1
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Gallego L, Woods JF, Butti R, Szwedziak P, Vargas Jentzsch A, Rickhaus M. Shape-Assisted Self-Assembly of Hexa-Substituted Carpyridines into 1D Supramolecular Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318879. [PMID: 38237056 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The extent of the influence that molecular curvature plays on the self-assembly of supramolecular polymers remains an open question in the field. We began addressing this fundamental question with the introduction of "carpyridines", which are saddle-shaped monomers that can associate with one another through π-π interactions and in which the rotational and translational movements are restricted. The topography displayed by the monomers led, previously, to the assembly of highly ordered 2D materials even in the absence of strong directional interactions such as hydrogen bonding. Here, we introduce a simple strategy to gain control over the dimensionality of the formed structures yielding classical unidimensional polymers. These have been characterized using well-established protocols allowing us to determine and confirm the self-assembly mechanism of both fibers and sheets. The calculated interaction energies are significantly higher than expected for flexible self-assembling units lacking classical "strong" non-covalent interactions. The versatility of this supramolecular unit to assemble into either supramolecular fibers or 2D sheets with strong association energies highlights remarkably well the potential and importance of molecular shape for the design of supramolecular materials and the applications thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gallego
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joseph F Woods
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rachele Butti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Szwedziak
- Centre for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Vargas Jentzsch
- SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, Rue du Loess 23, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Rickhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Burger NA, Meier G, Bouteiller L, Loppinet B, Vlassopoulos D. Dynamics and Rheology of Supramolecular Assemblies at Elevated Pressures. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6713-6724. [PMID: 36018571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A methodology to investigate the linear viscoelastic properties of complex fluids at elevated pressures (up to 120 MPa) is presented. It is based on a dynamic light scattering (DLS) setup coupled with a stainless steel chamber, where the test sample is pressurized by means of an inert gas. The viscoelastic spectra are extracted through passive microrheology. We discuss an application to hydrogen-bonding motif 2,4-bis(2-ethylhexylureido)toluene (EHUT), which self-assembles into supramolecular structures (tubes and filaments) in apolar solvents dodecane and cyclohexane. High levels of pressure (roughly above 20 MPa) are found to slow down the terminal relaxation process; however, the increases in the entanglement plateau modulus and the associated persistence length are not significant. The concentration dependence of the plateau modulus, relaxation times (fast and slow), and correlation length is practically the same for all pressures and exhibits distinct power-law behavior in different regimes. Within the tube phase in dodecane, the relative viscosity increment is weakly enhanced with increasing pressure and reaches a plateau at about 60 MPa. In fact, depending on concentration, the application of pressure in the tube regime may lead to a transition from a viscous (unentangled) to a viscoelastic (partially entangled to well-entangled) solution. For well-entangled, long tubes, the extent of the plateau regime (ratio of high- to low-moduli crossover frequencies) increases with pressure. The collective information from these observations is summarized in a temperature-pressure state diagram. These findings provide ingredients for the formulation of a solid theoretical framework to better understand and exploit the role of pressure in the structure and dynamics of supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A Burger
- Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas (FORTH), Institute for Electronic Structure & Laser, Heraklion 70013, Greece.,Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Gerhard Meier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes (IBI-4), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IPCM, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Loppinet
- Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas (FORTH), Institute for Electronic Structure & Laser, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas (FORTH), Institute for Electronic Structure & Laser, Heraklion 70013, Greece.,Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
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3
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Columbus I, Eren N, Elitsur R, Davidovich-Pinhas M, Shenhar R. Branched Supramolecular Copolymers: Inducing Branching in Bisurea-Based Monomers Using Multi-Sulfonate Molecules. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishay Columbus
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Noga Eren
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Renana Elitsur
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Maya Davidovich-Pinhas
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Roy Shenhar
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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4
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Wu B, Liu L, Zhou L, Magana JR, Hendrix MMRM, Wang J, Li C, Ding P, Wang Y, Guo X, Voets IK, Cohen Stuart MA, Wang J. Complex supramolecular fiber formed by coordination-induced self-assembly of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA). J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:1297-1307. [PMID: 34739992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS In the quest for large but well-controlled supramolecular structures, the discotic benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) has received quite some attention, because it can form hydrogen-bonded stacks that can be regarded as supramolecular polymers of which the single BTA molecule is the monomer. In this report, we consider a more complex BTA-based supramolecular polymer, namely one that is built up from supramolecular 'monomers'. EXPERIMENTS We design a tris-ligand L3 consisting of a BTA core carrying three dipicolinic acid (DPA) groups. L3 itself is too small to form polymers, but in the presence of appropriate metal ions, each L3 can form three coordination bonds and so form (L3)n clusters that are large enough to stack successfully: at an appropriate metal dose, long and stable filaments with a cross-sectional diameter of 12 nm appear. We monitor the growth process by UV-vis spectroscopy and light scattering, and use small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), TEM as well as molecular simulation to confirm the filamentous structure of the fibers and determine their dimensions. FINDINGS The formation and structure of the fiber are very similar for various transition metal ions, which enables introducing different functionalities, e.g., magnetic relaxivity, by proper choice of the metal ions. Hence, we obtain a doubly supramolecular polymer, connected axially by hydrogen bonds, and radially by coordination bonds. Not only does this realize a higher level of complexity, but it also allows to easily introduce and vary metal-derived functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China.
| | - Jose Rodrigo Magana
- Self-Organizing Soft Matter Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ, the Netherlands.
| | - Marco M R M Hendrix
- Self-Organizing Soft Matter Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ, the Netherlands.
| | - Jiahua Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Chendan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yiming Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuhong Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China.
| | - Ilja K Voets
- Self-Organizing Soft Matter Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ, the Netherlands.
| | - Martien A Cohen Stuart
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China.
| | - Junyou Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China.
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5
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Iseki T, Mabesoone MFJ, Koenis MAJ, Lamers BAG, Weyandt E, de Windt LNJ, Buma WJ, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Temperature-dependent modulation by biaryl-based monomers of the chain length and morphology of biphenyl-based supramolecular polymers. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13001-13012. [PMID: 34745531 PMCID: PMC8513997 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03974a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular copolymerizations offer attractive options to introduce structural and functional diversity in supramolecular polymer materials. Yet, general principles and structure–property relationships for rational comonomer design remain lacking. Here, we report on the supramolecular (co)aggregation of a phenylpyridine and bipyridine derivative of a recently reported biphenyl tetracarboxamide-based monomer. We show that both arylpyridines are poor monomers for supramolecular homopolymerizations. However, the two arylpyridines efficiently influence supramolecular polymers of a biphenyl-based polymer. The phenylpyridine derivatives primarily sequestrate biphenyl monomers, while the bipyridine intercalates into the polymers at high temperatures. Thereby, these two poorly homopolymerizing monomers allow for a fine control over the length of the biphenyl-based supramolecular polymers. As such, our results highlight the potential to control the structure and morphology of supramolecular polymers by tailoring the electronic properties of additives. Supramolecular copolymerizations offer attractive options to introduce structural and functional diversity in supramolecular polymer materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Iseki
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands .,Material Science Research Laboratory, Kao Corporation Wakayama-shi Wakayama 640-8580 Japan
| | - Mathijs F J Mabesoone
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands .,Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Mark A J Koenis
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte A G Lamers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Weyandt
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Lafayette N J de Windt
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands.,Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Toernooiveld 7c 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Anja R A Palmans
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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6
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Schuster GB, Cafferty BJ, Karunakaran SC, Hud NV. Water-Soluble Supramolecular Polymers of Paired and Stacked Heterocycles: Assembly, Structure, Properties, and a Possible Path to Pre-RNA. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9279-9296. [PMID: 34152760 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that RNA and DNA are products of chemical and biological evolution has motivated our search for alternative nucleic acids that may have come earlier in the emergence of life-polymers that possess a proclivity for covalent and non-covalent self-assembly not exhibited by RNA. Our investigations have revealed a small set of candidate ancestral nucleobases that self-assemble into hexameric rosettes that stack in water to form long, twisted, rigid supramolecular polymers. These structures exhibit properties that provide robust solutions to long-standing problems that have stymied the search for a prebiotic synthesis of nucleic acids. Moreover, their examination by experimental and computational methods provides insight into the chemical and physical principles that govern a particular class of water-soluble one-dimensional supramolecular polymers. In addition to efficient self-assembly, their lengths and polydispersity are modulated by a wide variety of positively charged, planar compounds; their assembly and disassembly are controlled over an exceedingly narrow pH range; they exhibit spontaneous breaking of symmetry; and homochirality emerges through non-covalent cross-linking during hydrogel formation. Some of these candidate ancestral nucleobases spontaneously form glycosidic bonds with ribose and other sugars, and, most significantly, functionalized forms of these heterocycles form supramolecular structures and covalent polymers under plausibly prebiotic conditions. This Perspective recounts a journey of discovery that continues to reveal attractive answers to questions concerning the origins of life and to uncover the principles that control the structure and properties of water-soluble supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary B Schuster
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Brian J Cafferty
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Suneesh C Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Nicholas V Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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7
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Martínez-Aguirre MA, Li Y, Vanthuyne N, Bouteiller L, Raynal M. Dissecting the Role of the Sergeants in Supramolecular Helical Catalysts: From Chain Capping to Intercalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4183-4191. [PMID: 33180372 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the properties of supramolecular assemblies requires unveiling the specific interactions between their components. In the present work, the catalytic properties and structure of co-assemblies composed of a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) ligand coordinated to copper (the soldier) and seven enantiopure BTAs (the sergeants) have been determined. Whatever the sergeant, the enantioselectivity of the reaction is directly proportional to the optical purity of the supramolecular helices. More strikingly, the role played by the sergeant in the co-assembly process differs significantly: from almost pure intercalator (when it is incorporated in the stacks of the soldier and generates long homochiral helices) to pure chain capper (when it leads to the formation of partly helically biased and short assemblies). The former situation leads to optimal enantioselectivity for the catalytic system under study (58 % ee) while the latter situation leads to very low selectivity (8 % ee). The successful rationalization of this high and unexpected difference is crucial for the development of more efficient catalysts and more elaborate supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte A Martínez-Aguirre
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yan Li
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
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8
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9
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Martínez‐Aguirre MA, Li Y, Vanthuyne N, Bouteiller L, Raynal M. Dissecting the Role of the Sergeants in Supramolecular Helical Catalysts: From Chain Capping to Intercalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayte A. Martínez‐Aguirre
- Sorbonne Université CNRS Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Equipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Yan Li
- Sorbonne Université CNRS Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Equipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université Centrale Marseille CNRS, iSm2, UMR 7313 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université CNRS Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Equipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université CNRS Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Equipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
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10
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Ter Huurne GM, Chidchob P, Long A, Martinez A, Palmans ARA, Vantomme G. Controlling the Length of Cooperative Supramolecular Polymers with Chain Cappers. Chemistry 2020; 26:9964-9970. [PMID: 32347608 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The design and the characterization of supramolecular additives to control the chain length of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) cooperative supramolecular polymers under thermodynamic equilibrium is unraveled. These additives act as chain cappers of supramolecular polymers and feature one face as reactive as the BTA discotic to interact strongly with the polymer end, whereas the other face is nonreactive and therefore impedes further polymerization. Such a design requires fine tuning of the conformational preorganization of the amides and the steric hindrance of the motif. The chain cappers studied are monotopic derivatives of BTA, modified by partial N-methylation of the amides or by positioning of a bulky cyclotriveratrylene cage on one face of the BTA unit. This study not only clarifies the interplay between structural variations and supramolecular interactions, but it also highlights the necessity to combine orthogonal characterization methods, spectroscopy and light scattering, to elucidate the structures and compositions of supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs M Ter Huurne
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pongphak Chidchob
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Augustin Long
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Aix-Marseille Université, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Martinez
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Aix-Marseille Université, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Anja R A Palmans
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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11
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Weyandt E, Ter Huurne GM, Vantomme G, Markvoort AJ, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Photodynamic Control of the Chain Length in Supramolecular Polymers: Switching an Intercalator into a Chain Capper. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6295-6303. [PMID: 32167302 PMCID: PMC7118707 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Supramolecular systems are intrinsically
dynamic and sensitive
to changes in molecular structure and external conditions. Because
of these unique properties, strategies to control polymer length,
composition, comonomer sequence, and morphology have to be developed
for sufficient control over supramolecular copolymerizations. We designed
photoresponsive, mono acyl hydrazone functionalized benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide
(m-BTA) monomers that play a dual role in the coassembly
with achiral alkyl BTAs (a-BTA). In the E isomer form, the chiral m-BTA monomers intercalate
into stacks of a-BTA and dictate the chirality of the
helices. Photoisomerization to the Z isomer transforms
the intercalator into a chain capper, allowing dynamic shortening
of chain length in the supramolecular aggregates. We combine optical
spectroscopy and light-scattering experiments with theoretical modeling
to show the reversible decrease in length when switching from the E to Z isomer of m-BTA in
the copolymer with inert a-BTA. With a mass-balance thermodynamic
model, we gain additional insights into the composition of copolymers
and length distributions of the species over a broad range of concentrations
and mixing ratios of a-BTA/m-BTA. Moreover,
the model was used to predict the impact of an additive (chain capper
and intercalator) on the chain length over a range of concentrations,
showing a remarkable amplification of efficiency at high concentrations.
By employing a stimuli-responsive comonomer in a mostly inert polymer,
we can cooperatively amplify the effect of the switching and obtain
photocontrol of polymer length. Moreover, this dynamic decrease in
chain length causes a macroscopic gel-to-sol phase transformation
of the copolymer gel, although 99.4% of the organogel is inert to
the light stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Weyandt
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs M Ter Huurne
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J Markvoort
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Computational Biology Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R A Palmans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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12
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Karunakaran SC, Cafferty BJ, Jain KS, Schuster GB, Hud NV. Reversible Transformation of a Supramolecular Hydrogel by Redox Switching of Methylene Blue-A Noncovalent Chain Stopper. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:344-349. [PMID: 31956781 PMCID: PMC6964268 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The simple and reversible control of the degree of polymerization, and thereby the bulk material properties, of a supramolecular polymer is reported. Noncovalent capping agents (chain stoppers) modulate the length of supramolecular polymers by stacking on the surfaces of the polymer's ends. Methylene blue (MB) is a positively charged, planar polycyclic dye that acts as a chain stopper. It can be reversibly switched between its colored, planar, cationic state and a colorless, nonplanar, neutral state (leucomethylene blue, LMB) by reduction with ascorbic acid and then reoxidized to MB by O2. LMB does not act as a chain stopper. This behavior was utilized to reversibly trigger the gel to sol transformation of supramolecular polymers formed by the self-assembly of hexameric rosettes comprising 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine and a hexanoic acid-substituted cyanuric acid (CyCo6) in aqueous media. The results of our experiments highlight the ability of this approach to reversibly switch between the gel and solution states of materials formed from supramolecular polymers and thereby control their bulk properties.
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13
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Han S, Mellot G, Pensec S, Rieger J, Stoffelbach F, Nicol E, Colombani O, Jestin J, Bouteiller L. Crucial Role of the Spacer in Tuning the Length of Self-Assembled Nanorods. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyuan Han
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8232, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Mellot
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8232, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Pensec
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8232, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8232, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 75252 Paris, France
| | - François Stoffelbach
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8232, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Erwan Nicol
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Olivier Colombani
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Jacques Jestin
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR12 CEA-CNRS, Bât. 563, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8232, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 75252 Paris, France
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14
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Schmolke W, Ahmadi M, Seiffert S. Enhancement of metallo-supramolecular dissociation kinetics in telechelic terpyridine-capped poly(ethylene glycol) assemblies in the semi-dilute regime. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19623-19638. [PMID: 31465047 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03911b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of supramolecular polymer assemblies is governed by that of their polymeric building blocks and that of the transient bonds between them. Entrapment of such bonds by topological crowding often causes renormalization of the bond lifetimes towards prolonging. In the present study, by contrast, we show that this effect can also be inverse in the case of telechelic metallo-supramolecular polymers in semi-dilute solution. We focus on linear poly(ethylene glycols) capped by terpyridine binding motifs at both ends that can form metal-ligand coordinative bonds with various transition metal ions, thereby creating transient metallo-supramolecular assemblies of varying length and binding strength. Oscillatory shear rheology measurements along with theoretical modelling of the mechanical spectra of these samples reveals a pronounced enhancement of the complex dissociation kinetics that is dependent on the length of the polymeric chain segment, with longer segments yielding faster dissociation times up to six orders of magnitude shorter than described for the free complexes. This finding indicates that the dynamic activity of the polymer chain itself causes complex destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Schmolke
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mostafa Ahmadi
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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15
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Susa A, Mordvinkin A, Saalwächter K, van der Zwaag S, Garcia SJ. Identifying the Role of Primary and Secondary Interactions on the Mechanical Properties and Healing of Densely Branched Polyimides. Macromolecules 2018; 51:8333-8345. [PMID: 30662088 PMCID: PMC6328282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic study of the role of the aromatic dianhydride structure on the self-healing behavior of dimer diamine-based polyimides. By means of solid-state NMR and rheology, we studied the molecular and microscale dynamics of four polyimides comprising the same aliphatic branched diamine yet with variable dianhydride rigidities and correlated these to their macroscopic healing kinetics measured by tensile testing. Following the two-step kinetics of the healing process, we were able to differentiate and quantify the extent of mechanical strength recovery in each of the healing stages separately. Moreover, the detailed rheology and solid-state NMR allowed us to shed light on the role of the aromatic interactions and branches on the mechanical properties and mechanical integrity during macroscopic healing. The study reveals the relevance and interplay of primary and secondary interactions in the development of non-cross-linked strong and healing polymers able to maintain mechanical integrity during healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijana Susa
- Novel Aerospace
Materials Group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629
HS Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Mordvinkin
- Institut für Physik − NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik − NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sybrand van der Zwaag
- Novel Aerospace
Materials Group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629
HS Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Santiago J. Garcia
- Novel Aerospace
Materials Group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629
HS Delft, The Netherlands
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16
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Jangizehi A, Ghaffarian SR, Schmolke W, Seiffert S. Dominance of Chain Entanglement over Transient Sticking on Chain Dynamics in Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Polymer Networks in the Melt. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jangizehi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Avenue, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - S. Reza Ghaffarian
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Avenue, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Willi Schmolke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz D-55128, Germany
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17
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Karunakaran SC, Cafferty BJ, Peláez-Fernández M, Neselu K, Schmidt-Krey I, Fernandez-Nieves A, Schuster GB, Hud NV. Exquisite regulation of supramolecular equilibrium polymers in water: chain stoppers control length, polydispersity and viscoelasticity. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01146j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Positively charged molecules with planar surfaces control the length of supramolecular polymers formed by 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine and a modified cyanuric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian J. Cafferty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | | | - Kasahun Neselu
- School of Biological Sciences
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | | | | | - Gary B. Schuster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Nicholas V. Hud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
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18
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Dahlke J, Bose RK, Zechel S, Garcia SJ, van der Zwaag S, Hager MD, Schubert US. A New Approach Toward Metal-Free Self-Healing Ionomers Based on Phosphate and Methacrylate Containing Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dahlke
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Novel Aerospace Materials section; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Zechel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Santiago J. Garcia
- Novel Aerospace Materials section; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| | - Sybrand van der Zwaag
- Novel Aerospace Materials section; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
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19
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Bose RK, Enke M, Grande AM, Zechel S, Schacher FH, Hager MD, Garcia SJ, Schubert US, van der Zwaag S. Contributions of hard and soft blocks in the self-healing of metal-ligand-containing block copolymers. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Susa A, Bose RK, Grande AM, van der Zwaag S, Garcia SJ. Effect of the Dianhydride/Branched Diamine Ratio on the Architecture and Room Temperature Healing Behavior of Polyetherimides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34068-34079. [PMID: 27960394 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Traditional polyetherimides (PEIs) are commonly synthesized from an aromatic diamine and an aromatic dianhydride (e.g., 3,4'-oxidianiline (ODA) and 4,4'-oxidiphtalic anhydride (ODPA)) leading to the imide linkage and outstanding chemical, thermal and mechanical properties yet lacking any self-healing functionality. In this work, we have replaced the traditional aromatic diamine by a branched aliphatic fatty dimer diamine (DD1). This led to a whole family of self-healing polymers not containing reversible chemical bonds, capable of healing at (near) room temperature yet maintaining very high elastomeric-like mechanical properties (up to 6 MPa stress and 570% strain at break). In this work, we present the effect of the DD1/ODPA ratio on the general performance and healing behavior of a room temperature healing polyetherimide. A dedicated analysis suggests that healing proceeds in three steps: (i) an initial adhesive step leading to the formation of a relatively weak interface; (ii) a second step at long healing times leading to the formation of an interphase with different properties than the bulk material and (iii) disappearance of the damaged zone leading to full healing. We argue that the fast interfacial adhesive step is due to van der Waals interactions of long dangling alkyl chains followed by an interphase formation due to polymer chain interdiffusion. An increase in DD1/ODPA ratio leads to an increase in the healing kinetics and displacement shift of the first healing step toward lower temperatures. An excess of DD1 leads to the cross-linking of the polymer thereby restricting the necessary mobility for the interphase formation and limiting the self-healing behavior. The results here presented offer a new route for the development of room temperature self-healing thermoplastic elastomers with improved mechanical properties using fatty dimer diamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Susa
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - R K Bose
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - A M Grande
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - S van der Zwaag
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - S J Garcia
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
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21
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Besenius P. Controlling supramolecular polymerization through multicomponent self-assembly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Besenius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 Mainz 55128 Germany
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22
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Grande A, Bijleveld J, Garcia S, van der Zwaag S. A combined fracture mechanical – rheological study to separate the contributions of hydrogen bonds and disulphide linkages to the healing of poly(urea-urethane) networks. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Sanguramath RA, Nealey PF, Shenhar R. Quasi-Block Copolymers Based on a General Polymeric Chain Stopper. Chemistry 2016; 22:10203-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajashekharayya A. Sanguramath
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Institute for Molecular Engineering; University of Chicago; Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Roy Shenhar
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
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24
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Munzert SM, Schwarz G, Kurth DG. Tailoring length and viscosity of dynamic metallo-supramolecular polymers in solution. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26907e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a detailed study of metallo-supramolecular coordination polymers (MEPEs) and how to adjust their chain-length and viscosity. A model is established, which can easily be used to prepare MEPEs of desired average molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Martina Munzert
- Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg
- Chemical Technology of Advanced Materials
- D-97070 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Guntram Schwarz
- Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg
- Chemical Technology of Advanced Materials
- D-97070 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Dirk G. Kurth
- Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg
- Chemical Technology of Advanced Materials
- D-97070 Würzburg
- Germany
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25
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Isare B, Pensec S, Raynal M, Bouteiller L. Bisurea-based supramolecular polymers: From structure to properties11Dedicated to Professor Jean-Pierre Vairon on the occasion of his 78th birthday. CR CHIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Callies X, Fonteneau C, Véchambre C, Pensec S, Chenal JM, Chazeau L, Bouteiller L, Ducouret G, Creton C. Linear rheology of bis-urea functionalized supramolecular poly(butylacrylate)s: Part I – weak stickers. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Arrese-Igor S, Alegría A, Colmenero J. Dielectric relaxation of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol around the glass transition by thermally stimulated depolarization currents. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:214504. [PMID: 26049505 DOI: 10.1063/1.4921655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore new routes for characterizing the Debye-like and α relaxation in 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2E1H) monoalcohol by using low frequency dielectric techniques including thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) techniques and isothermal depolarization current methods. In this way, we have improved the resolution of the overlapped processes making it possible the analysis of the data in terms of a mode composition as expected for a chain-like response. Furthermore the explored ultralow frequencies enabled to study dynamics at relatively low temperatures close to the glass transition (Tg). Results show, on the one hand, that Debye-like and α relaxation timescales dramatically approach to each other upon decreasing temperature to Tg. On the other hand, the analysis of partial polarization TSDC data confirms the single exponential character of the Debye-like relaxation in 2E1H and rules out the presence of Rouse type modes in the scenario of a chain-like response. Finally, on crossing the glass transition, the Debye-like relaxation shows non-equilibrium effects which are further emphasized by aging treatment and would presumably emerge as a result of the arrest of the structural relaxation below Tg.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arrese-Igor
- Centro de de Física de Materiales (MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A Alegría
- Centro de de Física de Materiales (MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J Colmenero
- Centro de de Física de Materiales (MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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28
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Intrinsic Self-Healing Polymers Based on Supramolecular Interactions: State of the Art and Future Directions. SELF-HEALING MATERIALS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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29
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Zeng X, Ye L, Sun R, Xu J, Wong CP. Observation of viscoelasticity in boron nitride nanosheet aerogel. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:16709-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02192h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The viscoelasticity of boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) aerogel, including dynamic viscoelasticity and creep behavior, has been observed and investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Zeng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen
- China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Electronics Engineering
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Rong Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Department of Electronics Engineering
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Ching-Ping Wong
- Department of Electronics Engineering
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
- School of Mechanical Engineering
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30
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Rossow T, Seiffert S. Supramolecular Polymer Networks: Preparation, Properties, and Potential. SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMER NETWORKS AND GELS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15404-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Hydrogen Bonding in Supramolecular Polymer Networks: Glasses, Melts, and Elastomers. SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMER NETWORKS AND GELS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15404-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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32
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Rossow T, Habicht A, Seiffert S. Relaxation and Dynamics in Transient Polymer Model Networks. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5013144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Rossow
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Habicht
- F-ISFM
Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz
1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- F-ISFM
Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz
1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
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33
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Brandt J, Oehlenschlaeger KK, Schmidt FG, Barner-Kowollik C, Lederer A. State-of-the-art analytical methods for assessing dynamic bonding soft matter materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:5758-5785. [PMID: 24782412 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic bonding materials are of high interest in a variety of fields in material science. The reversible nature of certain reaction classes is frequently employed for introducing key material properties such as the capability to self-heal. In addition to the synthetic effort required for designing such materials, their analysis is a highly complex--yet important--endeavor. Herein, we critically review the current state of the art analytical methods and their application in the context of reversible bonding on demand soft matter material characterization for an in-depth performance assessment. The main analytical focus lies on the characterization at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Brandt
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung, Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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34
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Piskorz TK, Ochab-Marcinek A. A Universal Model of Restricted Diffusion for Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:4906-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502467u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz K. Piskorz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ochab-Marcinek
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka
44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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35
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Abstract
Supramolecular polymer networks with different strengths of transient connectivity can be formed with nanometer-scale topologies close to those of regular model networks by transition-metal complexation of monodisperse star-shaped building blocks with terpyridine endgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Rossow
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
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36
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Catrouillet S, Fonteneau C, Bouteiller L, Delorme N, Nicol E, Nicolai T, Pensec S, Colombani O. Competition Between Steric Hindrance and Hydrogen Bonding in the Formation of Supramolecular Bottle Brush Polymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401167n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Catrouillet
- LUNAM Université,
Université du Maine, IMMM−UMR CNRS 6283, Université
du Maine, av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Cécile Fonteneau
- UPMC Univ Paris
6, UMR 7610, Chimie des Polymères, and CNRS, UMR 7610, Chimie
des Polymères, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- UPMC Univ Paris
6, UMR 7610, Chimie des Polymères, and CNRS, UMR 7610, Chimie
des Polymères, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Delorme
- LUNAM Université,
Université du Maine, IMMM−UMR CNRS 6283, Université
du Maine, av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Erwan Nicol
- LUNAM Université,
Université du Maine, IMMM−UMR CNRS 6283, Université
du Maine, av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Taco Nicolai
- LUNAM Université,
Université du Maine, IMMM−UMR CNRS 6283, Université
du Maine, av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Sandrine Pensec
- UPMC Univ Paris
6, UMR 7610, Chimie des Polymères, and CNRS, UMR 7610, Chimie
des Polymères, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Colombani
- LUNAM Université,
Université du Maine, IMMM−UMR CNRS 6283, Université
du Maine, av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
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37
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Hackelbusch S, Rossow T, van Assenbergh P, Seiffert S. Chain Dynamics in Supramolecular Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4003648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hackelbusch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195
Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Rossow
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195
Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter van Assenbergh
- F-ISFM
Soft Matter and Functional
Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz
1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195
Berlin, Germany
- F-ISFM
Soft Matter and Functional
Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz
1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
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38
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Ribagnac P, Cannizzo C, Méallet-Renault R, Clavier G, Audebert P, Pansu R, Bouteiller L. Fluorescent Labeling of a Bisurea-Based Supramolecular Polymer. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:1958-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307829x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Ribagnac
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères—UMR
7610, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Site Le Raphaël, 3, rue Galilée 94200 Ivry-sur-Seine,
France
| | - Caroline Cannizzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères—UMR
7610, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Site Le Raphaël, 3, rue Galilée 94200 Ivry-sur-Seine,
France
| | - Rachel Méallet-Renault
- Laboratoire de Photophysique
et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires—UMR
8531 61, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan cedex, France
| | - Gilles Clavier
- Laboratoire de Photophysique
et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires—UMR
8531 61, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan cedex, France
| | - Pierre Audebert
- Laboratoire de Photophysique
et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires—UMR
8531 61, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan cedex, France
| | - Robert Pansu
- Laboratoire de Photophysique
et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires—UMR
8531 61, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan cedex, France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères—UMR
7610, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Site Le Raphaël, 3, rue Galilée 94200 Ivry-sur-Seine,
France
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39
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Herbst F, Binder WH. Comparing solution and melt-state association of hydrogen bonds in supramolecular polymers. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00362k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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40
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Hackethal K, Herbst F, Binder WH. Synthesis and clustering of supramolecular “graft” polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Isare B, Pembouong G, Boué F, Bouteiller L. Conformational control of hydrogen-bonded aromatic bis-ureas. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:7535-7541. [PMID: 22510107 DOI: 10.1021/la300887p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The phenylurea moiety is a ubiquitous synthon in supramolecular chemistry because it contains strong complementary hydrogen bonding groups and is synthetically very accessible. Here we investigate the possibility to strengthen self-association by conformational preorganization of the phenylurea moiety. In fact, we show that it is possible to strongly enhance intermolecular interactions between hydrogen bonded aromatic bis-ureas by substitution at the ortho positions of the phenylurea groups. Ortho substituents enforce a noncoplanar conformation of the urea and phenyl moieties better suited for hydrogen bonding. Substitution by methyl groups is more efficient than with larger groups, probably because of reduced steric hindrance. These effects have been demonstrated in the case of two different supramolecular architectures, which points to the probable generality of the phenomenon. In addition, this study has led to the discovery of a new bis-urea able to form very stable self-assembled nanotubes in toluene up to high temperatures (boiling point) or low concentrations (10(-7) M) and in chloroform down to 3 × 10(-4) M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Isare
- UPMC Université Paris 06 and CNRS, UMR 7610, Chimie des Polymères, F-75005 Paris, France
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42
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43
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Seiffert S, Sprakel J. Physical chemistry of supramolecular polymer networks. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:909-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15191f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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44
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Sheepwash E, Luisier N, Krause MR, Noé S, Kubik S, Severin K. Supramolecular polymers based on dative boron–nitrogen bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:7808-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34231f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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45
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46
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Smulders MMJ, Nieuwenhuizen MML, Grossman M, Filot IAW, Lee CC, de Greef TFA, Schenning APHJ, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Cooperative Two-Component Self-Assembly of Mono- and Ditopic Monomers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201255q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten M. J. Smulders
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marko M. L. Nieuwenhuizen
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Madeleine Grossman
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo A. W. Filot
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cameron C. Lee
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tom F. A. de Greef
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albertus P. H. J. Schenning
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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47
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Tanner SA, Amin S, Kloxin CJ, van Zanten JH. Microviscoelasticity of soft repulsive sphere dispersions: Tracer particle microrheology of triblock copolymer micellar liquids and soft crystals. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:174903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3578183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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48
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Li Z, Djohari H, Dormidontova EE. Molecular dynamics simulations of supramolecular polymer rheology. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:184904. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3498781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Herbst F, Schröter K, Gunkel I, Gröger S, Thurn-Albrecht T, Balbach J, Binder WH. Aggregation and Chain Dynamics in Supramolecular Polymers by Dynamic Rheology: Cluster Formation and Self-Aggregation. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101962y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Herbst
- Institute of Chemistry, Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Klaus Schröter
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Ilja Gunkel
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Stefan Gröger
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Jochen Balbach
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Institute of Chemistry, Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
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50
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Pinault T, Andrioletti B, Bouteiller L. Chain stopper engineering for hydrogen bonded supramolecular polymers. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:869-75. [PMID: 21085505 PMCID: PMC2981821 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers are linear chains of low molar mass monomers held together by reversible and directional non-covalent interactions, which can form gels or highly viscous solutions if the self-assembled chains are sufficiently long and rigid. The viscosity of these solutions can be controlled by adding monofunctional compounds, which interact with the chain extremities: chain stoppers. We have synthesized new substituted ureas and thioureas and tested them as chain stoppers for a bis-urea based supramolecular polymer. In particular, the bis-thiourea analogue of the bis-urea monomer is shown not to form a supramolecular polymer, but a good chain stopper, because it is a strong hydrogen bond donor and a weak acceptor. Moreover, all substituted ureas tested reduce the viscosity of the supramolecular polymer solutions, but the best chain stopper is obtained when two hydrogen bond acceptors are placed in the same relative position as for the monomer and when no hydrogen bond donor is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pinault
- UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7610, Chimie des Polymères, F-75005 Paris, France
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