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Rathnayake A, Saboo A, Vangaveti V, Malabu U. Electromechanical therapy in diabetic foot ulcers patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:967-984. [PMID: 37969923 PMCID: PMC10638302 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most devastating and troublesome consequences of diabetes. The current therapies are not always effective because of the complicated aetiology and interactions of local and systemic components in DFU. However, adjunctive therapy (electromechanical therapy) has become the latest modality in recent years, although there is a lack of significant research to support its utilization as a treatment standard. The purpose of this systematic research was to review the literature on the application of electromechanical therapies in the healing of DFUs. Methods For this systematic review, we searched PubMed, Medline, EmBase, the Cochrane library, and Google Scholar for the most current research (1990-2022) on electromechanical therapies for DFUs. We used the PICO method (where P is population, I is intervention, C is comparator/control, and O is outcome for our study) to establish research question with the terms [Electromechanical therapy OR Laser therapy OR photo therapy OR Ultrasound therapy OR Shockwave therapy] AND [diabetic foot ulcers OR diabetes] were used as search criteria. Searches were restricted to English language articles only. Whereas, Cochrane handbook of "Systematic Reviews of Interventions" with critical appraisal for medical and health sciences checklist for systematic review was used for risk of bias assessment. There were 39 publications in this study that were deemed to be acceptable. All the suitably selected studies include 1779 patients. Results The meta-analysis of 15 included research articles showed the overall effect was significant (P = 0.0002) thus supporting experimental groups have improvement in the DFUs healing in comparison to the control group. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed electromechanical treatments are significantly viable options for patients with DFUs. Electromechanical therapy can considerably reduce treatment ineffectiveness, accelerate healing, and minimize the time it takes for complete ulcer healing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01240-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeshmanthe Rathnayake
- Translational Research in Endocrinology and Diabetes, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - Apoorva Saboo
- Translational Research in Endocrinology and Diabetes, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - Venkat Vangaveti
- Translational Research in Endocrinology and Diabetes, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - Usman Malabu
- Translational Research in Endocrinology and Diabetes, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Townsville University Hospital, Douglas, Australia
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Hepburn J, Williams-Lockhart S, Bensadoun RJ, Hanna R. A Novel Approach of Combining Methylene Blue Photodynamic Inactivation, Photobiomodulation and Oral Ingested Methylene Blue in COVID-19 Management: A Pilot Clinical Study with 12-Month Follow-Up. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2211. [PMID: 36358582 PMCID: PMC9686966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus was first recognized in late 2019 and remains a significant threat. We therefore assessed the use of local methylene blue photodynamic viral inactivation (MB-PDI) in the oral and nasal cavities, in combination with the systemic anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions of orally ingested methylene blue (MB) and photobiomodulation (PBM) for COVID-19 disease. The proposed protocol leverages the separate and combined effects of MB and 660nm red light emitted diode (LED) to comprehensively address the pathophysiological sequelae of COVID-19. A total of eight pilot subjects with COVID-19 disease were treated in the Bahamas over the period June 2021-August 2021, using a remote care program that was developed for this purpose. Although not a pre-requisite for inclusion, none of the subjects had received any COVID-19 vaccination prior to commencing the study. Clinical outcome assessment tools included serial cycle threshold measurements as a surrogate estimate of viral load; serial online questionnaires to document symptom response and adverse effects; and a one-year follow-up survey to assess long-term outcomes. All subjects received MB-PDI to target the main sites of viral entry in the nose and mouth. This was the central component of the treatment protocol with the addition of orally ingested MB and/or PBM based on clinical requirements. The mucosal surfaces were irradiated with 660 nm LED in a continuous emission mode at energy density of 49 J/cm2 for PDI and 4.9 J/cm2 for PBM. Although our pilot subjects had significant co-morbidities, extremely high viral loads and moderately severe symptoms during the Delta phase of the pandemic, the response to treatment was highly encouraging. Rapid reductions in viral loads were observed and negative PCR tests were documented within a median of 4 days. These laboratory findings occurred in parallel with significant clinical improvement, mostly within 12-24 h of commencing the treatment protocol. There were no significant adverse effects and none of the subjects who completed the protocol required in-patient hospitalization. The outcomes were similarly encouraging at one-year follow-up with virtual absence of "long COVID" symptoms or of COVID-19 re-infection. Our results indicate that the protocols may be a safe and promising approach to challenging COVID-19 disease. Moreover, due its broad spectrum of activity, this approach has the potential to address the prevailing and future COVID-19 variants and other infections transmitted via the upper respiratory tract. Extensive studies with a large cohort are warranted to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Hepburn
- Luminnova Health, 34 Harbour Bay Plaza, East Bay Street, Nassau P.O. Box N-1081, Bahamas
| | | | - René Jean Bensadoun
- Centre De Haute Energie, Department of Oncology Radiology, 10 Boulevard Pasteur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Vaile Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rockefeller Building, London WC1E 6DE, UK
- Department of Oral Surgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
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Golovynska I, Stepanov YV, Golovynskyi S, Zhou T, Stepanova LI, Garmanchuk LV, Ohulchanskyy TY, Qu J. Macrophages Modulated by Red/NIR Light: Phagocytosis, Cytokines, Mitochondrial Activity, Ca 2+ Influx, Membrane Depolarization and Viability. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:484-497. [PMID: 34569637 DOI: 10.1111/php.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach to modulate the biochemical and molecular processes within living cells. LLLT is known to produce local and systemic effects; therefore, immune cells in local tissues or in the circulation are affected by light. However, this specific effect remains weakly explored. In this study, the effect of red (650 nm) and NIR (808 nm) light on phagocytosis (respiratory burst), cytokine expression, mitochondrial activity, ROS generation, Ca2+ influx and membrane depolarization in macrophages in vitro is investigated. Both the phagocytic capacity and adhesion of macrophages strongly (˜2.5 times) increased in the first hours after exposure to light in a dose-dependent manner. The light-evoked upregulation of phagocytosis is found to be less efficient than the maximal pharmacologically induced enhancement of ˜3.2 times. Also, red/NIR light reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activates the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines by several times in activated macrophages. At the same time, the viability shows a biphasic dose response: it increases after irradiation with lower doses (0.3-1 J cm-2 ) and decreases after treatment with higher doses (18-30 J cm-2 ), which is apparently associated with the upregulation of ROS generation, followed by an increase in the mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Golovynska
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yurii V Stepanov
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sergii Golovynskyi
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liudmyla I Stepanova
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla V Garmanchuk
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) improves alveolar bone healing in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:961-969. [PMID: 34002343 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in enhancing bone healing in irradiated alveolus post-tooth extraction. Sixty male Wistar rats (180 ± 10 g) were used in the present study. The left maxillary first molars were extracted, and the alveolar region was irradiated by diode laser device (GaAlAs) immediately after extraction and for more 3-day daily applications. The animals were randomly assigned into two groups: control group (n = 30, with left maxillary molar extraction-CG) and experimental group (n = 30, with tooth extraction and low-level laser therapy applied to the dental alveolus for 42 s-EG). These groups were divided into subgroups (five rats per subgroup) according to the observation time point-1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days-post-tooth extraction. The maxillary bone was separated, and the specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and picrosirius red and immunohistochemistry for RUNX-2. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used with a significance level of 5%. LLLT accelerated bone healing with mature collagen fiber bundles and early new bone formation. Histomorphometric analysis revealed an increase of osteoblast (RUNX-2) and osteoclast (TRAP) activity and in the area percentage of cancellous bone in the lased alveolus compared to the control group. This increase was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Application of LLLT with a GaAlAs diode laser device enhanced bone healing and mineralization on alveolar region.
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Ailioaie LM, Litscher G. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Arthritis in Children and Adults: New Perspectives on Applied Photobiomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186565. [PMID: 32911717 PMCID: PMC7554967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult rheumatoid arthritis are two major groups with chronic joint pain and inflammation, extra-articular manifestations, and high risk of comorbidities, which can cause physical and ocular disability, as well as create great socio-economic pressure worldwide. The pathogenesis of arthritis manifested in childhood and adulthood is multifactorial, unclear, and overly complex, in which immunity plays an important role. Although there are more and more biological agents with different mechanisms of action for the treatment of arthritis, the results are not as expected, because there are partial responses or non-responsive patients to these compounds, high therapeutic costs, side effects, and so on; therefore, we must turn our attention to other therapeutic modalities. Updating knowledge on molecular and cellular mechanisms in the comparative pathogenesis of chronic arthritis in both children and adults is necessary in the early and correct approach to treatment. Photobiomodulation (PBM) represents a good option, offering cost-effective advantages over drug therapy, with a quicker, more positive response to treatment and no side effects. The successful management of PBM in arthritis is based on the clinician’s ability to evaluate correctly the inflammatory status of the patient, to seek the optimal solution, to choose the best technology with the best physical parameters, and to select the mode of action to target very precisely the immune system and the molecular signaling pathways at the molecular level with the exact amount of quantum light energy in order to obtain the desired immune modulation and the remission of the disease. Light is a very powerful tool in medicine because it can simultaneously target many cascades of immune system activation in comparison with drugs, so PBM can perform very delicate tasks inside our cells to modulate cellular dysfunctions, helping to initiate self-organization phenomena and finally, healing the disease. Interdisciplinary teams should work diligently to meet these needs by also using single-cell imaging devices for multispectral laser photobiomodulation on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iaşi, Romania;
- Ultramedical & Laser Clinic, 83 Arcu Street, 700135 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-83907
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Li S, Wang C, Wang B, Liu L, Tang L, Liu D, Yang G, Zhang L. Efficacy of low-level light therapy for treatment of diabetic foot ulcer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 143:215-224. [PMID: 30009935 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis based on seven Randomized control trials (RCTs) is to examine whether Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is effective at healing diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and to provide evidence-based recommendations and clinical guidelines for the future clinical treatment of DFUs. METHODS Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published up to June 30, 2017, without language or data restrictions. RCTs that investigated the use of LLLT for DFU treatment were included. Standard methods of meta-analysis were performed to evaluate outcomes of LLLT on the healing of DFU. RESULTS Seven RCTs involving 194 participants were eligible for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis showed that LLLT has emerged as a potential noninvasive treatment for DFUs, as LLLT was found to effectively reduce the ulcer area [weighted mean difference (WMD) 34.18, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 19.38-48.99, P < 0.00001], improve the complete healing rate [odds ratio (OR) 6.72, 95% CI 1.99-22.64, P = 0.002]. Qualitative analysis of the included RCTs found that LLLT also played a role in the treatment of DFUs through promoting rapid granulation formation and shortening ulcer closure time, as well as alleviating foot ulcer pain. None of the treatment-related adverse event was reported. CONCLUSIONS LLLT was recognized as a potential method in the comprehensive treatment of DFUs. Further well designed and high-quality studies are required to confirm the role of LLLT in the management of DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China.
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Sergio LPDS, Thomé AMC, Trajano LADSN, Mencalha AL, da Fonseca ADS, de Paoli F. Photobiomodulation prevents DNA fragmentation of alveolar epithelial cells and alters the mRNA levels of caspase 3 and Bcl-2 genes in acute lung injury. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:975-983. [PMID: 29922788 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00109j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) are defined as pulmonary inflammation that could occur from sepsis and lead to pulmonary permeability and alveolar edema making them life-threatening diseases. Photobiomodulation (PBM) properties have been widely described in the literature in several inflammatory diseases; although the mechanisms of action are not always clear, this could be a possible treatment for ARDS/ALI. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the mRNA levels from caspase-3 and BCL-2 genes and DNA fragmentation in lung tissue from Wistar rats affected by ALI and subjected to photobiomodulation by exposure to a low power infrared laser (808 nm; 100 mW; 3.571 W cm-2; four points per lung). Adult male Wistar rats were randomized into 6 groups (n = 5, for each group): control, PBM10 (10 J cm-2, 2 J and 2 seconds), PBM20 (20 J cm-2, 5 J and 5 seconds), ALI, ALI + PBM10 and ALI + PBM20. ALI was induced by intraperitoneal Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide injection. Lung samples were collected and divided for mRNA expression of caspase-3 and Bcl-2 and DNA fragmentation quantifications. Data show that caspase-3 mRNA levels are reduced and Bcl-2 mRNA levels increased in ALI after low power infrared laser exposure when compared to the non-exposed ALI group. DNA fragmentation increased in inflammatory infiltrate cells and reduced in alveolar cells. Our research shows that photobiomodulation can alter relative mRNA levels in genes involved in the apoptotic process and DNA fragmentation in inflammatory and alveolar cells after lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Also, inflammatory cell apoptosis is part of the photobiomodulation effects induced by exposure to a low power infrared laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Philippe da Silva Sergio
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de Setembro, 87, fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil.
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8
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Tchanque‐Fossuo CN, Ho D, Dahle SE, Koo E, Li C, Isseroff RR, Jagdeo J. A systematic review of low‐level light therapy for treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24:418-26. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine N. Tchanque‐Fossuo
- Dermatology Service, Sacramento VA Medical CenterMather California
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of California DavisSacramento California
| | - Derek Ho
- Dermatology Service, Sacramento VA Medical CenterMather California
| | - Sara E. Dahle
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of California DavisSacramento California
- Department of SurgeryPodiatry Section, Sacramento VA Medical CenterMather California
| | - Eugene Koo
- Dermatology Service, Sacramento VA Medical CenterMather California
| | - Chin‐Shang Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of BiostatisticsUniversity of California DavisDavis California
| | - R. Rivkah Isseroff
- Dermatology Service, Sacramento VA Medical CenterMather California
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of California DavisSacramento California
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Dermatology Service, Sacramento VA Medical CenterMather California
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of California DavisSacramento California
- Department of DermatologyState University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklyn New York
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Gonçalves ED, Souza PS, Lieberknecht V, Fidelis GSP, Barbosa RI, Silveira PCL, de Pinho RA, Dutra RC. Low-level laser therapy ameliorates disease progression in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Autoimmunity 2015; 49:132-42. [PMID: 26703077 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1124425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent episodes of T cell-mediated immune attack on central nervous system (CNS) myelin, leading to axon damage and progressive disability. The existing therapies for MS are only partially effective and are associated with undesirable side effects. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been clinically used to treat inflammation, and to induce tissue healing and repair processes. However, there are no reports about the effects and mechanisms of LLLT in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an established model of MS. Here, we report the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of LLLT (AlGaInP, 660 nm and GaAs, 904 nm) irradiated on the spinal cord during EAE development. EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with MOG35-55 peptide emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Our results showed that LLLT consistently reduced the clinical score of EAE and delayed the disease onset, and also prevented weight loss induced by immunization. Furthermore, these beneficial effects of LLLT seem to be associated with the down-regulation of NO levels in the CNS, although the treatment with LLLT failed to inhibit lipid peroxidation and restore antioxidant defense during EAE. Finally, histological analysis showed that LLLT blocked neuroinflammation through a reduction of inflammatory cells in the CNS, especially lymphocytes, as well as preventing demyelination in the spinal cord after EAE induction. Together, our results suggest the use of LLLT as a therapeutic application during autoimmune neuroinflammatory responses, such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine D Gonçalves
- a Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil .,b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and
| | - Priscila S Souza
- b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and
| | - Vicente Lieberknecht
- a Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil
| | - Giulia S P Fidelis
- b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and
| | - Rafael I Barbosa
- c Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of Locomotor System , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil
| | - Paulo C L Silveira
- b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and
| | - Ricardo A de Pinho
- b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and
| | - Rafael C Dutra
- a Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil .,b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and.,c Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of Locomotor System , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil
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Fernandes KPS, Souza NHC, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Silva DDFTD, Rocha LA, Alves AN, Sousa KDB, Bussadori SK, Hamblin MR, Nunes FD. Photobiomodulation with 660-nm and 780-nm laser on activated J774 macrophage-like cells: Effect on M1 inflammatory markers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 153:344-51. [PMID: 26519828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
M1 profile macrophages exert a major influence on initial tissue repair process. Few days after the occurrence of injury, macrophages in the injured region exhibit a M2 profile, attenuate the effects of the M1 population, and stimulate the reconstruction of the damaged tissue. The different effects of macrophages in the healing process suggest that these cells could be the target of therapeutic interventions. Photobiomodulation has been used to accelerate tissue repair, but little is known regarding its effect on macrophages. In the present study, J774 macrophages were activated to simulate the M1 profile and irradiated with two different sets of laser parameters (780 nm, 70 mW, 2.6J/cm(2), 1.5s and 660 nm, 15 mW, 7.5 J/cm(2), 20s). IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2 gene and protein expression were analyzed by RT-qPCR and ELISA. Both lasers were able to reduce TNF-α and iNOS expression, and TNF-α and COX-2 production, although the parameters used for 780 nm laser provided an additional decrease. 660 nm laser parameters resulted in an up-regulation of IL-6 expression and production. These findings imply a distinct, time-dependent modulation by the two different sets of laser parameters, suggesting that the best modulation may involve more than one combination of parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho/UNINOVE, 249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, SP Zip Code 01504-001, Brazil; Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 2227 Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP Zip Code 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Nadhia Helena Costa Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho/UNINOVE, 249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, SP Zip Code 01504-001, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho/UNINOVE, 249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, SP Zip Code 01504-001, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho/UNINOVE, 249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, SP Zip Code 01504-001, Brazil.
| | - Daniela de Fatima Teixeira da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho/UNINOVE, 249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, SP Zip Code 01504-001, Brazil.
| | - Lilia Alves Rocha
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 2227 Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP Zip Code 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Agnelo Neves Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho/UNINOVE, 249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, SP Zip Code 01504-001, Brazil.
| | - Kaline de Brito Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho/UNINOVE, 249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, SP Zip Code 01504-001, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho/UNINOVE, 249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, SP Zip Code 01504-001, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho/UNINOVE, 249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, SP Zip Code 01504-001, Brazil.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - Fábio Daumas Nunes
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 2227 Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP Zip Code 05508-000, Brazil.
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The effect of red, green and blue lasers on healing of oral wounds in diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 148:242-245. [PMID: 25981185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Many studies have demonstrated that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can improve wound healing in non-diabetic and diabetic animals. We compared the effects of red, green, and blue lasers in terms of accelerating oral wound healing in diabetic rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Diabetes was successfully induced in 32 male Wistar rats using intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (150 mg/kg). After intraperitoneal injection of the anesthetic agent, a full-thickness oral wound (10 mm × 2 mm) was created aseptically with a scalpel on hard palate of the diabetic rats. The study was performed using red (630 nm), green (532 nm), and blue (425 nm) lasers and a control group. We used an energy density of 2J/cm2 and a treatment schedule of 3 times/week for 10 days. The area of wounds was measured and recorded on a chart for all rats. On the 10th day, the samples were then sacrificed and a full-thickness sample of wound area was prepared for pathological study. RESULTS We observed a significant difference (p<0.001) in the mean slope values of wound healing between treatment and control groups. Moreover, the mean slope of wound healing differed significantly between red laser and two other lasers - blue and green (p<0.001). The mean slopes of wound healing were not significantly different between blue laser and green laser (p=0.777). CONCLUSION The results of the present study provide evidence that wound healing is slower in control rats compared to the treatment groups. Moreover, the findings suggest that wound healing occurs faster with red laser compared to blue and green lasers.
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13
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Moon CH, Kwon O, Woo CH, Ahn HD, Kwon YS, Park SJ, Song CH, Ku SK. Therapeutic effect of irradiation of magnetic infrared laser on osteoarthritis rat model. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:1150-9. [PMID: 24962501 DOI: 10.1111/php.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease caused by articular cartilage loss. Many complementary and alternative medicines for OA have been reported so far, but the effectiveness is controversial. Previously, we have shown anti-inflammatory effects of low level laser therapy with static magnetic field, magnetic infrared laser (MIL), in various animal models. Therefore, the beneficial effects were examined in OA rat model. Rats were divided by six groups; no treatment controls of sham and OA model, three MIL treatment groups of OA model at 6.65, 2.66 and 1.33 J cm(-2), and Diclofenac group of OA model with 2 mg kg(-1) diclofenac sodium. The OA control exhibited typical symptoms of OA, but 4-week MIL treatment improved the functional movement of knee joint with reduced edematous changes. In addition, cartilage GAGs were detected more in all MIL treatment groups than OA control. It suggests that 4-week MIL irradiation has dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects on OA. Histopathological analyses revealed that MIL treatment inhibits the cartilage degradation and enhances chondrocyte proliferation. The fact that MIL has an additional potential for the cartilage formation and no adverse effects can be regarded as great advantages for OA treatment. These suggest that MIL can be useful for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hwan Moon
- Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Korea
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14
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Souza NHC, Ferrari RAM, Silva DFT, Nunes FD, Bussadori SK, Fernandes KPS. Effect of low-level laser therapy on the modulation of the mitochondrial activity of macrophages. Braz J Phys Ther 2014; 18:308-14. [PMID: 25076002 PMCID: PMC4183262 DOI: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Macrophages play a major role among the inflammatory cells that invade muscle
tissue following an injury. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has long been used in
clinical practice to accelerate the muscle repair process. However, little is
known regarding its effect on macrophages. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of LLLT on the mitochondrial activity (MA) of
macrophages. METHOD: J774 macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon -
gamma (IFN-γ) (activation) for 24 h to simulate an inflammatory process, then
irradiated with LLLT using two sets of parameters (780 nm; 70 mW; 3
J/cm2 and 660 nm; 15 mW; 7.5 J/cm2).
Non-activated/non-irradiated cells composed the control group. MA was evaluated by
the cell mitochondrial activity (MTT) assay (after 1, 3 and 5 days) in three
independent experiments. The data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: After 1 day of culture, activated and 780 nm irradiated macrophages showed lower
MA than activated macrophages, but activated and 660 nm irradiated macrophages
showed MA similar to activated cells. After 3 days, activated and irradiated (660
nm and 780 nm) macrophages showed greater MA than activated macrophages, and after
5 days, the activated and irradiated (660 nm and 780 nm) macrophages showed
similar MA to the activated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that 660 nm and 780 nm LLLT can modulate the cellular
activation status of macrophages in inflammation, highlighting the importance of
this resource and of the correct determination of its parameters in the repair
process of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabio D Nunes
- Departamento de Estomatologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Farfara D, Tuby H, Trudler D, Doron-Mandel E, Maltz L, Vassar RJ, Frenkel D, Oron U. Low-level laser therapy ameliorates disease progression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:430-6. [PMID: 24994540 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used to treat inflammation, tissue healing, and repair processes. We recently reported that LLLT to the bone marrow (BM) led to proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their homing in the ischemic heart suggesting its role in regenerative medicine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of LLLT to stimulate MSCs of autologous BM in order to affect neurological behavior and β-amyloid burden in progressive stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model. MSCs from wild-type mice stimulated with LLLT showed to increase their ability to maturate towards a monocyte lineage and to increase phagocytosis activity towards soluble amyloid beta (Aβ). Furthermore, weekly LLLT to BM of AD mice for 2 months, starting at 4 months of age (progressive stage of AD), improved cognitive capacity and spatial learning, as compared to sham-treated AD mice. Histology revealed a significant reduction in Aβ brain burden. Our results suggest the use of LLLT as a therapeutic application in progressive stages of AD and imply its role in mediating MSC therapy in brain amyloidogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Farfara
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Evaluation of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of low-level laser therapy on temporomandibular joint inflammation in rodents. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 129:135-42. [PMID: 24231378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the nociceptive behavioral as well as histomorphological aspects induced by injection of formalin and carrageenan into the rat temporomandibular joint. The 2.5% formalin injection (FRG group) induced behavioral responses characterized by rubbing the orofacial region and flinching the head quickly, which were quantified for 45 min. The pretreatment with systemic administration of diclofenac sodium-DFN group (10 mg/kg i.p.) as well as the irradiation with LLLT infrared (LST group, 780 nm, 70 mW, 30 s, 2.1 J, 52.5 J/cm(2), GaAlAs) significantly reduced the formalin-induced nociceptive responses. The 1% carrageenan injection (CRG group) induced inflammatory responses over the time-course of the study (24 h, and 3 and 7 days) characterized by the presence of intense inflammatory infiltrate rich in neutrophils, scanty areas of liquefactive necrosis and intense interstitial edema, extensive hemorrhagic areas, and enlargement of the joint space on the region. The DFN and LST groups showed an intensity of inflammatory response that was significantly lower than in CRG group over the time-course of the study, especially in the LST group, which showed exuberant granulation tissue with intense vascularization, and deposition of newly formed collagen fibers (3 and 7 days). It was concluded that the LLLT presented an anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory response on the inflammation induced in the temporomandibular joint of rodents.
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Fukuda TY, Tanji MM, Silva SR, Sato MN, Plapler H. Infrared low-level diode laser on inflammatory process modulation in mice: pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Lasers Med Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Peccin MS, Renno ACM, de Oliveira F, Giusti PR, Ribeiro DA. Helium-neon laser improves skin repair in rabbits. J COSMET LASER THER 2012; 14:286-9. [PMID: 23057697 DOI: 10.3109/14764172.2012.738917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of helium-neon laser on skin injury in rabbits. For this purpose, 15 New Zealand rabbits underwent bilateral skin damage in leg. Helium-neon laser light, at a fluence of 6 J∕cm2 and wavelength of 632.8 nm, was applied on the left legs (laser group). The right leg lesions (control group) served as negative control. All sections were histopathologically analyzed using HE sections. The results showed little infiltration of inflammatory cells, with proliferation of fibroblasts forming a few fibrous connective tissue after 1 week post-injury. The lesion on the 3rd week was characterized by granulation tissue, which formed from proliferated fibrous connective tissue, congested blood vessels and mild mononuclear cell infiltration. On the 5th week, it was observed that debris material surrounded by a thick layer of connective tissue and dense collage, fibroblasts cells present in the dermis covered by a thick epidermal layer represented by keratinized epithelium. Taken together, our results suggest that helium-neon laser is able to improve skin repair in rabbits at early phases of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stella Peccin
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil
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Helium–neon laser improves bone repair in rabbits: comparison at two anatomic sites. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:1125-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hoffman M, Monroe DM. Low intensity laser therapy speeds wound healing in hemophilia by enhancing platelet procoagulant activity. Wound Repair Regen 2012; 20:770-7. [PMID: 22882528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2012.00828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our group has previously shown that cutaneous wound healing is delayed and histologically abnormal in a mouse model of hemophilia. Hemostasis is not only required to stop bleeding at the time of wounding, but also produces bioactive substances that promote appropriate inflammatory and proliferative responses during healing. Low intensity laser therapy (LILT) has been reported to enhance impaired wound healing in a variety of animal and human studies. The current studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that LILT can improve healing in a hemophilia B mouse model. Three daily treatments with 12 J/sq cm of 650 nm laser illumination reduced the time to closure of a 3-mm cutaneous punch biopsy wound in the hemophilic mice. All wounds were closed at 13 days in the sham-treated hemophilic mice, compared with 10 days in the LILT-treated hemophilic mice, and 9 days in wild-type mice. While LILT can speed healing by enhancing proliferation of cutaneous cells, we found that an additional mechanism likely contributes to the efficacy of LILT in the hemophilic mice. LILT enhanced the mechanical rigidity and platelet activity of clots formed from human platelet-rich plasma. Illumination of isolated platelets increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced binding of coagulation factors to the surface of activated platelets. Thus, while LILT can directly promote proliferative responses during healing, it also appears to enhance hemostasis in an animal model with impaired coagulation. These data suggest that trials of LILT as an adjunct to the usual hemostatic therapies in hemophilia are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureane Hoffman
- Department of Pathology, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA.
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Nagib PRA, Gameiro J, da Costa TA, Di Gangi R, Ribeiro JDS, Paulino LC, Verinaud L. Effect of HeNe laser irradiation on extracellular matrix deposition and expression of cytokines and chemokines in paracoccidioidomycotic lesions. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:920-4. [PMID: 20408980 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis is the most prevalent human mycosis in Latin America. Cutaneous lesions are extremely painful and sensitive, and current treatment with antifungal drugs is lengthy and may cause side effects to patients. In this perspective, the helium-neon (HeNe) laser emerges as a novel therapy form due to its ability to heal wounds without changing cell function. In this work, we evaluate the effects of HeNe laser irradiation on extracellular matrix deposition and expression of cytokines and chemokines in cutaneous lesions caused by experimental infection of Balb/c mice. Our results showed decreased levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokines in lesions exposed to HeNe laser irradiation. Chemokines CCL3 and CXCL10 showed decreased levels in laser-treated lesions, but no significant difference was observed in relation to CCL5 expression. We also detected decreased density of fibronectin and laminin in HeNe laser-treated lesions. Data presented herein support the validity of our previous results suggesting positive effects of HeNe laser in accelerating wound healing in this experimental model. We believe that HeNe laser is a new nonharmful strategy that may be used as adjuvant and/or alternative therapy for improving treatment of paracoccidioidomycotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia R A Nagib
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás-UFG, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
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Lin F, Josephs SF, Alexandrescu DT, Ramos F, Bogin V, Gammill V, Dasanu CA, De Necochea-Campion R, Patel AN, Carrier E, Koos DR. Lasers, stem cells, and COPD. J Transl Med 2010; 8:16. [PMID: 20158898 PMCID: PMC2830167 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The medical use of low level laser (LLL) irradiation has been occurring for decades, primarily in the area of tissue healing and inflammatory conditions. Despite little mechanistic knowledge, the concept of a non-invasive, non-thermal intervention that has the potential to modulate regenerative processes is worthy of attention when searching for novel methods of augmenting stem cell-based therapies. Here we discuss the use of LLL irradiation as a "photoceutical" for enhancing production of stem cell growth/chemoattractant factors, stimulation of angiogenesis, and directly augmenting proliferation of stem cells. The combination of LLL together with allogeneic and autologous stem cells, as well as post-mobilization directing of stem cells will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Entest BioMedical, San Diego, CA, USA
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23
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Frigo L, Luppi JSS, Favero GM, Maria DA, Penna SC, Bjordal JM, Bensadoun RJ, Lopes-Martins RAB. The effect of low-level laser irradiation (In-Ga-Al-AsP - 660 nm) on melanoma in vitro and in vivo. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:404. [PMID: 19930543 PMCID: PMC2784797 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been speculated that the biostimulatory effect of Low Level Laser Therapy could cause undesirable enhancement of tumor growth in neoplastic diseases. The aim of the present study is to analyze the behavior of melanoma cells (B16F10) in vitro and the in vivo development of melanoma in mice after laser irradiation. METHODS We performed a controlled in vitro study on B16F10 melanoma cells to investigate cell viability and cell cycle changes by the Tripan Blue, MTT and cell quest histogram tests at 24, 48 and 72 h post irradiation. The in vivo mouse model (male Balb C, n = 21) of melanoma was used to analyze tumor volume and histological characteristics. Laser irradiation was performed three times (once a day for three consecutive days) with a 660 nm 50 mW CW laser, beam spot size 2 mm(2), irradiance 2.5 W/cm(2) and irradiation times of 60s (dose 150 J/cm(2)) and 420s (dose 1050 J/cm(2)) respectively. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the in vitro groups, except for an increase in the hypodiploid melanoma cells (8.48 +/- 1.40% and 4.26 +/- 0.60%) at 72 h post-irradiation. This cancer-protective effect was not reproduced in the in vivo experiment where outcome measures for the 150 J/cm(2) dose group were not significantly different from controls. For the 1050 J/cm(2) dose group, there were significant increases in tumor volume, blood vessels and cell abnormalities compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION LLLT Irradiation should be avoided over melanomas as the combination of high irradiance (2.5 W/cm(2)) and high dose (1050 J/cm(2)) significantly increases melanoma tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcio Frigo
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, Cruzeiro do Sul University. Av. Dr. Ussiel Cirilo, 225 São Miguel Paulista, 08060-070 São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Juliana SS Luppi
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, Cruzeiro do Sul University. Av. Dr. Ussiel Cirilo, 225 São Miguel Paulista, 08060-070 São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Giovani M Favero
- State University of Ponta Grossa, General Biology Department, Av. Gal. Carlos Cavalvcanti, 4748 Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR - Brasil
| | - Durnavei A Maria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brasil, 1500 São Paulo 05599-000, SP - Brasil
| | - Sócrates C Penna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Phototherapy of Inflammation, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo - São Paulo 05508-900 SP - Brasil
| | - Jan M Bjordal
- Institute for Physiotherapy, Bergen University College, Moellendalsvn. 6, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Section of Physiotherapy Science, Institute of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Kalfarveien 31, 5018 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rene J Bensadoun
- Service d'Oncologie Radiothérapique, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, BP 577, 86021 - Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Rodrigo AB Lopes-Martins
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Phototherapy of Inflammation, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo - São Paulo 05508-900 SP - Brasil
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Low-level laser therapy modulates cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression during bone repair in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2008; 24:195-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-008-0544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
The use of laser light at power levels below that capable of direct tissue change (protein denaturation, water vaporisation and tissue ablation), has been advocated in diverse branches of medicine and veterinary practice, yet its acceptance in general dental practice remains low. However, the scope for using low-level laser light (LLLT) has emerged through many applications, either directly or indirectly tissue-related, in delivering primary dental care. The purpose of this article is to explain the mechanisms of action and to explore the uses of this group of lasers in general dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parker
- 30 East Parade, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, UK.
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Weber M, Fußgänger-May T, Wolf T. Die intravasale Laserblutbestrahlung – Vorstellung einer neuen Therapiemethode. DEUTSCHE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AKUPUNKTUR 2007. [DOI: 10.1078/0415-6412-00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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de Araújo CEN, Ribeiro MS, Favaro R, Zezell DM, Zorn TMT. Ultrastructural and autoradiographical analysis show a faster skin repair in He-Ne laser-treated wounds. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2006; 86:87-96. [PMID: 17029969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There are evidences that low-intensity red laser radiation is capable to accelerate wound healing. Nowadays, this therapy has been gradually introduced in clinical practice although mechanisms underlying laser effects are poorly understood. To better understand the photobiological effects of laser radiation, this study investigated by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and autoradiography the morphological and functional features of irradiated and none irradiated injured mice skin. Full-thickness skin lesions were created on the back of mice and irradiated on days 1, 5, 8, 12, and 15 post-wounding with a He-Ne laser (lambda=632.8nm), dose 1J/cm(2), exposure time 3min. Non-irradiated lesions were used as a control. The mice were inoculated with (3)H-proline and sacrificed one hour after on the 8th, 15th and 22nd days to histological and radioautographical analysis. The irradiated-lesions showed a faster reepithelization compared with control lesions. The irradiated dermis contained a higher number of activated fibroblasts compared to control group and, most of them showed several cytoplasmic collagen-containing phagosomes. In irradiated-lesions, smooth muscle alpha-actin positive cells predominated, which correspond to a higher number of myofibroblasts observed in the electron microscope. Moreover, laser radiation reduced the local inflammation and appears to influence the organization of collagen fibrils in the repairing areas. Quantitative autoradiography showed that the incorporation of (3)H-proline was significantly higher in irradiated-dermis on the 15th day post-wounding (p<0.05). These results suggest that laser radiation may accelerate cutaneous wound healing in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E N de Araújo
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Novoselova EG, Cherenkov DA, Glushkova OV, Novoselova TV, Chudnovsky VM, Yusupov VI, Fesenko EE. Effects of weak laser radiation (632.8 nm) on isolated mouse immune cells. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350906030195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Novoselova EG, Glushkova OV, Cherenkov DA, Chudnovsky VM, Fesenko EE. Effects of low-power laser radiation on mice immunity. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2006; 22:33-8. [PMID: 16436179 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2006.00191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Because of large interest in biological effects of laser radiation used in laser therapy, the effect of extremely low-level red laser light intensity on the immune cell activity has been studied in the animal model with well-characterized macrophage and T cell populations as responder cells producing cytokines, protective proteins, active oxygen, and nitric compounds. To study of the possible side effects of laser immunotherapy we monitored the productions of cytokines, nitric oxide (NO), and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in mice subjected to a periodic laser exposure for 1 month. METHODS Helium-neon laser radiation with the power of 0.2 mW/cm2 and wavelength of 632.8 nm was applied on two different mouse skin surfaces, i.e. a thymus projection area or a hind limb. Healthy NMRI male mice were irradiated repeatedly with laser light for 1 min with 48-h intervals for 30 days. The animals were divided into three groups of 25 mice. The first and the second groups were exposed to laser light, on the thymus and hind limb area, respectively. The third, sham-irradiated group served as a control. Early and prolonged effects of laser radiation on the levels of NO (by Griess assay), Hsp70 (by Western blot assay), tumor necrosis factors (TNF-alpha and TNF-beta) (by cytotoxic assay using L929 cells as targets), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) (by ELISA assay) were determined. RESULTS The dynamics of immune responses to low-power laser light intensity was shown to be dependent on two factors, i.e. the cumulative dose and the localization of the irradiated surface. Besides, various populations of cells demonstrated different sensitivity to laser radiation, with T cells being more responsive among examined populations of the cells. Low intensity laser light induced an immune cell activity when the exposure duration did not exceed 10 days, while a more prolonged period of treatment generated more severe changes in the immune system, up to immunosuppression. The treatment of the thymus zone resulted in more pronounced changes in the cytokine production as well as in NO and Hsp70 synthesis. CONCLUSION Low-power laser irradiation showed more effective immunomodulatory effects when applied on the thymus projection area. The rise in IL-2 and Hsp70 production related to a short-term effect of laser application may be reversed after repeating laser treatment. We suggest that for the support of immune system stability, the prolonged laser therapy should be accompanied by supplementary methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Novoselova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Scientific Centre, Moscow Region, Russia.
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Hemvani N, Chitnis DS, Bhagwanani NS. Helium-Neon and Nitrogen Laser Irradiation Accelerates the Phagocytic Activity of Human Monocytes. Photomed Laser Surg 2005; 23:571-4. [PMID: 16356149 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2005.23.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracellular survival of mycobacteria within monocytes is a crucial stage in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. The aim was to check intracellular survival of Mycobacterium fortuitum within the human monocytes exposed to He-Ne and nitrogen laser irradiation. BACKGROUND DATA Tuberculosis remains one of the most important infectious diseases for developing countries. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been tried to treat tubercular cavitory lung disease with encouraging results. The in vitro photobiological effect of low level laser radiation on the intracellular mycobacteria needs to be evaluated before we could go for large clinical trials. METHODS The aliquots of human monocytes from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and tuberculosis cases were exposed to He-Ne or nitrogen laser beam. The non-irradiated monocytes from the same source served as controls. The monocytes were then challenged with M. fortuitum, and surviving mycobacteria within monocytes were subjected to viable counts. RESULTS Enhanced killing of mycobacterial cells was seen among monocytes exposed to He-Ne and nitrogen laser irradiation. CONCLUSIONS He-Ne and nitrogen laser irradiation activates the monocytes to increase intracellular killing of mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Hemvani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Choithram Hospital & Research Centre, Indore, India
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