biocatalysis using ionic liquids have evolved and more beneficial effects have been discovered. In this review ionic liquids for whole-cell and isolated enzyme biocatalysis will be discussed with an emphasis on the latest developments, and a look to the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Tanvir Imam
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK;
| | - Vladimír Krasňan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Martin Rebroš
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Andrew Craig Marr
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK;
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Aldroubi S, Brun N, Bou Malham I, Mehdi A. When graphene meets ionic liquids: a good match for the design of functional materials. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2750-2779. [PMID: 33533392 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06871c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is an attractive material that is characterized by its exceptional properties (i.e. electrical, mechanical, thermal, optical, etc.), which have pushed researchers to attach high interest to its production and functionalization processes to meet applications in different fields (electronics, electromagnetics, composites, sensors, energy storage, etc.). The synthesis (bottom-up) of graphene remains long and laborious, at the same time expensive, and it is limited to the development of this material in low yield. Hence, the use of graphite as a starting material (top-down through exfoliation or oxidation) seems a promising and easy technique for producing a large quantity of graphene or graphene oxide (GO). On the one hand, GO has been extensively studied due to its ease of synthesis, processing and chemical post-functionalization. One the other hand, "pristine" graphene sheets, obtained through exfoliation, are limited in processability but present enhanced electronic properties. Both types of materials have been of great interest to design functional nanomaterials. Ionic liquids (ILs) are task-specific solvents that exhibit tunable physico-chemical properties. ILs have many advantages as compared with conventional solvents, such as high thermal and chemical stability, low volatility, excellent conductivity and inherent polarity. In the last decade, ILs have been widely employed for the preparation and stabilization of various nanomaterials. In particular, the combination of ILs and graphene, including GO and pristine graphene sheets, has been of growing interest for the preparation, processing and functionalization of hybrid nanomaterials. Understanding the structure and properties of the graphene/IL interface has been of considerable interest for a large panel of applications ranging from tribology to energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Aldroubi
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
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8
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Ionic liquids for regulating biocatalytic process: Achievements and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107702. [PMID: 33515671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has found enormous applications in sorts of fields as an alternative to chemical catalysis. In the pursue of green and sustainable chemistry, ionic liquids (ILs) have been considered as promising reaction media for biocatalysis, owing to their unique characteristics, such as nonvolatility, inflammability and tunable properties as regards polarity and water miscibility behavior, compared to organic solvents. In recent years, great developments have been achieved in respects to biocatalysis in ILs, especially for preparing various chemicals. This review tends to give illustrative examples with a focus on representative chemicals production by biocatalyst in ILs and elucidate the possible mechanism in such systems. It also discusses how to regulate the catalytic efficiency from several aspects and finally provides an outlook on the opportunities to broaden biocatalysis in ILs.
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9
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Multi-Combilipases: Co-Immobilizing Lipases with Very Different Stabilities Combining Immobilization via Interfacial Activation and Ion Exchange. The Reuse of the Most Stable Co-Immobilized Enzymes after Inactivation of the Least Stable Ones. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipases A and B from Candida antarctica (CALA and CALB), Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) or Rhizomucor miehei (RML), and the commercial and artificial phospholipase Lecitase ultra (LEU) may be co-immobilized on octyl agarose beads. However, LEU and RML became almost fully inactivated under conditions where CALA, CALB and TLL retained full activity. This means that, to have a five components co-immobilized combi-lipase, we should discard 3 fully active and immobilized enzymes when the other two enzymes are inactivated. To solve this situation, CALA, CALB and TLL have been co-immobilized on octyl-vinyl sulfone agarose beads, coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and the least stable enzymes, RML and LEU have been co-immobilized over these immobilized enzymes. The coating with PEI is even favorable for the activity of the immobilized enzymes. It was checked that RML and LEU could be released from the enzyme-PEI coated biocatalyst, although this also produced some release of the PEI. That way, a protocol was developed to co-immobilize the five enzymes, in a way that the most stable could be reused after the inactivation of the least stable ones. After RML and LEU inactivation, the combi-biocatalysts were incubated in 0.5 M of ammonium sulfate to release the inactivated enzymes, incubated again with PEI and a new RML and LEU batch could be immobilized, maintaining the activity of the three most stable enzymes for at least five cycles of incubation at pH 7.0 and 60 °C for 3 h, incubation on ammonium sulfate, incubation in PEI and co-immobilization of new enzymes. The effect of the order of co-immobilization of the different enzymes on the co-immobilized biocatalyst activity was also investigated using different substrates, finding that when the most active enzyme versus one substrate was immobilized first (nearer to the surface of the particle), the activity was higher than when this enzyme was co-immobilized last (nearer to the particle core).
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10
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An YP, Liu C, Yang J, Guo BB, Xu ZK. Concentrating water-soluble ionic liquids from aqueous solutions: Osmotic distillation with hydrophobic membranes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Zhang Y, Xu X. Solubility predictions through LSBoost for supercritical carbon dioxide in ionic liquids. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03868g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The LSBoost model is developed to predict the solubility of supercritical carbon dioxide in 24 ionic liquids by using critical properties and biphasic system parameters as descriptors. The model is highly accurate and stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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12
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Wang B, He Q, Shu L, Yang F, Liang G, Liu W. Efficient asymmetric hydrolysis of styrene oxide by Mung bean epoxide hydrolases in a supercritical CO2/buffer biphasic system. J CO2 UTIL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Abstract
In this tutorial review we describe a holistic approach to the invention, development and optimisation of biotransformations utilising isolated enzymes. Increasing attention to applied biocatalysis is motivated by its numerous economic and environmental benefits. Biocatalysis engineering concerns the development of enzymatic systems as a whole, which entails engineering its different components: substrate engineering, medium engineering, protein (enzyme) engineering, biocatalyst (formulation) engineering, biocatalytic cascade engineering and reactor engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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14
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Lee C, Sandig B, Buchmeiser MR, Haumann M. Supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) facilitated gas-phase enzyme catalysis – CALB catalyzed transesterification of vinyl propionate. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy00089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) technology has been used to immobilize Candida Antarctica Lipase B (CALB) within a hybrid monolith.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhee Lee
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Bernhard Sandig
- Universität Stuttgart
- Institut für Polymerchemie
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | | | - Marco Haumann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
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15
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Chang P, Zhang Z, Tang S. Lipase-catalyzed Synthesis of Sugar Ester in Mixed Biphasic System of Ionic Liquids and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Chang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of MOE, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Zhixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of MOE, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Shaokun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of MOE, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300350 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300350 China
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16
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Calabria L, Fernandes JA, Migowski P, Bernardi F, Baptista DL, Leal R, Grehl T, Dupont J. Confined naked gold nanoparticles in ionic liquid films. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:18753-18758. [PMID: 29168524 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06167f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Surface-clean Au nanoparticles (NPs) confined in films of ionic liquids (ILs) can be easily fabricated by sputtering deposition. A silicon wafer coated with films of both hydrophobic (bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide, NTf2-) and hydrophilic (tetrafluoroborate, BF4-) imidazolium-based ILs forms an 'ionic carpet-like' structure that can be easily decorated with Au NPs of 5.1 and 6.5 nm mean diameter, respectively. The depth profile distribution of the Au NPs depends on the arrangement of the IL, which is controlled mainly by the anion volume. Higher concentrations of Au NPs are found closer to the IL surface for the system containing a larger anion (NTf2) whereas Au NPs are located deeper in the IL for the system containing a smaller anion (BF4). The Au NPs are well distributed over the IL/Si support and are strictly confined in a single layer of the IL. This method is among the most simple and versatile for the generation of liquid layers containing surface-clean, stable and confined Au NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Calabria
- Institute of Chemistry-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil.
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Kołodziejska R, Studzińska R, Pawluk H. Lipase-catalyzed enantioselective transesterification of prochiral 1-((1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yloxy)methyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione in ionic liquids. Chirality 2017; 30:206-214. [PMID: 29139569 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The application of ionic liquids as solvents for transesterification of prochiral pirymidine acyclonucleoside using lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) Amano PS from Burkholderia cepacia (BCL) is reported. The effect of using medium reaction, acyl group donor, and temperature on the activity and enantioselectivity of BCL was studied. From the investigated ionic solvents, the hydrophobic ionic liquid [BMIM]PF6 ] was the preferred medium for enzymatic reactions. However, the best result was obtained in the mixture [BMIM][PF6 ]:TBME (1:1 v/v) at 50°C. Enzyme activity and selectivity in [BMIM][PF6 ]:TBME (1:1 v/v) was slightly higher in than in conventional organic solvents (for example, TBME), and in this condition, good activity and enantioselectivity were associated with unique properties of ionic liquid such as hydrophobicity and high polarity. Independently of solvents, monester of (R)-configuration was obtained in excess. Under optimal conditions, desymmetrization of the prochiral compound using different acyl donors was performed. If vinyl butyrate was used as the acylating agent, BCL completely selectively acylated enantiotopic hydroxyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kołodziejska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Renata Studzińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Hanna Pawluk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Sheldon
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, PO Wits 2050, South Africa
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section BOC, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - John M. Woodley
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Itoh
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Center for Research
on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
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20
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Shimomura T, Kodama D, Kanakubo M, Tsuzuki S. Solvation Structure of Imidazolium Cation in Mixtures of [C 4mim][TFSA] Ionic Liquid and Diglyme by NMR Measurements and MD Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:2873-2881. [PMID: 28263064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation ([C4mim]+) with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide anion ([TFSA]-) and diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether (diglyme) in mixtures of [C4mim][TFSA] ionic liquid and diglyme have been investigated using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results of NMR chemical shift measurements and MD simulations showed that the diglyme oxygen atoms have contact with the imidazolium hydrogen atoms of [C4mim]+ in the mixtures. The contact between the hydrogen atoms of imidazolium and the oxygen atoms of [TFSA]- remains even when the diglyme mole fraction (xdiglyme) increases up to 0.9. However, the coordination numbers of the hydrogen atoms of [C4mim]+ with oxygen atoms of diglyme increase with xdiglyme. The [TFSA]- anions around [C4mim]+ are not completely replaced by diglyme even at xdiglyme > 0.9. The MD simulations revealed that the diglymes also have contact with the butyl group of [C4mim]+. The methyl groups of diglyme prefer to have contact with the terminal methyl group of the butyl group, whereas the diglyme oxygen atoms prefer to have contact with the methylene group connected to the imidazolium ring of [C4mim]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shimomura
- Department of Chemical Biology and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Nihon University , 1 Nakagawara, Tokusada, Tamura-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8642, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kodama
- Department of Chemical Biology and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Nihon University , 1 Nakagawara, Tokusada, Tamura-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8642, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kanakubo
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 4-2-1 Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 983-8551, Japan
| | - Seiji Tsuzuki
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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21
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Belafriekh A, Secundo F, Serra S, Djeghaba Z. Enantioselective enzymatic resolution of racemic alcohols by lipases in green organic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Kumar A, Bisht M, Venkatesu P. Biocompatibility of ionic liquids towards protein stability: A comprehensive overview on the current understanding and their implications. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:611-651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Zhu D, Gong A, Xu Y, Kinfack Tsabing D, Wu F, Wang J. Isoquercitrin production from rutin catalyzed by naringinase under ultrasound irradiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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24
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Sandig B, Buchmeiser MR. Highly Productive and Enantioselective Enzyme Catalysis under Continuous Supported Liquid-Liquid Conditions Using a Hybrid Monolithic Bioreactor. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:2917-2921. [PMID: 27650312 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-containing ionic liquids (ILs) were immobilized in cellulose-2.5-acetate microbeads particles embedded in a porous monolithic polyurethane matrix. This bioreactor was used under continuous liquid-liquid conditions by dissolving the substrates in a nonpolar organic phase immiscible with the ILs, thereby creating a biphasic system. Lipases (candida antarctica lipase B, CALB, candida rugosa lipase, CRL) were used to catalyze the enantioselective transesterification of racemic (R,S)-1-phenylethanol with vinyl butyrate and vinyl acetate, the esterification of (+/-)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol with propionic anhydride and the amidation of (R,S)-1-phenylethylamine with ethyl methoxyacetate. With this unique setup, very high productivities, that is, turnover numbers (TONs) up to 5.1×106 and space-time yields (STYs) up to 28 g product L-1 h-1 , exceeding the corresponding values for batch-type reactions by a factor of 3100 and 40, respectively, were achieved while maintaining or even enhancing enantioselectivity compared to batch reactions via kinetic resolution. To our best knowledge, this is the first continuously operated bioreactor using supported liquid-liquid conditions that shows these features in the synthesis of chiral esters and amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Sandig
- Institut für Polymerchemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael R Buchmeiser
- Institut für Polymerchemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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25
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Jain A, Jayaraman S, Singh G, Srinivasan M. Single step peroxidase extraction and oxidation of highly concentrated ethanol and phenol aqueous solutions using supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Sheldon RA. Biocatalysis and Biomass Conversion in Alternative Reaction Media. Chemistry 2016; 22:12984-99. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute; School of Chemistry; University of the Witwatersrand; 2050; Johannesburg South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; Julianalaan 136 2628 BL Delft Netherlands
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27
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Goossens K, Lava K, Bielawski CW, Binnemans K. Ionic Liquid Crystals: Versatile Materials. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4643-807. [PMID: 27088310 DOI: 10.1021/cr400334b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This Review covers the recent developments (2005-2015) in the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of thermotropic ionic liquid crystals. It was designed to give a comprehensive overview of the "state-of-the-art" in the field. The discussion is focused on low molar mass and dendrimeric thermotropic ionic mesogens, as well as selected metal-containing compounds (metallomesogens), but some references to polymeric and/or lyotropic ionic liquid crystals and particularly to ionic liquids will also be provided. Although zwitterionic and mesoionic mesogens are also treated to some extent, emphasis will be directed toward liquid-crystalline materials consisting of organic cations and organic/inorganic anions that are not covalently bound but interact via electrostatic and other noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Goossens
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Lava
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christopher W Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Koen Binnemans
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Zanatta M, Girard AL, Marin G, Ebeling G, dos Santos FP, Valsecchi C, Stassen H, Livotto PR, Lewis W, Dupont J. Confined water in imidazolium based ionic liquids: a supramolecular guest@host complex case. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:18297-304. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Traces of water in some ionic liquids can be regarded as a guest@host supramolecular structure even when diluted in solvents with high dielectric constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcileia Zanatta
- Institute of Chemistry
- UFRGS
- Avenida Bento Gonçalves
- 9500 Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - Anne-Lise Girard
- Institute of Chemistry
- UFRGS
- Avenida Bento Gonçalves
- 9500 Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - Graciane Marin
- Institute of Chemistry
- UFRGS
- Avenida Bento Gonçalves
- 9500 Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - Gunter Ebeling
- Institute of Chemistry
- UFRGS
- Avenida Bento Gonçalves
- 9500 Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | | | - Chiara Valsecchi
- Institute of Chemistry
- UFRGS
- Avenida Bento Gonçalves
- 9500 Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - Hubert Stassen
- Institute of Chemistry
- UFRGS
- Avenida Bento Gonçalves
- 9500 Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - Paolo R. Livotto
- Institute of Chemistry
- UFRGS
- Avenida Bento Gonçalves
- 9500 Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Jairton Dupont
- Institute of Chemistry
- UFRGS
- Avenida Bento Gonçalves
- 9500 Porto Alegre
- Brazil
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30
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Primožič M, Kavčič S, Knez Ž, Leitgeb M. Enzyme-catalyzed esterification of d , l -lactic acid in different SCF/IL media. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Solubility of greenhouse and acid gases on the [C4mim][MeSO4] ionic liquid for gas separation and CO2 conversion. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Sandig B, Michalek L, Vlahovic S, Antonovici M, Hauer B, Buchmeiser MR. A Monolithic Hybrid Cellulose-2.5-Acetate/Polymer Bioreactor for Biocatalysis under Continuous Liquid-Liquid Conditions Using a Supported Ionic Liquid Phase. Chemistry 2015; 21:15835-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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A green method for polybutylene succinate recycling: Depolymerization catalyzed by lipase B from Candida antarctica during reactive extrusion. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Långvik O, Sandberg T, Wärnå J, Murzin DY, Leino R. One-pot synthesis of (R)-2-acetoxy-1-indanone from 1,2-indanedione combining metal catalyzed hydrogenation and chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01099j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A heterogeneously catalyzed one-pot reaction for synthesis of (R)-2-acetoxy-1-indanone is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Långvik
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Åbo Akademi University
- FI-20500 Åbo
- Finland
| | - Thomas Sandberg
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Åbo Akademi University
- FI-20500 Åbo
- Finland
| | - Johan Wärnå
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering
- Process Chemistry Centre
- Åbo Akademi University
- FI-20500 Åbo
- Finland
| | - Dmitry Yu. Murzin
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering
- Process Chemistry Centre
- Åbo Akademi University
- FI-20500 Åbo
- Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Åbo Akademi University
- FI-20500 Åbo
- Finland
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Lozano P, Bernal JM, Nieto S, Gomez C, Garcia-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Active biopolymers in green non-conventional media: a sustainable tool for developing clean chemical processes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:17361-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07600e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
By understanding structure–function relationships of active biopolymers (e.g. enzymes and nucleic acids) in green non-conventional media, sustainable chemical processes may be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular “B” e Inmunología
- Facultad de Química
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Mare Nostrum
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Juana M. Bernal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular “B” e Inmunología
- Facultad de Química
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Mare Nostrum
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Susana Nieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular “B” e Inmunología
- Facultad de Química
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Mare Nostrum
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Celia Gomez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular “B” e Inmunología
- Facultad de Química
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Mare Nostrum
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | | | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Universidad Jaume I
- Castellón
- Spain
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36
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Rebocho S, Nunes AV, Najdanovic-Visak V, Barreiros S, Simões P, Paiva A. High pressure vapor–liquid equilibrium for the ternary system ethanol/(±)-menthol/carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Karmee SK, Niemeijer B, Casiraghi L, Mlambo B, Lapkin A, Greiner L. Facile biocatalytic synthesis of a macrocyclic lactone in sub- and supercritical solvents. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2014.893579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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38
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Housaindokht MR, Monhemi H, Hosseini HE, Sadeghi Googheri MS, Najafabadi RI, Ashraf N, Gholizadeh M. It is explored that ionic liquids can be suitable solvents for nitrile hydratase catalyzed reactions: A gift of the molecular modeling for the industry. J Mol Liq 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Seto K, Nakayama T, Uno B. Formal redox potentials of organic molecules in ionic liquids on the basis of quaternary nitrogen cations as adiabatic electron affinities. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:10834-45. [PMID: 24021019 DOI: 10.1021/jp402457k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formal redox potentials E°' involving neutral species R and radical anions R(•-) in ionic liquids (ILs) composed of ammonium, pyridinium, and imidazolium cations are discussed from the point of view of the adiabatic electron affinity as a molecular property. The dependence of the 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ)/BQ(•-) redox process in CH2Cl2 and CH3CN is primarily investigated over a wide concentration range of ILs as the supporting electrolyte. A logarithmic relationship involving a positive shift of E°' with increasing concentration is obtained when the concentration is changed from 0.01 to 1.0 M. The relationship of E°' at IL concentrations greater than 1.0 M gradually reaches a plateau and remains there even for the neat ILs. It is found that the E°' values in the neat ILs are not influenced by the measurement conditions, and that they remain considerably dependent on the nature and concentration of the electrolyte when measured using the traditional method involving molecular solvents combined with a supporting electrolyte (0.1-0.5 M). The difference in the E°' values observed in the ammonium and pyridinium ILs is only several millivolts. In addition, ESR and self-consistent isodensity polarized continuum model calculation results reveal that the potential shift toward positive values upon the transition from molecular solvents containing ILs to neat ILs is adequately accounted for by changes in the electrostatic interaction of R(•-) taken into the cavity composed of the solvent and IL. On the other hand, the first reduction waves of quinones, electron-accepting molecules, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are reversibly or quasi-reversibly observed in the ILs. The electrochemical stability of the ILs is exploited in the facile measurement of these quasi-reversible waves at quite negative potentials, such as for the naphthalene (NP)/NP(•-) couple. Notably, the E°' values obtained in the ammonium ILs correlate well with the calculated standard redox potentials and are linearly fitted with high correlation over all classes of compounds using a single regression equation based on Koopmans' theorem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunimasa Seto
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information, Gifu University , Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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40
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Sahin S, Mäki-Arvela P, Kangas M, Eränen K, Wärnnå J, Salmi T, Murzin DY. Lipase-catalyzed acylation in a continuous down-flow fixed-bed reactor. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158412060092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Enzyme is stabilized by a protection layer of ionic liquids in supercritical CO2: Insights from molecular dynamic simulation. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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An efficient and rapid intramolecular aza-Michael addition of 2′-aminochalcones using ionic liquids as recyclable reaction media. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Ståhlberg T, Woodley JM, Riisager A. Enzymatic isomerization of glucose and xylose in ionic liquids. Catal Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cy00155h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bose S, Barnes CA, Petrich JW. Enhanced stability and activity of cellulase in an ionic liquid and the effect of pretreatment on cellulose hydrolysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 109:434-43. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.23352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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46
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Burguete MI, García-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Efficient and selective chemical transformations under flow conditions: The combination of supported catalysts and supercritical fluids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1347-59. [PMID: 22043246 PMCID: PMC3201049 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the current trends in the combined use of supported catalytic systems, either on solid supports or in liquid phases and supercritical fluids (scFs), to develop selective and enantioselective chemical transformations under continuous and semi-continuous flow conditions. The results presented have been selected to highlight how the combined use of those two elements can contribute to: (i) Significant improvements in productivity as a result of the enhanced diffusion of substrates and reagents through the interfaces favored by the scF phase; (ii) the long term stability of the catalytic systems, which also contributes to the improvement of the final productivity, as the use of an appropriate immobilization strategy facilitates catalyst isolation and reuse; (iii) the development of highly efficient selective or, when applicable, enantioselective chemical transformations. Although the examples reported in the literature and considered in this review are currently confined to a limited number of fields, a significant development in this area can be envisaged for the near future due to the clear advantages of these systems over the conventional ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isabel Burguete
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071-Castellón, Spain
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47
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Exceptional efficiency of palladium nanoparticle catalyzed Heck cross-coupling in binary task specific ionic liquids. CR CHIM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Paiva A, Vidinha P, Angelova M, Rebocho S, Barreiros S, Brunner G. Biocatalytic separation of (R, S)-1-phenylethanol enantiomers and fractionation of reaction products with supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Jutz F, Andanson JM, Baiker A. Ionic liquids and dense carbon dioxide: a beneficial biphasic system for catalysis. Chem Rev 2010; 111:322-53. [PMID: 21053968 DOI: 10.1021/cr100194q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Jutz
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, HCI, Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Pollet P, Hart RJ, Eckert CA, Liotta CL. Organic aqueous tunable solvents (OATS): a vehicle for coupling reactions and separations. Acc Chem Res 2010; 43:1237-45. [PMID: 20565064 DOI: 10.1021/ar100036j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In laboratory-based chemical synthesis, the choice of the solvent and the means of product purification are rarely determined by cost or environmental impact considerations. When a reaction is scaled up for industrial applications, however, these choices are critical: the separation of product from the solvent, starting materials, and byproduct usually constitutes 60-80% of the overall cost of a process. In response, researchers have developed solvents and solvent-handling methods to optimize both the reaction and the subsequent separation steps on the manufacturing scale. These include "switchable" solvents, which are designed so that their physical properties can be changed abruptly, as well as "tunable" solvents, wherein the solvent's properties change continuously through the application of an external stimulus. In this Account, we describe the organic aqueous tunable solvent (OATS) system, examining two instructive and successful areas of application of OATS as well as its clear potential for further refinement. OATS systems address the limitations of biphasic processes by optimizing reactions and separations simultaneously. The reaction is performed homogeneously in a miscible aqueous-organic solvent mixture, such as water-tetrahydrofuran (THF). The efficient product separation is conducted heterogeneously by the simple addition of modest pressures of CO(2) (50-60 bar) to the system. Under these conditions, the water-THF phase splits into two relatively immiscible phases: the organic THF phase contains the hydrophobic product, and the aqueous phase contains the hydrophilic catalyst. We take advantage of the unique properties of OATS to develop environmentally benign and cost-competitive processes relevant in industrial applications. Specifically, we describe the use of OATS for optimizing the reaction, separation, design, and recycling of (i) Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins such as 1-octene and (ii) enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of 2-phenylacetate. We discuss the advantages of these OATS systems over more traditional processes. We also consider future directions that can be taken with these proven systems as well as related innovations that have recently been reported, including the use of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a tunable adjunct in the solvent and the substitution of propane for CO(2) as the external stimulus. OATS systems in fact represent the ultimate goal for a sustainable process, because in an idealized setup there is only reactant coming in and product going out; in principle, there is no waste stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Pollet
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Ryan J. Hart
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Charles A. Eckert
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Charles. L. Liotta
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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